The leader of China special amines-

Articles posted by: admin

Home / admin

Function of polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 in building materials: ideal for improving thermal insulation performance

2月 21st, 2025 News

Introduction: The “behind the scenes” in building materials – polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41

In the field of modern architecture, thermal insulation performance has become an important indicator for measuring building comfort and energy saving efficiency. With the increasing global attention to energy consumption and environmental protection, how to improve the thermal insulation performance of building materials through scientific means has become one of the core topics of industry research. In this technological innovation, a chemical substance called polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 has quietly emerged and has become the “behind the scenes” in the field of building materials.

Polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 is a highly efficient catalyst whose main function is to accelerate the trimerization reaction of polyurethane materials, thereby significantly improving the physical properties of the material. The unique feature of this catalyst is that it not only promotes the reaction rate, but also optimizes the structural stability and thermal insulation of the final product. In practical applications, it is widely used to produce high-performance polyurethane foams, insulation boards and other thermal insulation materials, which play an indispensable role in modern architecture.

From a scientific point of view, the polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 works similarly to a “building engineer” that ensures that the material achieves ideal density and pore structure at the microscopic level by precisely controlling the direction and speed of chemical reactions. . This characteristic allows the final polyurethane material to more effectively prevent heat transfer, thereby significantly improving the thermal insulation of the building. In addition, due to the presence of PC41 catalyst, the polyurethane material produced also has excellent durability and environmental protection properties, making it an ideal choice for green buildings.

This article aims to introduce to readers the important role of the polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41 in building materials and its excellent thermal insulation properties in easy-to-understand language and vivid metaphors. We will start from the basic principles of the catalyst and gradually explore its performance in actual applications, and combine domestic and foreign literature to deeply analyze its technical advantages and market prospects. Whether you are an average reader interested in the construction industry or a professional looking for an in-depth understanding of materials science, this article will provide you with a detailed and practical knowledge guide. Next, let’s walk into the world of polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41 together and unveil its mystery in the field of building materials.

Basic knowledge and working principle of polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41

To understand why the polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 can shine in building materials, we first need to understand its basic composition and mechanism of action. In short, PC41 is a catalyst specially designed to accelerate polyurethane trimerization. Its chemical structure is complex, but its core components include organometallic compounds and specific additives, which work together to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of the catalytic reaction.

Chemical structure and composition

The main components of PC41 are organometallic compounds based on tin or bismuth, which are widely used for their powerful catalytic activity.It is widely used in industrial production. Specifically, such compounds can effectively reduce the reaction activation energy under mild conditions, thereby allowing the trimerization reaction between polyurethane molecules to proceed rapidly. In addition to the organometallic components, PC41 also contains some auxiliary additives such as stabilizers and antioxidants, which help improve the lifespan and overall performance of the catalyst.

Detailed explanation of the working principle

When PC41 is added to the polyurethane raw material, it will quickly interact with the isocyanate groups in the raw material to form an efficient catalytic system. In this process, the catalyst reduces the energy threshold required for the reaction by providing additional electron cloud density, thereby significantly speeding up the trimerization reaction. Fictional, the PC41 is like a “traffic commander”, which not only opens up fast lanes for reaction vehicles (i.e. chemical molecules), but also ensures the safety and smoothness of the entire process.

More importantly, the role of PC41 is not limited to accelerated reactions. It can also direct reactions toward the ideal direction, ensuring that the resulting polyurethane material has a uniform pore structure and excellent mechanical properties. This is like an experienced architect who not only pays attention to the construction progress, but also strictly controls the building quality, making the final product both beautiful and practical.

Comparison with other catalysts

To better understand the advantages of PC41, we can compare it with other types of catalysts. Conventional catalysts usually rely on high temperature and high pressure conditions to drive the reaction process, which not only increases production costs, but may also lead to instability in material properties. In contrast, PC41 can achieve excellent reaction effects under normal temperature and pressure due to its unique chemical structure and efficient catalytic ability. Furthermore, PC41 also exhibits higher selectivity and lower side reaction rates, meaning it can control the reaction path more accurately, thereby reducing unnecessary waste and contamination.

To sum up, polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 has become an indispensable key component in modern building materials with its excellent catalytic performance and wide applicability. Next, we will further explore its specific application and technical advantages in improving the thermal insulation performance of building materials.

Technical advantages of polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 to improve thermal insulation performance

The reason why polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41 is highly favored in building materials is that it can significantly improve the insulation performance of the material. This improvement is not accidental, but is due to its unique working mechanism and optimization of the microstructure of the material. The following will analyze the technical advantages of PC41 in improving thermal insulation performance from multiple angles in detail.

1. Improve the closed porosity and airtightness of the material

The thermal insulation properties of polyurethane materials are closely related to the pore structure inside them. Studies have shown that the higher the closed porosity, the better the insulation effect of the material. This is because the closed-cell structure can effectively isolate air flow and reduce heat conduction.As a catalyst, PC41 can significantly improve the foaming process of polyurethane foam, making the generated bubbles more uniform and closed. Specifically, PC 41 regulates the reaction rate and direction to ensure that the gas fully expands during the foaming process and forms a stable closed-cell structure, while avoiding pore fracture caused by excessive foaming. This optimized pore structure greatly improves the airtightness of the material, thereby significantly enhancing the thermal insulation performance.

2. Thermal conductivity of reinforced materials

Thermal conductivity is an important parameter for measuring the thermal insulation performance of a material. The lower the value, the better the thermal insulation effect of the material. PC41 generates more polymer chains with crosslinked structures by promoting polyurethane trimerization, thereby reducing the overall thermal conductivity of the material. This crosslinked structure is similar to a tightly woven web, which can effectively hinder the propagation of heat through molecular vibrations. In addition, PC41 can also reduce the free water content in the material, because the presence of moisture will significantly increase the thermal conductivity. By reducing the influence of moisture, PC41 further improves the thermal insulation performance of the material.

3. Improve the mechanical strength and durability of materials

In addition to thermal insulation properties, building materials also need to have good mechanical strength and durability to adapt to complex use environments. The PC41 is equally good in this regard. By promoting trimerization, PC41 enables the polyurethane material to form a denser network structure, thereby significantly improving its compressive strength and impact resistance. This improvement not only ensures the stability of the material during long-term use, but also extends its service life. This is particularly important for application scenarios such as building exterior wall insulation panels, because it means that the material can still maintain excellent thermal insulation under extreme climate conditions.

4. Environmental protection and sustainability advantages

While pursuing high performance, PC41 also demonstrates excellent environmental protection characteristics. Traditional catalysts may contain heavy metals or other harmful substances, posing potential threats to the environment and human health. PC41 uses non-toxic and harmless organometallic compounds as its main ingredient, which fully meets the requirements of green and environmental protection. In addition, since PC41 can significantly improve the insulation performance of the material, it reduces the energy consumption demand during building operation and indirectly reduces carbon emissions. This dual environmental benefit makes the PC41 ideal for sustainable buildings.

Summary of technical advantages

Technical Features Specific manifestations
Improving the closed porosity and airtightness By optimizing the foaming process, a uniform closed-cell structure is generated, which enhances airtightness and reduces heat conduction.
Reduce thermal conductivity Form a crosslinking network structure to reduce molecular vibration propagation, while reducing the influence of moisture, and further improve thermal insulation performance.
Enhance mechanical strength and durability Promote the formation of dense network structures, enhance compressive strength and impact resistance, and extend the service life of the material.
Environmental and Sustainability Use non-toxic and harmless ingredients, meet the requirements of green and environmental protection, and at the same time reduces energy consumption in building operations and reduces carbon emissions.

To sum up, the polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41 has successfully achieved a comprehensive improvement in the thermal insulation performance of building materials through various technological innovations. Whether from the perspective of microstructure optimization or macro performance improvement, PC41 can be regarded as an “all-round player” in the field of building materials. Next, we will further explore its specific performance in practical applications.

Practical case analysis: The application effect of PC41 in building thermal insulation

In order to more intuitively demonstrate the practical application value of the polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41, we can refer to several successful cases at home and abroad. These cases cover different scenarios from residential to commercial buildings, demonstrating the significant effect of PC41 in improving thermal insulation performance.

Case 1: A high-rise apartment building renovation project in Berlin, Germany

In a high-rise apartment building renovation project in Berlin, the owner chose to use polyurethane foam containing PC41 as the exterior wall insulation material. According to later monitoring data, the building’s indoor temperature rose by an average of 2-3 degrees Celsius in winter, while in summer, it effectively reduces indoor temperature fluctuations. This result not only significantly improves living comfort, but also greatly reduces energy consumption in heating and cooling systems. It is estimated that this measure alone can save about 20% of energy costs per year.

Case 2: A large shopping center in Shanghai, China

In a large shopping center in Shanghai, polyurethane insulation board containing PC41 was used for insulation of the roof and walls. After the completion of the project, the operating time of the air conditioning system in the mall was significantly shortened, especially during the hot summer months, the indoor temperature was always maintained within a comfortable range. In addition, since PC41 promotes the uniform foaming and closed-cell structure formation of the material, the sound insulation effect of the entire building has also been significantly improved, providing customers with a quieter shopping environment.

Case 3: Expansion project of a hospital in Chicago, USA

A Chicago hospital selected polyurethane insulation containing PC41 in the expansion project. Because hospitals have extremely high environmental control requirements, especially in areas such as operating rooms and intensive care units, it is necessary to ensure constant temperature and humidity throughout the year. By using thermal insulation materials prepared by PC41 catalyst, the hospital successfully achieved these demanding requirements while significantly reducing the air conditioning systemMaintenance costs. More importantly, the environmentally friendly properties of this material also meet the hospital’s high standards for health and safety.

Achievement data summary

Project name Location Main application areas The improvement of thermal insulation performance Energy saving ratio
Renovation of high-rise apartment buildings in Berlin Berlin, Germany Exterior wall +25% 20%
Shanghai Shopping Center Shanghai, China Roofs and walls +30% 25%
Chicago Hospital Expansion Project Chicago, USA Roofs and walls +28% 22%

These practical cases not only verify the effectiveness of PC41 in improving the thermal insulation performance of building materials, but also demonstrate its wide application potential in different climatic conditions and use scenarios. Through these successful application examples, we can see that the PC41 not only meets the demand for high-performance insulation materials in modern buildings, but also makes positive contributions to achieving energy conservation and emission reduction goals.

The market prospects and future prospects of PC41

As the global emphasis on green buildings and sustainable development continues to deepen, the polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41 is gradually becoming a high-profile focus in the building materials industry. Its outstanding performance in improving thermal insulation performance not only meets current market demand, but also paves the way for future construction technology innovation. So, what potential does PC41 have in its future development? How will it lead the industry’s changes?

1. Technological innovation promotes performance upgrades

At present, the research and development of PC41 is still deepening, and scientists are exploring how to further optimize its catalytic efficiency and scope of application. For example, by introducing nanotechnology, researchers hope to develop more efficient catalyst formulations that enable better results for PC41 at lower doses. In addition, for application needs in special environments, such as extreme cold areas or high temperature and high humidity climates, the customized PC41 version is also available.Under development. These technological innovations will further expand the application field of PC41, so that it can perform well in various complex environments.

2. Market demand drives growth

According to industry analysis reports, the global building energy-saving market is expected to maintain an average annual growth rate of more than 6% in the next ten years, and high-performance thermal insulation materials, as an important part of this, have naturally become a competition for major manufacturers to make arrangements. Key areas. With its unique performance advantages, PC41 has attracted the attention of many companies. Many internationally renowned building materials suppliers have begun to incorporate it into their core product lines and plan to launch a range of new thermal insulation solutions based on PC41. It can be foreseen that as market demand continues to expand, the market share of PC41 will also usher in rapid growth.

3. Environmental protection regulations help promote

On a global scale, more and more countries and regions are beginning to implement strict building energy conservation standards and environmental protection regulations. For example, the EU’s Building Energy Efficiency Directive requires that all new buildings must meet the near-zero energy consumption standard, and China’s Green Building Evaluation Standard also puts forward clear requirements for the energy-saving performance of buildings. The introduction of these policies undoubtedly provides PC41 with broad market opportunities. As an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, PC41 can not only help construction companies meet regulatory requirements, but also bring significant cost advantages to it. Therefore, PC41 is expected to become the preferred technology in compliance solutions in the construction industry in the next few years.

4. Expansion of emerging application fields

In addition to the traditional field of building insulation, PC41 is expected to find new use in other emerging fields. For example, in cold chain logistics, PC 41 can be used to manufacture thermal insulation materials for high-performance refrigerated cars, thereby extending food transport time and reducing energy consumption; in the aerospace field, PC 41 can be used to produce lightweight composite materials to meet the needs of Aircraft and satellite demand for high-strength, low-weight materials. In addition, with the development of smart buildings and Internet of Things technology, PC41 can also be combined with sensors and other intelligent devices to achieve the function of dynamically adjusting building insulation performance.

5. Domestic and foreign cooperation promotes industry development

It is worth noting that the technology research and development and promotion of PC41 cannot be separated from international cooperation and exchanges. In recent years, Chinese companies’ technical level in the field of polyurethane materials has been continuously improved, and their cooperation with developed countries in Europe and the United States has become increasingly close. Through joint research and development and resource sharing, enterprises from various countries can break through technical bottlenecks faster and promote the full popularization of PC41-related technologies. At the same time, the huge potential of the domestic market also provides broad development space for foreign companies, creating a win-win situation.

Summary and Outlook

In general, the polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 has unlimited possibilities in its future development. From technological innovation to market demand, from policy support to emerging applications, every link is inInject motivation into its growth. It can be foreseen that in the near future, PC41 will become an important force in promoting the transformation of the construction industry to green and intelligent, creating a more comfortable and energy-saving living environment for mankind.

Conclusion: The far-reaching impact and future development of polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41

Through the in-depth discussion of this article, it is not difficult to find that the polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41 is not only a technological innovation, but also an important driving force for promoting the construction industry toward greening and intelligentization. With its excellent catalytic performance and wide application potential, it opens up new paths for the improvement of thermal insulation performance of building materials. From chemical reactions at the micro level to architectural applications at the macro level, PC41 has demonstrated its irreplaceable value and has become an indispensable and key role in the field of modern architecture.

Looking forward, with the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous growth of market demand, PC41 is expected to show its potential in more fields. From cold chain logistics to aerospace, from smart homes to new energy development, every technological breakthrough will open up a new world for the application of PC41. At the same time, the global high attention to environmental protection and sustainable development will also provide more policy support and market opportunities for the promotion of PC41. It can be said that PC41 is not only a “star product” in the field of building materials, but also an important force leading industry changes.

In short, the polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41 is profoundly changing our lifestyle and architectural philosophy with its unique properties and wide applicability. It not only brings us a more comfortable and energy-saving living environment, but also provides strong support for achieving the global green building goal. Let us look forward to that in the future development, PC41 will continue to write its glorious chapters and contribute to the sustainable development of human society.

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/2-dimethylamineethanol/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/ niax-a-99-strongly-foaming-tertiary-amine-catalyst-momentive/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dabco-ne210-balance-catalyst-ne210 -dabco-amine-catalyst/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com /archives/526

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/611

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/pc-cat-api-catalyst-n-3- aminopropylimidazole-nitro/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/44215

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/39811

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dabco-ne1060-catalyst-cas10046-12-1-evonik-germany/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/4-1.jpg

Application of polyurethane trimerized catalyst PC41 in furniture manufacturing: an innovative solution to optimize surface treatment process

2月 21st, 2025 News

Polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41: The “behind the scenes” in furniture manufacturing

In the field of modern furniture manufacturing, polyurethane materials have become one of the indispensable core materials due to their excellent performance and wide applicability. Among them, the polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41, as a key role in promoting the reaction process, is known as the “behind the scenes” in furniture surface treatment technology. It not only can significantly improve the curing efficiency of polyurethane coatings, but also imparts better mechanical properties, weather resistance and aesthetics to the final product. From dining tables to sofas, from bookshelf to bedside tables, the application of this catalyst has been deeply integrated into our daily lives.

However, for many, the PC41 may still be an unfamiliar name. Although its existence is low-key, its role is crucial. As a highly efficient organometallic compound, PC41 accelerates the crosslinking process of polyurethane coatings by promoting trimerization between isocyanate groups (-NCO) and polyols or water molecules. This process not only shortens the production cycle and reduces energy consumption, but also makes the furniture surface smoother and more wear-resistant, thus meeting consumers’ pursuit of high-quality life.

This article will use easy-to-understand language, combined with rich cases and data, to deeply explore the application of PC41 in furniture manufacturing and its innovative solutions to optimize surface treatment processes. We will not only introduce the basic principles and characteristics of PC41, but also compare and analyze the performance of different catalysts to reveal its advantages in actual production. At the same time, the article will combine new research results at home and abroad to provide readers with a comprehensive and practical technical guide to help everyone better understand how this magical chemical additive can shape the future of modern furniture manufacturing.

Whether you are an industry practitioner or an ordinary consumer interested in furniture manufacturing, this article will open a door to the integration of science and art for you. Let’s walk into the world of PC41 together and explore how it can bring new vitality to the surface of furniture!

Analysis of the characteristics and functions of PC41 catalyst

1. Chemical structure and working principle

PC41 catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst based on organotin compounds, whose core components usually contain dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) or other similar active substances. These compounds have a unique chemical structure that enables the formation of stable intermediates with isocyanate groups (-NCO) through coordination, thereby significantly reducing the activation energy required for the reaction. Specifically, PC41 plays a catalytic role through the following mechanisms:

  1. Promote trimerization reaction: PC41 can accelerate trimerization between isocyanate molecules and generate a polyurethane network structure with higher crosslinking density. This process not only improves the hardness and wear resistance of the coating, but also enhances the product’s scratch resistance.
  2. Regulate the reaction rate: Compared with traditional catalysts, PC41 can maintain good activity over a wide temperature range while avoiding the generation of by-products caused by excessively rapid reactions. This controllability makes it particularly suitable for furniture surface treatment under complex process conditions.
  3. Improving physical properties: By optimizing the degree of crosslinking, PC41 helps to improve the flexibility, adhesion and chemical corrosion resistance of the coating, making the furniture surface more durable.

2. Detailed explanation of key parameters

In order to understand the performance characteristics of PC41 more intuitively, the following are some important parameters and their significance of this catalyst:

parameter name Typical value range Function Description
Appearance Light yellow to amber liquid The clear and transparent appearance facilitates the observation of mixing uniformity and reduces operational errors.
Density (g/cm³) 1.05-1.10 Affects the dispersion and stability of the catalyst in the system. Too high or too low may lead to uneven distribution.
Active content (wt%) ?98% determines the actual performance of the catalyst, and high purity helps to improve reaction efficiency and reduce impurity interference.
Viscosity (mPa·s) 10-30 Lower viscosity is conducive to adequate mixing with other raw materials, avoiding the problem of incomplete local reactions caused by insufficient stirring.
pH value 6.5-7.5 A neutral, weakly alkaline pH environment prevents corrosion to sensitive materials while ensuring good compatibility with other chemicals.

3. Comparative analysis with traditional catalysts

Although there are many types of polyurethane catalysts on the market, PC41 stands out with its unique advantages. The following table lists the main performance differences of several common catalysts:

Catalytic Type Reaction rate Stability Cost-effective Application Fields
PC41 Fast and controllable Excellent performance at high temperature High cost-effectiveness Furniture, car interior, paint, etc.
Zinc catalyst Slower Sensitivity to moisture Low price General Industrial Uses
An antimony catalyst Medium Easy to decompose Medium Cost Textile Organization
Titanate Catalyst Extremely fast Short storage period Gaoyang High-end electronic product packaging

As can be seen from the table above, the PC41 performs excellently in terms of reaction rate, stability and cost-effectiveness, especially suitable for furniture manufacturing scenarios that require rapid curing and high performance requirements.

4. Embodiments of advantages in practical applications

Taking a well-known furniture manufacturer as an example, after introducing PC41 catalyst into its production line, the company successfully shortened the time of the coating process by about 30%, while reducing the scrap rate and rework times. In addition, the surface of the furniture treated with PC41 exhibits a higher gloss and flatness, which has won wide praise from consumers. These achievements fully demonstrate the strong strength of PC41 in optimizing furniture surface treatment processes.

To sum up, PC41 catalyst plays a crucial role in the field of furniture manufacturing due to its outstanding chemical properties and versatility. Next, we will further explore how to use this technology to achieve innovative upgrades in the surface treatment process.

Innovative surface treatment process: PC41 helps a new era of furniture manufacturing

As consumers continue to improve their furniture quality requirements, traditional surface treatment methods have gradually been unable to meet market demand. Against this background, an innovative surface treatment process using PC41 catalyst came into being, bringing revolutionary changes to furniture manufacturing. This approach not only improves production efficiency, but also greatly improves the appearance and durability of furniture. Below, we will discuss in detail the specific steps of this process and its significant advantages.

First, the PC41 catalyst is added precisely to the polyurethane coating, forming a highly active chemical mixture with it. The key to this step is to control the proportion of the catalyst, usually between one thousandth and five thousandth, to ensure a good reaction effect without producing unnecessary by-products. The mixture is then evenly sprayed or brushed on the furniture surface. Because of PC41’s efficient catalytic action, the isocyanate groups in the coating quickly trimerize with moisture or other reactants in the air to form a solid polyurethane coating.

The highlight of this process lies in its dual improvement in speed and quality. Traditional methods can take hours or even a day to cure the coating, and with the use of PC41 catalyst, this time is greatly reduced to within a few minutes. This means that the factory can significantly increase daily output and reduce operating costs. For example, after introducing this process, a large furniture manufacturer increased its production line efficiency by nearly 40%, saving up to hundreds of thousands of dollars a year.

In addition to the improvement of efficiency, PC41 catalyst also brings a leap in quality. The formed polyurethane coating is not only harder, but also has excellent wear and scratch resistance. Experimental data show that the lifespan of furniture surfaces treated with PC41 has been increased by at least twice in standard wear tests. In addition, this coating can effectively resist ultraviolet radiation and chemical erosion, allowing furniture to maintain long-lasting freshness and gloss. This is especially important for outdoor furniture, as they are often exposed to harsh weather conditions.

In addition, the application of PC41 catalyst also promotes the realization of environmental protection goals. Due to the rapid and thorough reaction rate, emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are reduced, which has positive impacts on environmental protection and workers’ health. In fact, many companies that adopt this process have obtained relevant green certifications, further enhancing their market competitiveness.

In short, innovative surface treatment processes driven by PC41 catalyst are redefining the standards of furniture manufacturing. It not only improves production efficiency and product quality, but also contributes to sustainable development. In the following sections, we will explore in-depth how to adjust the specific parameters of this process according to different furniture types and materials to achieve the best results.

Fine adjustment of process parameters: personalized solutions that adapt to different furniture materials

Just as each instrument has its own unique tone, different furniture materials also require tailor-made surface treatment to show its best condition. When using PC41 catalyst for surface treatment, we need to carefully adjust a series of key parameters for the three main furniture materials: wood, metal and plastic to ensure that the quality and performance of the final product reaches an excellent level. The following is a specific adjustment strategy and example analysis for each material.

Optimization of wood surface treatment

Wood is loved by consumers for its natural beauty and warm touch, but it is susceptible to humidity and temperature during surface treatment. Therefore, when using PC41 catalyst to treat wood furniture, the focus is on controlling the coating thickness and drying time. The ideal coating thickness should be between 20 and 30 microns, which ensures sufficient protective layer without covering up the natural texture of the wood. As for drying time, considering the moisture absorption characteristics of the wood, it is recommended to set the curing temperature to 40.Dry at a constant temperature between °C and 60°C and keep it at a constant temperature for 20 to 30 minutes. For example, a company focusing on the production of solid wood furniture successfully increased the surface hardness by 25% through the above parameter adjustments, while retaining the original texture of the wood.

Challenges and Countermeasures for Metal Surface Treatment

Metal furniture is known for its sturdy and durability, but special attention should be paid to prevent the coating from peeling and corrosion during surface treatment. To this end, it is recommended to first perform a slight grinding and cleaning of the metal surface to enhance the adhesion of the coating when using the PC41 catalyst. The catalyst concentration was then slightly increased to about 4/1000 and baked at high temperatures immediately after spraying, with a temperature range of 80°C to 100°C for a duration of about 15 minutes. This high-temperature rapid curing strategy not only improves the tightness of the coating, but also effectively prevents external moisture from invading and extends the service life of the furniture. After adopting this method, a company that produces stainless steel furniture found that its products’ corrosion resistance performance in salt spray testing has increased by more than 40%.

Special requirements for plastic surface treatment

Plastic furniture is popular for its lightweight and diverse design choices, but it has relatively smooth surfaces and poor coating adhesion. To solve this problem, it is recommended to use corona or flame treatment on the plastic surface before using the PC41 catalyst to increase surface roughness and polarity. Then, the catalyst concentration is controlled at about 3/1000 and a low-temperature curing method (30°C to 50°C) is adopted to avoid deformation of the plastic substrate at high temperature. Through such process improvements, a company focusing on injection molding furniture not only improves the adhesion of the coating, but also achieves accurate color reduction, making the product more attractive in the market.

Example comparison and summary

In order to more intuitively display the effects of different material processing parameters, we can refer to the following table:

Material Type Coating thickness (?m) Currecting temperature (°C) Currecting time(min) Catalytic concentration (wt%) Main improvement points
Timber 20-30 40-60 20-30 0.1-0.3 Enhance hardness and retain natural texture
Metal 30-40 80-100 15 0.3-0.4 Enhance adhesion and improve corrosion resistance
Plastic 15-25 30-50 25-30 0.2-0.3 Improve adhesion and achieve accurate color restoration

Through the above parameter adjustment, the PC41 catalyst can not only adapt to the unique needs of various furniture materials, but also ensure efficient production while significantly improving product quality and market competitiveness. This is the charm of technological innovation in modern furniture manufacturing.

Progress and development trends at home and abroad: The future path of PC41 catalyst

With the continuous advancement of global technology, the application of PC41 catalyst in the field of furniture manufacturing has also ushered in new opportunities and challenges. In recent years, domestic and foreign research institutions and enterprises have invested a lot of resources to develop more efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst formulas and supporting processes. These efforts not only broaden the scope of application of PC41, but also lay a solid foundation for it to compete in future markets.

Domestic research trends

In China, the Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University and several well-known companies jointly launched a research project called “Intelligent Catalysis Technology”, aiming to improve the microstructure of PC41 catalyst through nanotechnology and further improve its catalytic efficiency and selection sex. Preliminary experimental results show that the modified PC41 catalyst can initiate the reaction at lower temperatures while significantly reducing the generation of by-products. This breakthrough is expected to significantly reduce energy consumption and provide furniture manufacturing companies with more flexible production solutions.

At the same time, the School of Materials Science and Engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University is focusing on exploring the synergistic effects of PC41 catalyst and new functional coatings. They proposed a “double-layer composite coating” design that combines PC41-catalyzed polyurethane coating with nanomaterials containing antibacterial or self-healing functions, thus giving furniture surfaces additional functional properties. At present, this technology has been tried in some high-end furniture brands, and user feedback is generally good.

International Frontier Exploration

Looking at the international level, a recent research report released by the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany pointed out that by introducing bio-based raw materials to replace traditional petroleum-based polyols and using PC41 catalysts, both environmentally friendly can be prepared Polyurethane coating with high performance. This new coating not only complies with the strict EU ecological standards, but also demonstrates superior mechanical properties and weather resistance. It is estimated that if such technologies are promoted on a large scale, the global furniture manufacturing industry’s carbon emissions are expected to drop by about 15%.

In addition, an interdisciplinary team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is studying the optimization of the formulation design of PC41 catalysts using machine learning algorithms. Through massive experimental dataThrough in-depth analysis, they successfully predicted several potential high-performance catalyst combinations and verified the feasibility of one of the solutions. This method based on artificial intelligence greatly shortens the R&D cycle and provides a new idea for the rapid development of catalyst technology in the future.

Future development direction

Combining the research results at home and abroad, we can foresee that the future development trend of PC41 catalyst will mainly focus on the following aspects:

  1. Intelligence and Automation: With the advent of the Industry 4.0 era, furniture manufacturing will rely more on intelligent equipment and technology. The research and development direction of PC41 catalyst will also move towards intelligence, such as developing intelligent catalyst systems that can monitor the reaction process in real time and automatically adjust parameters.

  2. Green and Environmental Protection: In the context of global advocacy of sustainable development, the development of low-toxic and degradable PC41 alternatives will become a research hotspot. In addition, reducing waste emissions through improved production processes is also one of the important issues.

  3. Multifunctional Integration: The surface of the future furniture is no longer just a protective layer, but an intelligent interface with multiple functions. PC41 catalyst will be one of the core technologies to support the implementation of these functions, such as antibacterial, anti-fouling, heat insulation, etc.

  4. Personalized Customization: As consumer needs become increasingly diversified, furniture manufacturing companies need to provide more diverse product choices. The flexibility and adjustability of PC41 catalysts make it an ideal tool for personalized customization.

In short, PC41 catalyst is standing at the forefront of technological innovation and leading the trend of change in the furniture manufacturing industry. Whether at home or abroad, researchers are actively exploring its infinite possibilities, striving to bring its potential to the extreme. I believe that in the near future, we will witness more amazing breakthroughs and achievements.

Conclusion: The far-reaching impact and beautiful vision of PC41 catalyst

Looking through the whole text, PC41 catalyst has shown an irreplaceable and important position in the field of furniture manufacturing with its unique chemical characteristics and excellent catalytic properties. From basic theory to practical application, from process optimization to future prospects, we have witnessed how this small catalyst quietly changes the face of the entire industry. It not only improves production efficiency and reduces costs, but also brings unprecedented high quality standards to furniture surface treatment. More importantly, the successful application of PC41 demonstrates the huge potential of science and technology in promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.

Looking forward, with the continuous emergence of new materials and new technologies, the application prospects of PC41 catalyst will be broader. noneWhether it is the deep-seated concept of green environmental protection or the vigorous development of intelligent manufacturing, it provides unlimited possibilities for this catalyst. We have reason to believe that with the joint efforts of scientific researchers and industry practitioners, PC41 will continue to write its legendary chapters and create a better living environment for mankind. Let us look forward to this seemingly ordinary but magical catalyst will shine even more dazzlingly on the future furniture manufacturing stage!

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/1015

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/43994

Extended reading: https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/45153

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/cas-127-08-2/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/45181

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/nt-cat-k15-catalyst-cas3164-85- 0-newtopchem/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/43987

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/1776

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ 1-8.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dabco-ne300-dabco-foaming -catalyst-polyurethane-foaming-catalyst-ne300/

Polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41 for automotive interior materials: a secret formula for enhancing comfort and aesthetics

2月 21st, 2025 News

Introduction: Exploring the source of comfort and beauty of car interior

In the modern automobile industry, car interior is not only an important part of the driving experience, but also a core reflection of vehicle quality and brand value. Just imagine, when you sit in a luxury car, do soft seats, delicate dashboards and comfortable door panels make you feel an unparalleled comfort? Behind all this, a magical chemical substance – polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 is inseparable. It is like a “magic” in car interior materials, giving the material unique properties through catalytic reactions, making the interior space of the car both comfortable and beautiful.

Polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 is a high-performance catalyst specially used to promote the trimerization reaction of polyurethane (PU) materials. This reaction can significantly improve the physical properties of the material, such as flexibility, durability and anti-aging capabilities, while also optimizing its appearance texture. In the field of automotive interiors, the PC41 is widely used, from seat foam to dashboard coverings to ceiling pads, and its figure is almost everywhere. By precisely controlling the reaction conditions, PC41 can make the polyurethane material exhibit ideal elasticity, hardness and surface gloss, thereby meeting the needs in different scenarios.

This article will dive into how the PC41 becomes a secret formula for automotive interior materials and reveal its unique role in enhancing comfort and aesthetics. We will use easy-to-understand language combined with vivid metaphors to lead readers to understand the working principle of this high-tech chemical and its practical application effect. In addition, we will also quote authoritative domestic and foreign literature and combine specific case analysis to present readers with a comprehensive and rich popular science lecture. Whether you are an engineer interested in automotive interior design or an ordinary reader who is simply curious about how technology changes life, this article will unveil the mystery of the polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41.

Next, let’s walk into this wonderful chemical world together and explore how the PC41 injects soul-like vitality into the interior of the car!

The chemical characteristics and working principle of polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41

Polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 is a special organic compound whose core function is to promote the trimerization reaction between polyurethane molecules. To understand its mechanism of action, we first need to understand the basic structure and formation process of polyurethane. Polyurethane is a macromolecular compound produced by condensation reaction of isocyanate and polyol, and has excellent mechanical properties and versatility. However, unmodified polyurethanes often have problems with insufficient strength or poor heat resistance. At this time, PC41 appears like a “chemical commander” to guide the polyurethane molecules to undergo trimerization, thereby greatly improving its performance.

Mechanism of action of PC41

The main component of PC41 is a highly efficient amine catalyst with specific functional groups in its molecular structure that can be combined with isocyanate groups (-NCO) Selective action occurs. Simply put, PC41 accelerates the trimerization reaction between isocyanates by reducing the reaction activation energy, forming a stable six-membered ring structure – isocyanurate. This process not only enhances the crosslinking density of polyurethane, but also imparts higher heat resistance and mechanical strength to the material.

To illustrate this more intuitively, we can use reinforced concrete on the construction site to give an example. If polyurethane molecules are regarded as scattered cement particles, then PC41 is like a worker tying steel bars. Through clever operation, it closely connects the originally loose cement particles to form a solid overall structure. It is this “reinforced concrete” molecular network that allows polyurethane materials to have excellent performance.

Chemical reaction process

The specific chemical equations of polyurethane trimerization reaction are as follows:

[ 3 text{R-NCO} + text{catalyst (PC41)} rightarrow text{R}_3text{N-CO-NH-CO-NH-CO-N} ]

In this process, PC41 does not directly participate in the composition of the end product, but acts as a medium to lower the energy threshold required for the reaction. It briefly binds to the isocyanate group to form an active intermediate, which then releases new isocyanate molecules, which continue to react with other molecules. The whole process is like a relay race, with the PC41 acting as a torch passing through, ensuring that the response is completed quickly and efficiently.

Key points of performance improvement

Through PC41-catalyzed trimerization reaction, polyurethane materials have been significantly improved in the following aspects:

  1. Heat resistance: Due to the formation of a stable isocyanurate ring structure, the heat resistance temperature of the polyurethane material can be increased to above 200?.
  2. Mechanical Strength: Higher cross-linking density makes the material tougher and less likely to crack or deform.
  3. Dimensional stability: The material can maintain good shape and size even in high temperature or high humidity environments.
  4. Environmentality: Compared with traditional crosslinking agents, PC41 has lower volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions, meeting the requirements of modern green manufacturing.

Advantages in practical applications

In the field of automotive interiors, these performance improvements are particularly important. For example, when producing seat foam, using PC41 can ensure that the material remains soft and does not easily collapse after a long period of use; while when manufacturing dash covers, PC41 can help achieve a smooth and delicate surface texture while enhancing it Anti-UV agingability. It can be said that PC41 not only improves the practicality of the material, but also brings higher aesthetic value to it.

Through the above introduction, we can see that the polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 is not just a simple chemical additive, but a key player that can profoundly affect the characteristics of the material. Its mechanism of action and performance improvements bring infinite possibilities for the design and manufacturing of automotive interior materials. Next, we will further explore the specific performance of PC41 in practical applications and how it can help the car interior achieve higher comfort and aesthetics.

PC41 in automotive interior materials: a perfect blend of comfort and beauty

In the world of automotive interior materials, the polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41 plays an indispensable role, especially in improving the performance of key components such as seats, dashboards and ceilings. Through catalytic reactions, PC41 not only improves the physical properties of these materials, but also gives them a unique touch and visual aesthetic, which greatly enhances the comfort experience of the driver and passengers.

Seat Material: The Art of Balance between Soft and Support

Seats are parts of the interior of the car that directly contact the human body, so the selection and treatment of their materials are crucial. Polyurethane foam is widely used in car seats for its excellent elasticity and comfort. However, regular polyurethane foam may lose elasticity over time, causing the seat to become hard or collapse. At this time, the role of PC41 is particularly important. By promoting trimerization, PC41 increases the cross-linking density of the foam material, making it more stable when under pressure while maintaining good rebound. This means that even after long-term use, the seats can still provide the right amount of support and softness, making every long-distance driving a treat.

Dashboard material: the perfect combination of elegance and durability

As one of the main elements within the driver’s line of sight, the instrument panel directly affects the overall interior atmosphere. Polyurethane coatings are often used for dash surface treatments due to their wear resistance, scratch resistance and easy to clean. However, traditional coatings may soften or deform at high temperatures, which obviously does not meet the requirements of Hyundai’s high-quality interiors. PC41 significantly improves the heat resistance and dimensional stability of the coating by catalyzing trimerization, allowing the instrument panel to maintain a smooth and bright appearance even in hot summer days. In addition, PC41 can enhance the UV resistance of the coating, effectively delaying aging problems caused by direct sunlight, thereby maintaining the long-term freshness of the instrument panel.

Ceiling Material: The Double Pursuit of Lightness and Luxury

Auto ceilings are usually made of fabric or leather-wrapped foam materials that require good sound insulation, heat insulation and decorative effects. Polyurethane foam is ideal for its low density and high thermal insulation properties. However, to ensure that the ceiling material performs well in all climates, the PC41 shouldUse is also indispensable. By enhancing the crosslinked structure of the foam, the PC41 not only improves the strength and durability of the ceiling material, but also reduces its water absorption and expansion rate, which is crucial to prevent mildew and maintaining the flatness of the ceiling. In addition, the PC41 can also help achieve a finer surface texture, making the ceiling look more refined and upscale.

Comprehensive improvement of comprehensive performance

In general, the polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 significantly improves the various properties of automotive interior materials through catalytic reactions. Whether it is the comfort of the seat, the aesthetics of the dashboard, or the durability of the ceiling, the PC41 plays an important role. It not only solves many problems in traditional materials, but also provides designers with greater creative freedom, allowing the car interior to not only provide the ultimate comfort experience, but also displays pleasant visual effects. Therefore, the PC41 is undoubtedly an indispensable “secret weapon” in modern automobile interior materials.

Market Trends and Future Outlook: The Potential of PC41 in the Automotive Interiors Field

As the global automobile industry moves towards intelligence, electrification and sustainable development, the application prospects of polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41 in the field of automotive interiors are becoming more and more broad. The current market demand for high-performance and environmentally friendly materials is growing. PC41 is gradually becoming the preferred solution in the industry with its excellent catalytic efficiency and green environmental protection attributes. The following will discuss the important position of PC41 in the future development of automotive interior materials from three aspects: technological progress, market demand and policy drive.

Technical advancement: pushing breakthroughs in performance limits

In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in the research and development of polyurethane materials, especially in the balance between functionality and sustainability. As the core catalyst of polyurethane trimerization, PC41 has shown extremely high adaptability while improving material performance. For example, the new generation of PC41 catalyst further reduces the reaction activation energy by optimizing the molecular structure, so that the trimerization reaction can be carried out efficiently at lower temperatures. This not only saves energy costs, but also broadens its application range in thermally sensitive materials. In addition, the improved version of PC41 also introduces nanoscale dispersion technology, allowing it to show better uniformity and stability in complex formulation systems. These technological advances provide more possibilities for the development of automotive interior materials, such as the development of composite materials with higher strength, lighter weight and more design flexibility.

At the same time, the concept of smart materials is emerging. In the future, PC41 is expected to be combined with conductive polymers or other functional fillers, giving auto interior materials functions such as self-healing, temperature control adjustment and even interactive induction. Imagine that future car seats can not only sense the passenger’s weight distribution and automatically adjust the support force, but also dynamically adjust the surface touch according to the ambient temperature. Such a scenario may not be far away. Behind all this, PC41 will serve as a key catalyst to upgrade the multi-dimensional performance of materials.Set the foundation.

Market demand: Change in consumer preferences

Consumer preferences are profoundly affecting the choice of automotive interior materials. With the improvement of living standards, people’s expectations for car interiors are no longer limited to basic functional needs, but pay more attention to personalization, comfort and environmental protection. According to data from international market research institutions, more than 70% of consumers said they were willing to pay a premium for environmentally friendly interior materials, while another survey showed that 95% of respondents believed that the touch and appearance of interior materials were purchased Important factors in decision-making.

PC41 has a natural advantage in meeting these needs. First, it can significantly improve the touch and appearance of the polyurethane material, making it softer and more delicate while maintaining excellent durability. Secondly, the low VOC emission characteristics of PC41 make it fully in line with the modern consumer’s concern for health and environmental protection. In addition, with the rapid expansion of the electric vehicle market, the application potential of PC41 in lightweight materials has also attracted much attention. Electric vehicles’ pursuit of range has prompted manufacturers to constantly look for lighter and stronger interior materials, and the PC41 just meets this demand by strengthening the mechanical properties of polyurethane.

It is worth noting that the trend of customized services is also promoting the application innovation of PC41. Many high-end car brands have begun offering personalized interior options such as seat materials with optional colors, textures and even scents. The role of PC41 in this field cannot be ignored because it can help achieve complex surface treatment effects while ensuring long-term stability and consistency of materials.

Policy-driven: Regulations lead green transformation

On a global scale, the increasing strictness of environmental protection regulations is accelerating the green transformation of the automotive industry. A series of policies such as the EU REACH regulations, China’s “Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act” and the air quality standards of California, the United States have put forward higher requirements on the environmental protection performance of automotive interior materials. These regulations clearly define VOC emission limits and encourage the use of recyclable or bio-based materials. For auto manufacturers, choosing materials that meet environmental standards is not only a reflection of fulfilling social responsibilities, but also a necessary measure to avoid legal risks.

PC41 shows significant advantages in this regard. As a highly efficient catalyst, it has low toxicity and volatile properties, and can also effectively reduce the generation of by-products in the polyurethane production process. More importantly, the application of PC41 can extend the service life of the material, thereby indirectly reducing resource consumption and waste generation. This “two-pronged” environmental benefits make it an ideal choice for many automakers.

In addition, governments’ support policies for new energy vehicles have also created new opportunities for PC41. For example, the Chinese government plans to achieve a sales share of new energy vehicles of 40% by 2030, while Europe has set a more radical goal of banning the sale of fuel vehicles by 2035. These policies will directly promote innovative research on electric vehicle interior materialsWith its comprehensive advantages in lightweight, high performance and environmental protection, PC41 will undoubtedly play an important role in this process.

Looking forward: The infinite possibilities of PC41

To sum up, the polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 not only occupies an important position in current automotive interior materials, but will also play a greater role in future development. From technological innovation to market demand, and then to policy-driven, every dimension provides a broad stage for it. It can be foreseen that with the continuous emergence of new materials and new processes, PC41 will become an important bridge connecting tradition and the future, helping automotive interior materials move towards an era of more intelligent, environmentally friendly and humanized.

A list of PC41 product parameters: The scientific mysteries behind the data

Polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41 is known for its excellent catalytic performance and widespread application, but before we understand its specific application, we need to master some key technical parameters first. These parameters not only determine the applicability of the PC41 in different scenarios, but also reflect its unique advantages in improving the performance of automotive interior materials. The following are some important parameters about PC41, including physical properties, chemical properties and application properties, presented in tabular form for easy for readers to understand intuitively.

Table 1: PC41 physical properties parameters

parameter name Unit Value Range Description
Appearance – Light yellow transparent liquid High purity liquid state, easy to measure and mix accurately
Density g/cm³ 0.98-1.02 Ensure uniform distribution in the reaction system
Viscosity mPa·s 20-30 Good fluidity at room temperature, suitable for automated production lines
Boiling point °C >200 High boiling point ensures stability during processing

Table 2: PC41 Chemical Properties Parameters

parameter name Unit Value Range Description
Activity content % ?98 Ensure efficient catalytic performance
pH value – 6.5-7.5 Neutral range to avoid corrosion to other materials
VOC content g/L ?5 Compare environmental protection standards and reduce the impact on human health
Heat resistance and stability °C 200 Keep catalytic activity under high temperature conditions

Table 3: PC41 application performance parameters

parameter name Unit Value Range Description
Reaction time min 5-10 Respond quickly to improve production efficiency
Crosslink density improvement rate % 20-30 Sharply enhance the mechanical strength and heat resistance of the material
Dimensional stability % ±1 Deformation control of materials under extreme conditions
UV Anti-UV Index – ?8 Improve the aging resistance of the material

Data Interpretation and Practical Significance

From the above table, it can be seen that the physical properties of PC41 make it very suitable for industrial applications. Its light yellow transparent liquid is convenient for storage and transportation, while moderate viscosity and density ensures its uniform distribution during mixing. In terms of chemical properties, the high activity content and low VOC content of PC41 not only ensure its catalytic efficiency, but also meet strict environmental protection requirements. Especially in terms of heat resistance and stability, the PC41 is particularly outstanding, which makes it particularly suitable for high temperature environments of automotive interior materials.

The application performance parameters further demonstrate the actual advantages of PC41. For example, its short reaction timeAnd the significant crosslink density increase rate means that using PC41 can greatly shorten the production cycle while improving the quality of the material. In addition, the improvement of PC41’s dimensional stability and UV resistance ensures that the car interior can still maintain a good appearance and performance during long-term use.

Through these detailed data, we can clearly see why the PC41 can occupy such an important position in the field of automotive interior materials. These parameters not only reflect the technical superiority of PC41, but also provide a reliable guide for practical applications.

Conclusion: PC41 leads the road to innovation in automotive interior materials

The polyurethane trimer catalyst PC41 is undoubtedly a bright star in the field of interior materials of Hyundai. Through the detailed discussion in this article, we have learned how PC41 can significantly improve the physical properties and aesthetic properties of polyurethane materials through catalytic trimerization. It not only enhances the material’s heat resistance, mechanical strength and dimensional stability, but also gives the car interior a softer and more delicate touch and a lasting aesthetic appearance. Together, these characteristics constitute the core elements of the comfort and aesthetics of the car interior.

Looking forward, with the rapid development of the automobile industry towards intelligence and environmental protection, the application prospects of PC41 are becoming more and more broad. It can help develop lighter, stronger and smarter interior materials to meet consumers’ needs for personalized and high-quality. At the same time, its low VOC emission characteristics also make it fully compliant with increasingly strict environmental regulations around the world, contributing to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals.

In short, the polyurethane trimerization catalyst PC41 is not just a chemical, it is one of the key technologies to promote innovation in automotive interior materials. Through continuous innovation and optimization, PC41 will continue to lead this field towards a more comfortable, beautiful and environmentally friendly direction. Let’s look forward to it bringing more surprises and changes in the future!

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/bis-2-dimethylaminoethyl-ether-ether -exporter/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem .com/archives/category/products/page/6

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads /2022/07/1111.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ 138-3.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/ eterification-catalyst/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/foaming-retarder-c-225/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/39829

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/tertiary-amine-catalyst-dabco-pt303 -catalyst-dabco-pt303/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/44641

Extended reading:https:/ /www.newtopchem.com/archives/97

1•16671668166916701671•2359
Page 1669 of 2359