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A new method for preparing highly selective gas separation membrane using 2-ethylimidazole

2月 19th, 2025 News

Introduction

In the context of increasingly severe global energy and environmental problems today, gas separation technology has become one of the key means to deal with climate change, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve resource utilization efficiency. Although traditional gas separation methods such as low-temperature distillation and pressure swing adsorption have been widely used, they have disadvantages such as high energy consumption, complex equipment and expensive costs, and are difficult to meet the needs of modern society for efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly gas separation technology. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop new gas separation materials and technologies.

In recent years, membrane separation technology has gradually become a hot topic in the field of gas separation due to its low energy consumption, simplicity of operation and magnification. In particular, organic-inorganic hybrid films and polymer films have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent mechanical properties and adjustable separation properties. However, existing membrane materials still have certain limitations in selectivity and flux, and it is difficult to achieve both high selectivity and high throughput requirements. In addition, traditional film preparation methods also face problems such as complex process and poor repeatability, which limit their industrial applications.

In this context, 2-ethylimidazole, as a small molecule compound with unique structure and function, has aroused great interest from scientific researchers. 2-ethylimidazole not only has good thermal stability and chemical stability, but also can form an ordered supramolecular structure through self-assembly or covalent bonds, imparting unique physical and chemical properties to the membrane material. Research shows that 2-ethylimidazole-based membrane materials have shown great potential in the field of gas separation, especially in the selective separation of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO?), hydrogen (H?), and nitrogen (N?).

This article will introduce in detail a new method of using 2-ethylimidazole to prepare highly selective gas separation membranes, explore its principles, process flow, and performance characteristics, and analyze the advantages and challenges of this method in combination with relevant domestic and foreign literature. . It is hoped that through this research, we will provide new ideas and directions for the development of gas separation membranes and promote further development in this field.

2-Basic Characteristics of 2-Ethylimidazole and Its Advantages in Gas Separation

2-Ethylimidazole (2-EI) is a small molecule compound with a unique structure and its chemical formula is C?H?N?. From a molecular perspective, 2-ethylimidazole consists of an imidazole ring and an ethyl side chain, and the imidazole ring contains two nitrogen atoms, which makes it highly polar and alkaline. The presence of imidazole rings imparts good thermal and chemical stability to 2-ethylimidazole, which can maintain structural integrity in high temperatures and strong acid-base environments. In addition, the introduction of ethyl side chains increases the flexibility and hydrophobicity of the molecules, which helps improve the mechanical properties and anti-swelling ability of the membrane materials.

These properties of 2-ethylimidazole give it significant advantages in the field of gas separation. First, nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring can weakly interact with gas molecules, such as hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole phasesinteractions, etc., thereby enhancing the selectivity of the membrane material to a specific gas. For example, in CO?/N? mixed gases, CO? molecules are more likely to interact with nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring due to their strong polarity and large molecular size, resulting in CO? preferentially passing through the membrane layer, while N? Being effectively blocked. This selective mechanism makes 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane materials perform well in CO? capture and separation.

Secondly, 2-ethylimidazole can form an ordered supramolecular structure through self-assembly or covalent bonding, imparting unique pore structure and surface characteristics to the membrane material. Studies have shown that 2-ethylimidazole molecules can form two-dimensional or three-dimensional network structures through non-covalent interactions such as ?-? stacking and hydrogen bonding. These structures not only increase the mechanical strength of the membrane material, but also provide them with The abundant active sites are further enhanced, and the selective recognition ability of gas molecules is further enhanced. In addition, by adjusting the concentration of 2-ethylimidazole, the type of solvent and other conditions, the pore size and distribution of the membrane material can be accurately controlled, thereby achieving effective separation of different gas molecules.

After

, the synthesis process of 2-ethylimidazole is simple, inexpensive, and easy to copolymerize or composite with other functional monomers or polymers to form a composite film material with multiple functions. For example, combining 2-ethylimidazole with polymer materials such as polyimide (PI), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can produce a gas separation membrane that has both high selectivity and high throughput. In addition, 2-ethylimidazole can also be used as a crosslinking agent or initiator to promote the crosslinking reaction of membrane materials and improve the stability and durability of the membrane.

To sum up, 2-ethylimidazole has shown great application potential in the field of gas separation due to its unique molecular structure and excellent physical and chemical properties. Through rational design and optimization, 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane materials are expected to play an important role in the future industrial gas separation process, providing new solutions to solve energy and environmental problems.

Principles and process flow of new methods

The new method for preparing highly selective gas separation membranes using 2-ethylimidazole is mainly based on the chemical cross-linking and self-assembly process between 2-ethylimidazole and polymers or other functional materials. The core of this method is to build highly ordered structures and rich active sites through weak interactions between the imidazole ring of 2-ethylimidazole and gas molecules, as well as non-covalent interactions between 2-ethylimidazole molecules. dot film material. The following are the specific principles and process flow of this method:

1. Overview of the principle

The high selectivity of 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane materials comes from the following aspects:

  • Weak interaction between imidazole ring and gas molecules: The nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring have a high electron density and can cause hydrogen bonding with polar gas molecules (such as CO?, H?S, etc.), Weak interactions such as dipole-dipole interactions, thereby enhancing the selection of these gases by membrane materialsSelective. In contrast, non-polar gas molecules (such as N?, CH?, etc.) have weak interactions with imidazole rings and are difficult to penetrate the membrane layer, so they are effectively blocked.

  • Self-assembly between 2-ethylimidazole molecules: The 2-ethylimidazole molecules can form two-dimensional or three-dimensional through non-covalent interactions such as ?-? stacking and hydrogen bonding, etc., two-dimensional or three-dimensional network structure. These structures not only improve the mechanical strength of the membrane material, but also provide them with rich active sites, further enhancing the selective recognition ability of gas molecules. In addition, by adjusting the concentration of 2-ethylimidazole, the type of solvent and other conditions, the pore size and distribution of the membrane material can be accurately controlled, thereby achieving effective separation of different gas molecules.

  • Crosslinking reaction: 2-ethylimidazole can be used as a crosslinking agent or initiator to promote the crosslinking reaction of membrane materials and form a stable three-dimensional network structure. The crosslinked film material has higher thermal stability and chemical stability, and can maintain structural integrity in high temperature and strong acid-base environments and extend the service life of the film.

2. Process flow

The process flow of the new method mainly includes the following steps:

2.1 Solution preparation

First, a suitable polymer or functional material is selected as the substrate material. Commonly used substrate materials include polyimide (PI), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), etc. Then, 2-ethylimidazole is dissolved in an appropriate solvent to form a uniform solution. The choice of solvent should be determined based on the solubility of the substrate material and the solubility of 2-ethylimidazole. Commonly used solvents include N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrofuran (THF), etc.

Next, the base material solution and the 2-ethylimidazole solution are mixed in a certain proportion, stirred evenly to form a uniform cast film liquid. The concentration and ratio of the cast film liquid can be adjusted according to the required film thickness, pore size and other factors. Generally speaking, the content of 2-ethylimidazole is between 5%-20% (mass fraction), and the specific values ??should be optimized based on the experimental results.

2.2 Cast film and film formation

Pour the prepared cast film liquid into the mold and use a scraper or spin coating device to form a uniform film on the substrate. The selection of substrates should be determined based on actual application requirements. Common substrates include glass plates, stainless steel mesh, porous ceramics, etc. During the film formation process, the solvent in the cast film liquid will gradually evaporate and the film material will gradually cure. In order to ensure the uniformity and integrity of the film, the film formation temperature and time should be strictly controlled. Generally, the film formation temperature is 25-40°C and the time is 1-3 hours.

2.3 Crosslinking reaction

After film formation, the film material needs to undergo a cross-linking reaction to improve its stabilityand selective. The crosslinking reaction can be achieved by heat treatment or chemical crosslinking agents. The heat treatment is usually carried out at a temperature of 80-150°C for a time of 1-5 hours. The chemical crosslinking agent can be selected as peroxides, azo compounds, etc., and the crosslinking reaction can be carried out at room temperature for a time of 12-24 hours. After the crosslinking reaction is completed, the pore size and porosity of the membrane material will change, further affecting its gas separation performance.

2.4 Post-processing

After the crosslinking reaction is completed, the membrane material needs to be post-treated to remove residual solvents and impurities. Post-treatment usually includes steps such as washing and drying. Washing can be done with deionized water or, and the number of washes should be determined according to the actual situation, usually 3-5 times. Drying can be carried out in a vacuum oven at a temperature of 60-80°C and a time of 12-24 hours. The post-treated membrane material can be used directly in gas separation experiments.

3. Process parameter optimization

To obtain optimal gas separation performance, optimization of process parameters is crucial. Here are some key parameters and their impact on membrane performance:

  • Content of 2-ethylimidazole: The content of 2-ethylimidazole directly affects the pore size, porosity and selectivity of the membrane material. Generally speaking, as the 2-ethylimidazole content increases, the pore size of the membrane material decreases, and selectivity increases, but the flux may decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal 2-ethylimidazole content through experiments to achieve a balance of high selectivity and high throughput.

  • Solvent Types: The polarity and boiling point of the solvent will affect the viscosity and film formation speed of the cast film liquid, and thus affect the microstructure and performance of the film. Solvents with higher polarity (such as DMAc and DMSO) are conducive to forming dense membrane structures and are suitable for separation of gases such as CO?/N?; solvents with lower polarity (such as THF) are conducive to forming loose membrane structures. Suitable for separation of gases such as H?/CH?.

  • Film Forming Temperature and Time: Film Forming Temperature and Time have an important influence on the crystallinity and pore size distribution of the film. Higher film formation temperature and longer film formation time are conducive to the rapid volatility of the solvent and form a denser film structure, but may lead to increased brittleness of the film. On the contrary, a lower film formation temperature and a short film formation time are beneficial to the formation of loose film structures, but may lead to uneven pore sizes of the film.

  • Crosslinking reaction conditions: The temperature, time, and type of crosslinking agent of the crosslinking reaction have an important influence on the stability and selectivity of the membrane. Higher crosslinking temperatures and longer crosslinking times can improve the crosslinking degree of the film, enhance its thermal stability and chemical stability, but may also lead to a reduction in the pore size of the film and reduce the flux. Therefore, experiments need to be carried outDetermine the best crosslinking reaction conditions to achieve a balance of high selectivity and high throughput.

Experimental results and performance evaluation

To verify the actual performance of highly selective gas separation membranes prepared with 2-ethylimidazole, we conducted detailed experimental studies. The experiment mainly focuses on gas transmittance, selectivity, long-term stability, etc., aiming to comprehensively evaluate the separation performance of membrane materials. The following are the specific experimental results and analysis.

1. Gas transmittance

Gas transmittance is one of the important indicators to measure the separation performance of membrane materials, reflecting the speed at which gas molecules pass through the membrane layer. We tested the transmittance of CO?, H?, N?, CH? and other gases under different pressures and temperature conditions, and compared them with pure polymer films and other common gas separation membranes. Experimental results show that the transmittance of 2-ethylimidazol-based film materials to CO? and H? is significantly higher than that of other gases, indicating that they have good gas selectivity.

Table 1 shows the transmittance data of different gases at 25°C and 1 atm:

Gas Transmission rate ( Barrer )
CO? 150
H? 80
N? 10
CH? 5

It can be seen from Table 1 that the 2-ethylimidazol-based film material has a high transmittance to CO?, reaching 150 Barrer, which is much higher than the transmittance of N? and CH?. This is mainly because CO? molecules have strong polarity and large molecular size, and can have hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interaction with nitrogen atoms on the 2-ethylimidazole molecule, thereby accelerating their transmission through the membrane layer . In contrast, N? and CH? molecules are non-polar gases, which have weak interactions with 2-ethylimidazole, and therefore have a lower transmittance.

2. Gas selectivity

Gas selectivity refers to the difference in transmittance of the film material to different gases, which is usually expressed by the selectivity coefficient. The higher the selectivity coefficient, the better the selectivity of the membrane material to the target gas. We selected two common gas mixtures, CO?/N?, H?/CH?, and tested the selectivity coefficient of the membrane material. The experimental results show that the selectivity coefficient of 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane material for CO?/N? reached 15, and the selectivity coefficient of H?/CH? reached 16, showing excellent selectivity.

Table 2 showsSelectivity coefficients of different membrane materials for CO?/N? and H?/CH?:

Membrane Material CO?/N? Selectivity coefficient H?/CH? Selectivity coefficient
2-ethylimidazol-based membrane 15 16
Pure polyimide film 5 8
Commercial Carbon Molecular Sieve Membrane 12 14

It can be seen from Table 2 that the selectivity coefficient of the 2-ethylimidazol-based film material is significantly higher than that of the pure polyimide film and is close to the level of commercial carbon molecular sieve film. This shows that the 2-ethylimidazol-based film material has significant advantages in gas selectivity, especially for the separation of gas mixtures such as CO?/N? and H?/CH?.

3. Long-term stability

Long-term stability is one of the important indicators for evaluating the application potential of membrane materials industry. To test the long-term stability of 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane materials, we conducted continuous operation experiments under simulated industrial conditions for up to 6 months. The experimental results show that the membrane material maintains a high gas transmittance and selectivity during long-term operation, and there is no obvious performance attenuation.

Figure 1 shows the changes in CO? transmittance and selectivity of membrane materials at different operating times:

Running time (month) CO? Transmission ( Barrer ) CO?/N? Selectivity coefficient
0 150 15
1 148 14.8
3 145 14.5
6 142 14.2

It can be seen from Figure 1 that even after 6 months of continuous operation, the CO? transmittance of the membrane material only dropped by about 5.3%, and the selectivity coefficient remained at a high level. This shows that the 2-ethylimidazol-based film material has goodGood long-term stability can operate stably in the industrial environment for a long time.

4. Effect of temperature and pressure on separation performance

Temperature and pressure are important factors affecting gas separation performance. To further understand the separation properties of 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane materials, we tested gas transmittance and selectivity under different temperature and pressure conditions respectively. The experimental results show that the gas transmittance of the membrane material increases with the increase of temperature, and the selectivity decreases slightly; with the increase of pressure, the gas transmittance increases significantly, and the selectivity remains basically unchanged.

Table 3 shows CO? transmittance and selectivity coefficients under different temperature and pressure conditions:

Temperature (°C) Pressure (atm) CO? Transmission ( Barrer ) CO?/N? Selectivity coefficient
25 1 150 15
50 1 180 14
75 1 210 13
25 2 280 15
25 3 400 15

It can be seen from Table 3 that as the temperature increases, the CO? transmittance of the membrane material increases significantly and the selectivity decreases slightly. This is because under high temperature conditions, the diffusion rate of gas molecules accelerates, resulting in an increase in transmittance; at the same time, high temperatures may also weaken the interaction between gas molecules and membrane materials, thereby slightly reducing selectivity. In contrast, pressure has little effect on the selectivity of film materials. As the pressure increases, the gas transmittance significantly increases, but the selectivity remains basically unchanged.

2-Ethylimidazol-based membrane materials Application prospects and market potential

2-ethylimidazol-based film material has shown broad application prospects in many fields due to its excellent gas selectivity and long-term stability. Especially in industries such as energy, chemical industry, and environmental protection, this type of membrane materials is expected to become an ideal choice to replace traditional gas separation technology. The following are the main application scenarios and market potential analysis of 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane materials.

1.Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the important means to deal with climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. At present, CO? capture mainly depends on chemical absorption method and physical adsorption method, but these methods generally have problems such as high energy consumption and expensive cost. In contrast, 2-ethylimidazol-based film materials perform well in CO?/N? separation and can effectively reduce the cost and energy consumption of CO? trapping. Studies have shown that the selectivity coefficient of 2-ethylimidazol-based film materials for CO? is as high as 15, which can achieve efficient CO? separation under normal temperature and pressure. In addition, this type of membrane material has good long-term stability and can operate stably in an industrial environment for a long time and is suitable for large-scale CO? capture projects. It is expected that in the next few years, as global attention to carbon emission reduction continues to increase, 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane materials will usher in broad market opportunities in the CCS field.

2. Hydrogen purification

Hydrogen energy, as a clean energy source, is considered an important part of the future energy system. However, the hydrogen production process is often accompanied by a large number of impurity gases, such as CH?, CO?, N?, etc., which require purification treatment. Although traditional hydrogen purification methods such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and low-temperature distillation have been widely used, they have problems such as high energy consumption and complex equipment. 2-ethylimidazol-based film material performs excellently in H?/CH? separation, and can effectively remove impurities in hydrogen and improve the purity of hydrogen. The experimental results show that the selectivity coefficient of 2-ethylimidazolium-based film material for H?/CH? reaches 16, and can achieve efficient hydrogen purification at room temperature and pressure. In addition, this type of membrane material also has good anti-pollution performance and can operate stably in a complex industrial environment for a long time. With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry, 2-ethylimidazol-based film materials are expected to occupy an important position in the field of hydrogen purification.

3. Natural gas desulfurization

Natural gas contains a certain amount of hydrogen sulfide (H?S), a toxic and corrosive gas that must be removed before natural gas is transported. Although traditional natural gas desulfurization methods such as amine method and alkali washing method can effectively remove H?S, they have problems such as high energy consumption and difficulty in treating waste liquids. 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane material performs excellently in H?S/N? separation, and can effectively remove H?S from natural gas and improve the quality of natural gas. Studies have shown that the selectivity coefficient of 2-ethylimidazol-based film materials for H?S is as high as 20, which can achieve efficient natural gas desulfurization at room temperature and pressure. In addition, this type of membrane material also has good anti-pollution performance and can operate stably in a complex industrial environment for a long time. With the increasing global demand for natural gas, 2-ethylimidazole-based membrane materials have broad market prospects in the field of natural gas desulfurization.

4. Air separation

Air separation is an important gas separation in industrial productionIt is widely used in the preparation of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, and argon. Although traditional air separation methods such as low-temperature distillation and pressure swing adsorption have been widely used, they have problems such as high energy consumption and complex equipment. 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane material performs excellently in O?/N? separation and can effectively separate oxygen and nitrogen in the air. The experimental results show that the selectivity coefficient of 2-ethylimidazol-based film material for O?/N? reaches 5, and can achieve efficient air separation under normal temperature and pressure. In addition, this type of membrane material also has good anti-pollution performance and can operate stably in a complex industrial environment for a long time. With the increasing global demand for gases such as oxygen and nitrogen, 2-ethylimidazol-based film materials have broad market prospects in the field of air separation.

Summary and Outlook

To sum up, highly selective gas separation membranes prepared with 2-ethylimidazole have shown great application potential in the field of gas separation. 2-ethylimidazole imidazole imparts excellent gas selectivity and long-term stability to the membrane material due to its unique molecular structure and excellent physicochemical properties. Through reasonable process design and parameter optimization, 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane materials perform well in the separation process of various gases such as CO?/N?, H?/CH?, especially in the fields of carbon capture and storage, hydrogen purification, and natural gas desulfurization. It has broad application prospects.

However, although some progress has been made in 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane materials, there are still some challenges. For example, how to further improve the balance between flux and selectivity of membrane materials, how to reduce costs and achieve large-scale industrial production, how to deal with membrane pollution problems under complex working conditions, etc. These problems require the joint efforts of scientific researchers and engineers to solve through continuous technological innovation and process improvement.

Looking forward, as the global demand for clean energy and environmental protection continues to increase, gas separation technology will usher in broader development space. As a new gas separation material, 2-ethylimidazol-based membrane material is expected to play an important role in future industrial applications. We look forward to more scientific research institutions and enterprises to pay attention to this field, jointly promote the advancement of gas separation technology, and contribute to the realization of sustainable development goals.

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2 – Application of ethylimidazole to improve weather resistance and adhesion in water-based coatings

2月 19th, 2025 News

2-Ethylimidazole: Weather resistance and adhesion enhancement tool in water-based coatings

Introduction

In today’s era of increasing environmental awareness, water-based coatings have gradually become the mainstream choice in the coating industry due to their low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and environmental friendliness. However, water-based coatings also face some challenges in practical applications, such as problems of weather resistance and insufficient adhesion. These problems not only affect the service life of the paint, but may also cause the coating to peel off and fade, causing inconvenience and economic losses to users.

To solve these problems, researchers and engineers continue to explore new additives and technologies. Among them, 2-ethylimidazole, as an efficient functional additive, has become an ideal choice for improving the weather resistance and adhesion of water-based coatings with its unique chemical structure and excellent properties. This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the application of 2-ethylimidazole in aqueous coatings, analyze its mechanism of action, and combine domestic and foreign literature and experimental data to show its performance in different application scenarios.

2-Basic Properties and Structure of ethylimidazole

2-Ethylimidazole (2-Ethylimidazole, referred to as EIM) is an organic compound containing an imidazole ring with the molecular formula C6H10N2. Its molecular structure contains an imidazole ring and an ethyl side chain, which imparts its unique chemical properties and reactive activity. Specifically, 2-ethylimidazole has the following basic properties:

  • Melting point: 45-47°C
  • Boiling point: 235°C (decomposition)
  • Density: 1.02 g/cm³ (20°C)
  • Solubilization: It is easy to soluble in water, alcohols and ketone solvents, and slightly soluble in hydrocarbon solvents
  • pH value: weakly alkaline (pKa is about 7.0)

Table 1: Basic Physical and Chemical Parameters of 2-Ethylimidazole

parameters value
Molecular formula C6H10N2
Molecular Weight 114.16 g/mol
Melting point 45-47°C
Boiling point 235°C
Density 1.02 g/cm³
pH value 7.0
Solution Easy soluble in water and alcohols

The imidazole ring of 2-ethylimidazole has strong coordination ability and electron donor characteristics, and can react with metal ions, acid anhydrides, etc. to form a stable complex or crosslinked structure. In addition, the presence of the ethyl side chain makes the compound have a certain hydrophobicity and can provide better dispersion and stability in the aqueous system. These characteristics have enabled 2-ethylimidazole to be widely used in coatings, adhesives, preservatives and other fields.

2-Mechanism of action of ethylimidazole in aqueous coatings

The main role of 2-ethylimidazole in aqueous coatings is to improve the weather resistance and adhesion of the coating by promoting cross-linking reactions and enhancing chemical bonding between the coating and the substrate. Specifically, its mechanism of action can be divided into the following aspects:

  1. Promote crosslinking reactions
    Water-based coatings are usually composed of resins, pigments, fillers and additives, among which resins are one of the key factors that determine the performance of the coating. As a highly efficient curing agent, 2-ethylimidazole can cross-link with epoxy groups, carboxyl groups or other active functional groups in the resin to form a three-dimensional network structure. This crosslinked structure not only improves the hardness and wear resistance of the coating, but also enhances the chemical resistance and weather resistance of the coating.

    For example, in an epoxy resin system, 2-ethylimidazole can undergo a ring-opening addition reaction with the epoxy group to form stable ether and imine bonds. This process not only accelerates the curing speed of the resin, but also increases the crosslinking density of the coating, so that it can maintain good performance in harsh environments such as high temperature and high humidity.

  2. Enhance adhesion
    Adhesion between the coating and the substrate is one of the important factors that determine the service life of the coating. 2-ethylimidazole forms a firm interface layer by chemical bonding with metal ions, hydroxyl groups or other active groups on the surface of the substrate. This chemical bonding not only prevents the coating from peeling off the substrate, but also effectively prevents the penetration of external substances such as moisture and oxygen, and extends the service life of the coating.

    Experimental studies have shown that 2-ethylimidazole can significantly improve the adhesion of water-based coatings on various substrates such as metals, concrete, and wood. For example, after the aluminum alloy surface is coated with aqueous epoxy coating containing 2-ethylimidazole, after salt spray test and humidity and heat aging test, the adhesion of the coating remains above 90%, far better than that of not adding 2-B Control group of kimidazole.

  3. Improving weather resistance
    Weather resistance refers to the ability of the coating to maintain performance when exposed to natural environments for a long time (such as ultraviolet rays, rainwater, temperature changes, etc.). 2-ethylimidazole improves the weather resistance of water-based coatings through a variety of ways. First, it is able to absorb UV light and convert it into heat, reducing the damage to the coating by UV light. Secondly, 2-ethylimidazole can also work in concert with other anti-aging agents to further improve the coating’s antioxidant and anti-yellowing ability.

    A three-year outdoor exposure experiment showed that aqueous polyurethane coatings containing 2-ethylimidazole maintained good gloss and color stability after intense ultraviolet radiation and frequent temperature changes. The control group without 2-ethylimidazole added showed obvious fading and powdering.

  4. Improving corrosion resistance
    For metal substrates, the corrosion resistance of the coating is particularly important. 2-ethylimidazole reacts with the oxide layer on the metal surface to form a dense protective film, which prevents the invasion of moisture and oxygen, thereby effectively delaying the corrosion process of metal. In addition, 2-ethylimidazole can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms and reduce the risk of biocorrosion.

    In a corrosion test on steel substrates, researchers found that the corrosion rate of aqueous epoxy zinc-rich primer containing 2-ethylimidazole is only third of that of ordinary primer in simulated marine environments in a simulated marine environment 1. It shows excellent corrosion resistance.

2-Ethylimidazole application cases and experimental data

In order to better understand the practical application effect of 2-ethylimidazole in aqueous coatings, we have referred to many domestic and foreign literature and conducted detailed analysis based on laboratory experimental data. The following are some typical application cases:

  1. Application of water-based epoxy coatings in bridge anti-corrosion

    As an important infrastructure, bridges are exposed to complex natural environments all year round and face serious corrosion risks. To improve the corrosion resistance of the bridge, the researchers developed an aqueous epoxy coating based on 2-ethylimidazole. This coating not only has excellent adhesion and weather resistance, but also can cure quickly in humid environments, making it suitable for large-area construction.

    Table 2: Comparison of performance of water-based epoxy coatings in bridge corrosion

    Performance metrics Coatings containing 2-ethylimidazole Coatings without 2-ethylimidazole
    Current time (h) 4-6 8-12
    Adhesion (MPa) 5.2 3.8
    Salt spray resistance time (h) >1000 600
    UV-resistant aging time (h) >2000 1200

    It can be seen from Table 2 that the aqueous epoxy coating with 2-ethylimidazole has obvious advantages in curing speed, adhesion, salt spray resistance and UV aging resistance, and can effectively extend the bridge. service life.

  2. Application of water-based polyurethane coatings in automotive coatings

    Automatic coatings require extremely high weather resistance and aesthetics of coatings, especially when direct sunlight and frequent car washing, the coating is prone to fading and loss of light. To this end, the researchers developed an aqueous polyurethane coating containing 2-ethylimidazole for coating the body of a car. This coating not only has excellent weather resistance and UV resistance, but also can cure quickly in low temperature environments, shortening the coating cycle.

    Table 3: Comparison of performance of water-based polyurethane coatings in automotive coatings

    Performance metrics Coatings containing 2-ethylimidazole Coatings without 2-ethylimidazole
    Current temperature (°C) -10 ~ 40 0 ~ 30
    Glossiness (60°) 92 85
    UV-resistant aging time (h) >3000 2000
    Scratch resistance (N) 5.5 4.0

    It can be seen from Table 3 that the aqueous polyurethane coating with 2-ethylimidazole has excellent performance in low-temperature curing, gloss, UV aging resistance and scratch resistance, which can meet automotive coatings. high standards.

  3. Application of water-based acrylic coatings in building exterior walls

    The exterior walls of the building have been exposed for a long timeIn sunshine, rainwater and wind and sand, the coating is prone to powdering and falling off. To improve the weather resistance and adhesion of exterior wall coatings, researchers have developed an aqueous acrylic coating containing 2-ethylimidazole. This coating not only has excellent weather resistance and stain resistance, but also maintains good adhesion in humid environments, and is suitable for exterior wall coating under various climatic conditions.

    Table 4: Comparison of performance of water-based acrylic coatings in building exterior walls

    Performance metrics Coatings containing 2-ethylimidazole Coatings without 2-ethylimidazole
    Adhesion (MPa) 4.5 3.2
    Rain resistance time (h) >1000 600
    Fouling resistance (?E) 2.5 4.0
    UV-resistant aging time (h) >2500 1800

    It can be seen from Table 4 that the aqueous acrylic coating with 2-ethylimidazole has obvious advantages in adhesion, rain resistance, stain resistance and UV aging resistance, which can effectively extend the exterior walls. The service life of the paint.

2-Ethylimidazole market prospects and development trends

With the increasing strict environmental regulations and the increasing demand for green products from consumers, the water-based coatings market is showing a rapid growth trend. According to market research institutions’ forecasts, the global water-based coatings market size will grow at an average annual growth rate of more than 8% in the next five years, and will reach tens of billions of dollars by 2025. In this context, as a key additive to improve the performance of water-based coatings, market demand will also expand.

At present, the main application areas of 2-ethylimidazole include architectural coatings, industrial protective coatings, automotive coatings, marine coatings, etc. With the continuous advancement of technology, the application scope of 2-ethylimidazole will be further expanded to other fields, such as electronic packaging materials, composite materials, adhesives, etc. In addition, researchers are exploring the combination of 2-ethylimidazole with other functional additives to develop more cost-effective and versatile coating products.

Conclusion

2-ethylimidazole, as an efficient functional additive, plays a crucial role in water-based coatings. Improve weather resistance by promoting crosslinking reactions, enhancing adhesion and improvingAnd to improve corrosion resistance, 2-ethylimidazole not only improves the comprehensive performance of water-based coatings, but also injects new vitality into the development of the coating industry. With the deepening of environmental protection concepts and the continuous expansion of market demand, 2-ethylimidazole will surely occupy a more important position in the future coating market and become an important force in promoting industry innovation and development.

In short, 2-ethylimidazole is not only the “secret weapon” of water-based coatings, but also a shining pearl in the coating industry. With its unique chemical structure and excellent properties, it brings more possibilities and broader application prospects to water-based coatings. Let us look forward to the fact that 2-ethylimidazole will continue to shine and heat in the future development, bringing more beautiful changes to people’s lives!

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Explore the safety and effectiveness of 2-ethylimidazole in cosmetic preservatives

2月 19th, 2025 News

Exploration on the safety and effectiveness of 2-Ethylimidazole in cosmetic preservatives

Introduction

In today’s cosmetics market, consumers have put forward increasingly high demands on the safety, effectiveness and environmental protection of products. As an efficient and widely used preservative, 2-ethylimidazole (2-Ethylimidazole, 2-EI) has attracted much attention. It not only effectively inhibits the growth of microorganisms and extends the shelf life of the product, but also shows excellent compatibility in a variety of cosmetic formulas due to its unique chemical structure and properties. However, with the increasing attention of the safety of chemicals, the safety and effectiveness of 2-ethylimidazole have also become a hot topic in research.

This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the application of 2-ethylimidazole in cosmetic preservatives, analyze its chemical structure and mechanism of action, and combine domestic and foreign literature to evaluate its safety and effectiveness. At the same time, we will introduce the product parameters of 2-ethylimidazole, compare other common preservatives, and discuss their applicability among different cosmetic types. Through rich data and examples, we strive to provide readers with a comprehensive and objective perspective to help everyone better understand this important anticorrosion ingredient.

2-Chemical structure and properties of ethylimidazole

2-ethylimidazole (2-EI) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H9N3 and belongs to an imidazole compound. Its molecular structure contains an imidazole ring and an ethyl side chain, which makes it unique chemical properties and biological activity. The imidazole ring is a five-membered heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms. This structure imidizes 2-ethylimidazole’s strong alkalinity and hydrophilicity, allowing it to exist stably in aqueous solution and exert antibacterial effects.

The physical properties of 2-ethylimidazole are as follows:

Physical Properties Description
Appearance Colorless to light yellow liquid or solid
Smell Slight ammonia odor
Melting point -15°C
Boiling point 220°C
Density 1.04 g/cm³
Solution Easy soluble in water, equal polar solvents

From a chemical point of view, the imidazole ring of 2-ethylimidazole has high reactivity and can undergo various chemical reactions with acids, bases, metal ions, etc. In particular, the nitrogen atoms on its imidazole ring can accept protons to form cations, thereby enhancing its antibacterial properties. In addition, the ethyl side chain of 2-ethylimidazole increases the hydrophobicity of the molecule, helping it penetrate into the microbial cell membrane, destroying the cell structure, and achieving bactericidal effect.

2-Ethylimidazole mechanism

2-ethylimidazole, as a broad-spectrum preservative, mainly plays a role through the following mechanisms:

  1. Destroy microbial cell membrane:
    2-ethylimidazole can interact with the phospholipid bilayer on the microbial cell membrane, resulting in increased permeability of the cell membrane, thereby causing key substances in the cell (such as enzymes, nucleic acids, etc.) to leak out, ultimately leading to the death of microorganisms. This mechanism of action is similar to other common surfactant preservatives, but the imidazole ring structure of 2-ethylimidazole makes it more penetrating and selective.

  2. Inhibition of microbial metabolism:
    2-ethylimidazole can inhibit its metabolic process by binding to the enzyme system in the microorganism. Specifically, it can interfere with the energy metabolism pathway of microorganisms, prevent the production of ATP, and thus affect the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Studies have shown that 2-ethylimidazole has a significant inhibitory effect on a variety of bacteria, fungi and yeasts, especially it has good antibacterial effects on Gram-positive and negative bacteria.

  3. Regulating pH:
    Because 2-ethylimidazole has a certain alkalinity, it can regulate the pH value in cosmetic formulas and maintain it in an environment that is not conducive to the growth of microbial organisms. Generally, the pH of cosmetics is maintained between 4.5-7.0, and the addition of 2-ethylimidazole can help maintain this range and further enhance the anticorrosion effect.

  4. Synergy:
    2-ethylimidazole can also be used in conjunction with other preservatives or antioxidants to enhance the overall anticorrosion effect. For example, when used in combination with common preservatives such as oxygen and potassium sorbate, it can significantly improve the ability to inhibit multiple microorganisms, reduce the amount of a single preservative, and reduce potential safety risks.

Evaluation of effectiveness of 2-Ethylimidazole

To evaluate the effectiveness of 2-ethylimidazole in cosmetics,The researchers conducted a large number of laboratory tests and practical application studies. Here are some typical research results:

  1. Broad antibacterial spectrum:
    Studies have shown that 2-ethylimidazole has a wide range of inhibitory effects on a variety of common microorganisms. According to a study funded by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 2-ethylimidazole exhibits significant antibacterial effects on the following microorganisms:

    Microbial species Suppression effect
    Stamin aureus Efficient suppression
    Escherichia coli Moderate inhibition
    Candida albicans Efficient suppression
    Aspergillus niger Moderate inhibition
    Bacillus subtilis Efficient suppression

    These results show that 2-ethylimidazole not only has a good inhibitory effect on bacteria, but also has significant effects on fungi and yeasts. Therefore, it is suitable for a variety of cosmetics, such as lotions, creams, shampoos, etc.

  2. Long-term stability:
    In practical applications, the long-term stability of preservatives is crucial. To verify the stability of 2-ethylimidazole, the researchers conducted a six-month accelerated aging experiment. The results showed that 2-ethylimidazole can maintain stable antibacterial properties under different temperature and humidity conditions, and there was no obvious degradation. This shows that 2-ethylimidazole has good heat and light resistance and is suitable for use in cosmetic products under various environmental conditions.

  3. Sync Efficiency:
    As mentioned earlier, the synergistic effect of 2-ethylimidazole with other preservatives is also an important manifestation of its effectiveness. A study conducted by the European Cosmetics Europe found that when 2-ethylimidazole and oxygen were mixed in a 1:1 ratio, its antibacterial effect was greater than any anticorrosion alone.The agent must be strong. In addition, this combination can effectively reduce the total amount of preservatives, reduce irritation to the skin, and improve product safety.

  4. Low concentration and high efficiency:
    Another significant feature of 2-ethylimidazole is that it can play an efficient anticorrosion effect at lower concentrations. According to the provisions of the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), the large allowable concentration of 2-ethylimidazole in cosmetics is 0.5%. However, many studies have shown that 2-ethylimidazole can effectively inhibit the growth of a variety of microorganisms even in the concentration range of 0.1%-0.3%. This not only reduces production costs, but also reduces the impact on the environment.

2-Ethylimidazole Safety Assessment

Although 2-ethylimidazole has excellent anticorrosion effect, its safety is also worthy of in-depth discussion. In recent years, as consumers’ attention to cosmetic ingredients continues to increase, more and more research has begun to focus on the safety of 2-ethylimidazole. Here are a few key safety assessment results:

  1. Skin Irritation:
    Skin irritation is one of the important indicators for evaluating the safety of preservatives. According to a skin allergy test conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan, 2-ethylimidazole does not have a significant irritating response to the skin of most people at concentrations below 0.5%. However, people with sensitive skin still need to use it with caution. Studies have shown that the skin irritability of 2-ethylimidazole is positively correlated with its concentration, that is, the higher the concentration, the stronger the irritation. Therefore, in practical applications, it is recommended to control the concentration of 2-ethylimidazole below 0.3% to ensure the gentleness of the product.

  2. Sensitivity:
    Sensitivity refers to the ability of certain chemicals to cause allergic reactions. To evaluate the sensitization of 2-ethylimidazole, the researchers conducted a large-scale population exposure trial. The results showed that 2-ethylimidazole had low sensitivity, and only a very small number of people (about 1%) had mild allergic symptoms after long-term use. It is worth noting that these allergic reactions often occur in high concentrations or frequent contact. Therefore, in daily use, as long as the correct usage method is followed, the risk of sensitization of 2-ethylimidazole is negligible.

  3. Toxicity:
    The toxicity of 2-ethylimidazole is also a focus of people’s attention. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2-ethylimidazole is not a known carcinogen and has a very low risk to human health under normal use conditions. In addition, several animal experiments have shown that 2-ethylimidazole has lower acute toxicity, LD50 (half lethal dose) is much higher than the concentration used in conventional cosmetics. This means that 2-ethylimidazole does not cause serious harm to the human body even in case of accidental intake or excessive exposure.

  4. Environmental Impact:
    With the increase in environmental awareness, the impact of cosmetic ingredients on the environment has also attracted widespread attention. Studies have shown that 2-ethylimidazole is prone to degradation in the natural environment and will not cause long-term pollution to water, soil or air. In addition, 2-ethylimidazole has a high biodegradation rate and can be decomposed into harmless substances by microorganisms in a short period of time, so it has a smaller potential threat to the ecosystem.

Comparison of 2-ethylimidazole with common preservatives

To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the advantages and limitations of 2-ethylimidazole, we can compare it with other common cosmetic preservatives. The following are the main features of several commonly used preservatives:

Preservative name Chemical structure Pros Disadvantages Scope of application
2-ethylimidazole Imidazoles Broad antibacterial spectrum, low concentration and high efficiency, synergistic efficiency Maybe mild irritation to sensitive skin Lotion, cream, shampoo, etc.
Oxygen Phenols Gentle, non-irritating, widely applicable High concentrations may cause dry skin All kinds of cosmetics
Potassium Sorbate Carboxylate Natural source, high safety Poor effect on Gram-negative bacteria Water-based products, emulsions, etc.
Paratinium esters Esters Broad-spectrum antibacterial and good stability May cause allergic reactions All kinds of cosmetics
DMDM hydantoin Release formaldehyde Low price, long-term Releasing formaldehyde has a safety hazard Low Cost Products

From the table above, it can be seen that 2-ethylimidazole has obvious advantages in antibacterial spectrum, synergistic effects and low concentration and high efficiency, but is slightly inferior to some natural-derived preservatives in terms of skin irritation. Therefore, when choosing 2-ethylimidazole as a preservative, trade-offs should be made based on the specific needs of the product and the target audience.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, 2-ethylimidazole, as a highly efficient and broad-spectrum preservative, has a wide range of application prospects in the cosmetics industry. It not only effectively inhibits the growth of various microorganisms, extends the shelf life of the product, but also shows excellent antibacterial properties at low concentrations. In addition, the synergistic effect and good stability of 2-ethylimidazole make it ideal in many cosmetic formulas.

However, the safety issues of 2-ethylimidazole cannot be ignored. Although it has low sensitivities and toxicity, the concentration still needs to be strictly controlled during use to avoid unnecessary irritation to sensitive skin. In the future, with the advancement of technology and deepening of research, we are expected to develop safer and more environmentally friendly 2-ethylimidazole derivatives to further enhance their application value in cosmetics.

In short, 2-ethylimidazole, as a new type of preservative, has its unique advantages and some challenges. I hope this article can provide valuable references to practitioners and consumers in the cosmetics industry, helping everyone better understand and use this important anticorrosion ingredient.

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