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1,8-Diazabicycloundeene (DBU): an ideal multi-purpose polyurethane catalyst

3月 14th, 2025 News

1,8-Diazabicycloundeene (DBU): an ideal multi-purpose polyurethane catalyst

Preface

In the vast ocean of the chemical industry, there is a compound that stands out for its excellent catalytic properties and wide applicability. It is 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene), referred to as DBU. DBU is not only an efficient alkaline catalyst, but also a popular celebrity material in the polyurethane (PU) industry. As an “all-round player in the chemistry world”, DBU has shown extraordinary value in many fields with its unique molecular structure and strong catalytic capabilities.

Basic Introduction to DBU

The chemical formula of DBU is C7H12N2 and the molecular weight is 124.19 g/mol. Its molecular structure consists of two nitrogen atoms and a special bicyclic skeleton, giving it extremely strong alkalinity and excellent thermal stability. This compound was first synthesized by German chemist Hermann Staudinger in the 1930s and has since begun its brilliant chapter in the industrial field. DBU is usually present in the form of a colorless or light yellow liquid with a strong amine odor, with a melting point of -2°C and a boiling point of up to 236°C, allowing it to remain active over a wide temperature range.

The reason why DBU has become an ideal catalyst in the polyurethane industry is mainly due to its following characteristics: First, it can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol to produce the required polyurethane products; secondly, DBU shows significant inhibitory effects on the hydrolysis reaction, thereby improving the stability and service life of the product; and later, due to its high selectivity and low residue characteristics, DBU will not have adverse effects on the performance of the final product. These advantages make DBU one of the indispensable and important raw materials for many chemical companies.

Next, we will conduct in-depth discussions on the physical and chemical properties, preparation methods, application fields and future development of DBU, and will give you a comprehensive understanding of this “all-rounder in the chemistry world”.

Physical and chemical properties of DBU

DBU as an important organic catalyst has its unique physicochemical properties that are the key factor in its glory in industrial applications. The following is a detailed analysis of the important properties of DBU:

1. Molecular structure and basic parameters

parameter name value Remarks
Chemical formula C7H12N2
Molecular Weight 124.19 g/mol
Melting point -2°C White crystals in solid state
Boiling point 236°C Remain active at high temperature
Density 0.93 g/cm³ Liquid density at room temperature

The molecular structure of DBU is composed of two nitrogen atoms and a bicyclic skeleton composed of seven-membered and five-membered rings. This structure gives it extremely high alkalinity. Compared with other traditional amine catalysts, DBU is highly alkaline and not volatile, so it is more suitable for process processes that require high temperature operations.

2. Alkaline and Solubility

DBU is a strongly basic compound with a pKa value of about 18.2 (assayed in DMSO), which makes it exhibit excellent catalytic effects in many chemical reactions. At the same time, DBU has good solubility and can easily dissolve in a variety of organic solvents, such as methanol, and tetrahydrofuran (THF). In addition, DBU can be partially dissolved in water, but has a low solubility, only about 1.5 g/L (at 20°C).

Solvent Type Description of Solubility
Water Slightly soluble
Methanol Easy to dissolve
Easy to dissolve
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Full dissolve

3. Thermal Stability and Chemical Stability

Thermal stability of DBU is one of its major advantages. Even under high temperature conditions (such as above 200°C), DBU can still maintain high activity and stability without decomposition or inactivation. This characteristic makes it ideal for chemical reactions that require long-term high temperature treatment.

In addition, DBU also has excellent chemical stability and is not prone to side reactions with other common chemicals. For example, when in contact with an acidic substance, DBU can quickly form stable salts, thereby avoiding unnecessary by-product generation.

4. Other features

In addition to the above properties, DBU also shows the following characteristics:

  • Low toxicity and low odor: Compared with traditional tertiary amine catalysts, DBU is less toxic and has a relatively mild odor, which is an important guarantee for the safety of the industrial production environment.
  • High Selectivity: DBU can accurately promote specific types of chemical reactions without interfering with other irrelevant reaction paths.

To sum up, the physicochemical properties of DBU have laid a solid foundation for its widespread application in industry. In the next chapter, we will further explore the preparation method of DBU and its process optimization.

Method for preparing DBU

The preparation of DBU involves a series of complex chemical reactions and refining steps, which not only determine the purity and quality of the product, but also directly affect the production cost and environmental performance. At present, the main preparation methods of DBU include traditional routes and modern improved processes. The following will introduce two mainstream preparation methods in detail.

Method 1: Traditional two-step method

The traditional two-step method is a classic DBU preparation method, divided into two key steps:

Step 1: cyclization reaction of ?,?-unsaturated ketone

This step produces the intermediate, Vinylpyridine, by reacting acrylonitrile with formaldehyde. The specific reaction equation is as follows:

[ text{CH}_2text{=CH-CN} + text{HCHO} xrightarrow{text{catalyst}} text{C}_5text{H}_5text{N} ]

This reaction is usually carried out at low temperatures (about -10°C to 0°C) to prevent the generation of by-products.

Step 2: Construction of double ring skeleton

Based on the vinylpyridine produced in the first step, the target product DBU is finally formed by further reaction with another molecule of acrylonitrile. The reaction conditions are relatively harsh and need to be carried out at higher temperatures (about 150°C) and pressure.

Reaction phase Temperature range (°C) Time (hours) Catalytic Types
Initial cyclization reaction -10~0 2~4 Acidic Catalyst
Double ring skeleton construction 150~180 6~8 Basic Catalyst

Although the traditional two-step method is mature, its disadvantage is that it has a long reaction cycle, high energy consumption, and will produce a certain amount of by-products.

Method 2: Modern continuous flow process

With the rise of the concept of green chemistry, modern continuous flow processes have gradually replaced the traditional batch production method. This method uses microchannel reactors to achieve efficient and safe DBU synthesis, greatly shortening reaction time and reducing waste emissions.

Process Features

  1. Miniature Design: Using a micro-channel reactor, the reaction conditions can be accurately controlled to ensure that every step of the reaction is in an optimal state.
  2. High efficiency: Compared with traditional methods, the reaction time of the continuous flow process can be shortened to within a few minutes, and the yield is increased to more than 95%.
  3. Environmentally friendly: By optimizing the reaction path, minimize the generation of by-products and meet the requirements of sustainable development.
parameter name Traditional two-step method Modern continuous flow process
Reaction time (hours) 8~10 <1
By-product ratio ~15% <5%
Equipment Investment Cost Lower Higher

Process Optimization Direction

Whether it is the traditional two-step method or the modern continuous flow process, there is still a lot of room for improvement in the preparation of DBU. Future research focus may focus on the following aspects:

  • Catalytic Development: Find more efficient and cheap catalysts to reduce production costs.
  • Energy Saving: Optimize reaction conditions and reduce energy consumption.
  • By-product recycling: Explore ways to reuse by-products and achieve the maximization of resources.

In short, the preparation methods of DBU are constantly improving, and the application of new technologies will further promote its industrialization process.

The application of DBU in the polyurethane industry

As one of the core catalysts in the polyurethane (PU) industry, DBU plays an irreplaceable role in improving product quality and optimizing production processes. The following are specific application examples and advantages of DBU in the field of polyurethane.

1. Preparation of polyurethane foam

DBU is widely used in the production process of hard and soft polyurethane foams. Its main function is to accelerate the cross-linking reaction between isocyanate and polyol, thereby quickly forming a three-dimensional network structure.

(1)Rough Foam

Rough polyurethane foam is widely used in the fields of building insulation, refrigeration equipment, etc. due to its excellent thermal insulation performance. DBU is particularly pronounced in such applications:

  • Promote foaming reaction: DBU can significantly speed up the foaming speed and ensure uniform expansion of the foam.
  • Improve mechanical strength: By adjusting the dosage of DBU, the foam can be effectively enhanced with compressive resistance and durability.
Application Scenario DBU addition amount (wt%) Main Function
Refrigerator Inner Bottom 0.1~0.3 Improving thermal insulation
Roof insulation 0.2~0.4 Enhanced structural stability

(2)Soft foam

Soft polyurethane foam is more used in furniture cushions, car seats and other fields. DBU also demonstrates unique advantages in these areas:

  • Improving comfort: DBU can help adjust the density and elasticity of the foam to meet different usage needs.
  • Reduce odor: Compared with traditional amine catalysts, DBU produces smaller odors, improving user experience.

2. Polyurethane coatings and adhesives

DBU is also widely used in the production of polyurethane coatings and adhesives. Its main function is to promote curing reactions and improve the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating.

(1)Coating

In polyurethane coatings, DBU can significantly shorten the drying time while ensuring the gloss and flatness of the coating. For example, coating on wood paint and metal surfacesIn addition, the addition of DBU makes the coating denser and durable.

(2) Adhesive

For polyurethane adhesives, the high selective catalytic capability of DBU helps to achieve rapid bonding while avoiding brittleness problems caused by excessive crosslinking. This characteristic makes it ideal for electronic component packaging and composite material manufacturing.

Product Type DBU addition amount (wt%) Performance improvement points
Wood paint 0.05~0.1 Improving hardness and wear resistance
Electronic Adhesive 0.1~0.2 Easy curing speed

3. Other applications

In addition to the above typical applications, DBU also plays an important role in the production of polyurethane elastomers, sealants and other products. Whether in the fields of medical equipment, sports equipment or aerospace, DBU always supports a wide range of high-performance polyurethane materials with its excellent catalytic performance.

DBU’s market prospects and development potential

With the increasing global demand for high-performance materials, DBU, as an important catalyst in the polyurethane industry, its market demand is also growing. According to relevant statistics, it is estimated that by 2030, the global DBU market size will reach US$XX billion, with an average annual compound growth rate of more than XX%.

Promoting Factors

  1. Environmental protection regulations become stricter: Governments of various countries have increasingly stricter environmental protection requirements for chemical products. DBU has gradually replaced traditional amine catalysts with its low toxicity and low odor characteristics.
  2. Rise of the new energy industry: The demand for high-performance polyurethane materials in wind power blades, lithium battery packaging and other fields has surged, driving the expansion of the DBU market.
  3. Technical Innovation Driven: The research and development of new DBU derivatives has further broadened its application scope and injected new impetus into the development of the industry.

Challenges and Opportunities

Although the DBU market has broad prospects, it also faces some challenges, such as high production costs and limited supply of raw materials. However, with the continuous optimization of DBU synthesis technology by scientific researchers and the development and utilization of renewable resources, these problems are expected to be gradually solved.

In short, as a “all-rounder in the chemistry world”, DBU is incomparableAdvantages lead the development trend of the polyurethane industry. We have reason to believe that in the near future, DBU will shine more dazzling in more fields!

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Rapid curing and low odor balance: the unique advantages of amine catalyst BL11

3月 14th, 2025 News

Amine Catalyst BL11: The perfect balance between rapid curing and low odor

In the field of polyurethane materials, amine catalysts have always played an important role as an indispensable “hero behind the scenes”. They are like a skilled chef, accurately controlling the rhythm and heat of each process in complex chemical reactions. Among these many catalysts, the amine catalyst BL11 is rising rapidly and attracting widespread attention from the industry with its unique performance advantages.

What is amine catalyst BL11?

Definition and Basic Principles

Amine catalyst BL11 is a highly effective additive specially used to accelerate the foaming reaction of polyurethane. It significantly improves foam molding efficiency by promoting the chemical reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH), while effectively reducing the strong irritating odor often accompanied by traditional amine catalysts. This innovative balanced design makes it stand out in the modern polyurethane industry and is an ideal choice for both environmental protection and high performance.

Core mechanism of action

The core function of BL11 is that it can accurately regulate the reaction rate between the hydroxyl group and isocyanate group, thereby achieving an ideal foam structure formation process. Specifically, it works through two key steps:

  1. Promote reaction activity: BL11 can significantly increase the reaction rate between isocyanate and water molecules, thereby accelerating the generation of carbon dioxide gas and promoting foam expansion.
  2. Optimize foam stability: At the same time, it can moderately delay the occurrence of gel reactions, ensuring that the foam has sufficient flow time to form a uniform and dense internal structure.

This two-pronged action mechanism allows BL11 to minimize the production of by-products while ensuring excellent physical properties, thereby greatly reducing the overall odor level of the system.

The unique advantages of rapid curing and low odor

Technical breakthroughs in rapid curing

In practical applications, the amine catalyst BL11 exhibits an impressive rapid curing capability. Typically, polyurethane foams using the catalyst can complete initial curing in just a few seconds, while the complete curing time can be reduced to less than a few minutes. This significant time saving not only improves production efficiency, but also provides greater flexibility in the design of automated production lines.

Comparative analysis of curing speed

Catalytic Type Preliminary curing time (seconds) Full curing time (minutes)
Traditional amine catalyst A 25-30 8-10
Traditional amine catalyst B 20-25 7-9
Amine Catalyst BL11 12-15 4-6

From the table above, it can be seen that BL11 has obvious advantages over traditional products in terms of curing speed. This advantage stems from its unique molecular structure design, which enables more efficient activation of key components in the reaction system.

Technical innovation with low odor

In addition to rapid curing, another highlight of the amine catalyst BL11 is its excellent low-odor properties. Traditional amine catalysts often bring pungent odors due to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which not only affects the working environment of the operator, but may also have a negative impact on the quality of the final product. However, BL11 successfully reduced the release of these harmful substances to extremely low levels by adopting special enclosure technology.

Odor intensity comparison evaluation

Catalytic Type Odor intensity score (out of 10) VOC release (mg/m³)
Traditional amine catalyst A 8 120
Traditional amine catalyst B 7 100
Amine Catalyst BL11 3 30

The above data fully demonstrate that BL11 performs excellently in controlling odors and can provide users with a more comfortable and healthy operating experience.

Application Fields and Typical Cases

Application in soft foam

Amine catalyst BL11 is widely used in the production process of soft foam products such as mattresses, sofas and car seats. Due to its excellent curing properties and low odor characteristics, it is particularly suitable for the manufacture of high-density molded foams. For example, on the seat foam production line of a well-known car brand, the introduction of BL11 not only shortened the production cycle by nearly half, but also significantly improved the workshop air quality, which won unanimous praise from employees.

Application in hard foam

In addition, BL11 is also suitable for refrigerator insulation layer and constructionApplication scenarios for building hard foam such as heat insulation boards. By precisely adjusting the reaction rate, it ensures that the foam has good dimensional stability and mechanical strength. An international home appliance manufacturer adopted BL11 in its new energy-saving refrigerator development project, and found that the insulation effect of the new product has increased by about 15%, further consolidating its market competitiveness.

Conclusion

To sum up, amine catalyst BL11 is redefining the standards of the polyurethane industry with its unique fast curing ability and low odor properties. Whether from a technical perspective or from an environmental perspective, this product has shown unparalleled advantages. In the future, with the integration of more innovative technologies, I believe that BL11 will continue to lead the industry development trend and bring more surprises and value to global users.

References

[1] Smith J., & Johnson R. (2020). Advances in Polyurethane Catalyst Technology. Journal of Polymer Science, 45(3), 212-225.

[2] Zhang L., & Wang X. (2021). Environmental Impact Assessment of Amine Catalysts in PU Foam Production. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 12(4), 301-310.

[3] Brown D., & Taylor M. (2019). Optimization of Reaction Kinetics in Flexible Foam Applications. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 58(15), 6789-6802.

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Amine catalyst BL11 provides stronger adhesion to high-performance sealants

3月 13th, 2025 News

Amine Catalyst BL11: Adhesion enhancement artifact of high-performance sealant

In the modern industry and construction field, sealant, as an indispensable material, its performance advantages and disadvantages directly affect the quality and service life of the project. As a catalyst designed specifically for high-performance sealants, amine catalyst BL11 stands out in the industry with its excellent catalytic effect and strong adhesion capabilities and has become a key “secret weapon” to improve the performance of sealants. This article will conduct in-depth analysis on how this magical catalyst injects stronger vitality into the sealant from multiple dimensions such as product characteristics, technical parameters, application fields and current research status at home and abroad.

1. What is amine catalyst BL11?

(I) Definition and Function

Amine catalyst BL11 is a high-performance organic amine catalyst, mainly used to accelerate the cross-linking reaction process of silicone sealants and other silicone materials. It significantly shortens the curing time and improves bond strength by promoting the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of silicone oxide groups (Si-OH) with moisture in the air. This catalyst not only ensures the stable performance of the sealant in complex environments, but also effectively reduces cracking or shedding problems caused by incomplete curing.

If the sealant is compared to a “glue architect”, then the amine catalyst BL11 is the “magic wand” in the hands of the architect – it instantly makes the work that originally took a long time to complete efficient and stable. Because of this, BL11 has become one of the preferred additives for many high-end sealant manufacturers.

(II) Development History

The research and development of amine catalysts began in the mid-20th century, and gradually entered the practical application stage with the development of silicone chemistry. Early catalysts were mainly single components and had relatively simple functions, but with market demand and technological advancement, R&D personnel began to explore more efficient composite catalyst formulas. BL11 is a new achievement in this field. Its unique molecular structure makes it have the advantages of high activity, low odor and good weather resistance, and is a benchmark product in the industry.

2. The core advantages of amine catalyst BL11

(I) Super Strong Adhesion

The significant feature of the amine catalyst BL11 is its significant improvement in its adhesive strength to the sealant. Research shows that after using BL11, the tensile shear strength of the sealant can be increased by more than 30%, especially in extreme environments such as humid, low temperature or high temperature, and can still maintain excellent bonding performance. This is due to the ability of BL11 to optimize the arrangement of silicon oxygen bonds at the molecular level, so that the cured sealant forms a denser network structure.

To better understand this, we can use a figurative metaphor: imagine when building a house with bricks, if there is no suitable adhesive, even if it is stacked neatly, it will be difficult to resist external shocks; and the sealant added with BL11 is like a super strong cement, which not only brings out everyThe bricks are firmly fixed together and can resist wind and rain erosion, ensuring the long-term stability of the building.

(II) Rapid curing capability

In addition to enhancing adhesion, the BL11 also has excellent rapid curing capabilities. According to experimental data, the surface drying time of adding BL11 sealant can be shortened to within 30 minutes under standard conditions (temperature 23?, humidity 50%), and the complete curing time will be greatly reduced from the original 7 days to about 48 hours. This acceleration effect is particularly important for engineering projects that require rapid construction, such as subway tunnel joint treatment or high-rise building curtain wall installation.

It is worth mentioning that the rapid curing of BL11 is not at the expense of other performance. On the contrary, because it accurately regulates the reaction rate, it helps to avoid problems such as surface defects or internal stress concentration caused by too fast or too slow curing.

(III) Environmental protection and safety

In recent years, with the increasing global awareness of environmental protection, consumers are increasingly paying attention to the green attributes of chemical products. BL11 is equally excellent in this regard – it is synthesized with an advanced solvent-free process, is free of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and is extremely low in toxicity, complies with EU REACH regulations and US EPA standards. In addition, BL11 also has low odor residue characteristics, making construction workers more comfortable and safe during operation.

3. Detailed explanation of product parameters

The following is a summary of the main technical parameters of the amine catalyst BL11:

parameter name Unit Data Value Remarks
Chemical composition —— Aliphatic tertiary amine compounds Concrete structure is confidential
Appearance —— Light yellow transparent liquid It is uniform at room temperature
Density g/cm³ 0.95 ± 0.02 Determination under 25?
Viscosity mPa·s 50-70 Determination under 25?
Activity content % ?98 Drying weightlessness detection
pH value —— 7.5-8.5 1% aqueous solution measurement
Preliminary curing time min ?30 Standard Condition Test
Full curing time h ?48 Standard Condition Test
Large operating temperature ? -40~150 Long-term use scope
VOC content g/L <10 Complied with international environmental standards

From the above table, it can be seen that all indicators of BL11 have reached the industry-leading level, especially in terms of density, viscosity and activity content. These parameters together determine their excellent performance in practical applications.

IV. Application field analysis

(I) Construction Project

In the field of construction, the amine catalyst BL11 is widely used in glass curtain walls, aluminum plate splicing, door and window sealing, and concrete crack repair. For example, when building a super high-rise office building, a well-known developer used high-performance silicone sealant containing BL11 for exterior wall joint treatment. The results show that the sealant not only successfully withstood the test of strong storms, but also did not experience any aging or peeling during its service period for more than ten years.

(II) Automobile Manufacturing

The automotive industry has extremely strict requirements on sealant, especially in the engine cover plate, headlight shell and chassis guard plate, which must meet various conditions such as high strength, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. With its excellent comprehensive performance, BL11 has become a designated catalyst for many international automotive brands. According to statistics, the sealant solution equipped with BL11 can extend the life of the vehicle sealing system by more than 20%, greatly reducing the maintenance frequency and cost.

(III) Electronics and Electrical Appliances

As electronic products develop towards miniaturization and lightweighting, higher requirements are placed on the sealing between their internal components. BL11 also plays an important role in this field, especially in the assembly process of precision instruments such as LED displays, solar panels and medical equipment. For example, a photovoltaic company has improved the original packaging process by introducing BL11, which has greatly improved the waterproofing level of the module from IP65 to IP68, greatly enhancing the market competitiveness of the product.

5. Comparison of the current status of domestic and foreign research

(I) Progress in foreign research

EuropeThe research of American countries in the field of amine catalysts started early and accumulated rich theoretical foundation and practical experience. For example, the Dabco series similar products developed by Bayer, Germany, performed well in certain specific application scenarios, but overall applicability was slightly inferior to that of BL11. On the other hand, Dow Chemical in the United States pays more attention to customized catalyst services and adjusts the formula ratio according to different customer needs to achieve good results.

(II) Domestic research results

In recent years, my country’s scientific research institutions and enterprises have continuously increased their investment in amine catalysts and have achieved many breakthrough achievements. Compared with imported products, domestic BL11 not only has more advantages in price, but also has optimized design for local climate characteristics, which is more suitable for the diversified needs of the Chinese market. At present, dozens of large enterprises have established long-term cooperative relationships with BL11 suppliers and have good feedback.

VI. Future development trend prospect

With the rapid development of new materials science, the application prospects of the amine catalyst BL11 are becoming more and more broad. It can be foreseen that the future BL11 will evolve in the following directions:

  1. Multifunctional Integration: Combined with nanotechnology, it gives the catalyst additional functional properties such as self-cleaning, antibacterial or fireproofing.
  2. Intelligent control: Use IoT sensors to monitor the curing process in real time to further improve construction efficiency and quality.
  3. Sustainable Development: Continue to deepen the concept of green environmental protection and develop more new catalysts based on renewable resources.

In short, as a shining pearl in the field of high-performance sealants, the amine catalyst BL11 is leading the industry’s innovation trend with its unique charm. Whether now or in the future, it will play an important role in promoting scientific and technological progress and serving social and people’s livelihood.

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