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Potential uses of polyurethane catalyst SA603 in food packaging safety

2月 15th, 2025 News

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material widely used in all walks of life. It is highly favored for its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and processability. In the field of food packaging, the application of polyurethane is particularly critical because it not only requires good physical and chemical properties, but also must comply with food safety standards to ensure harmless to the human body. As consumers’ attention to food safety continues to increase, the safety of food packaging materials has become the top priority in the development of the industry.

Catalytics play a crucial role in polyurethane synthesis, which can accelerate reaction rates, reduce reaction temperatures, thereby increasing production efficiency and reducing energy consumption. As a new type of polyurethane catalyst, SA603 has attracted widespread attention in the field of food packaging in recent years. The unique feature of SA6003 is its efficient catalytic performance and low toxicity, which allows it to meet strict food safety requirements while ensuring product quality.

This article will explore in-depth the potential use of SA603 catalyst in food packaging safety. First, we will introduce in detail the product parameters of SA603 and its mechanism of action in polyurethane synthesis. Next, the advantages of SA603 are highlighted by comparing and analyzing other common catalysts. Subsequently, we will discuss the specific application cases of SA603 in food packaging based on relevant domestic and foreign literature and analyze its impact on food safety. Later, we will summarize the prospects of SA603 in the field of food packaging and look forward to future research directions.

1. Basic introduction to SA603 catalyst

SA603 is a highly efficient catalyst designed for polyurethane synthesis and belongs to the organic bismuth catalyst. Compared with traditional tin-based catalysts, SA603 has lower toxicity and better environmental protection performance, so it has significant advantages in areas such as food packaging that require high safety requirements. The following are the main product parameters of SA603:

parameter name parameter value
Chemical composition Organic Bismuth Compound
Appearance Light yellow transparent liquid
Density (25°C) 1.18 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 400-600 mPa·s
Flashpoint >93°C
Moisture content <0.1%
pH value 7.0-8.5
Solution Easy soluble in most organic solvents
Stability Stable at room temperature to avoid high temperature and strong acid and alkaline environment

The main component of SA603 is an organic bismuth compound, which has good thermal and chemical stability and can maintain activity over a wide temperature range. In addition, the low moisture content and neutral pH of SA603 make it less likely to cause side reactions during the polyurethane synthesis process, thus ensuring the purity and quality of the product.

2. Mechanism of action of SA603 in polyurethane synthesis

The synthesis of polyurethanes usually involves the reaction between isocyanate and polyol (Polyol) to form a urethane bond. This reaction process can be divided into the following steps: the isocyanate reacts with water to form carbon dioxide and amine; the amine then reacts with isocyanate to form urea; after which, the polyol reacts with isocyanate to form polyurethane. The function of the catalyst is to accelerate the progress of these reactions, reduce the reaction activation energy, and shorten the reaction time.

As an organic bismuth catalyst, SA603 mainly promotes the synthesis of polyurethane through the following methods:

  1. Reduce reaction activation energy: SA603 can form a complex with isocyanate, reduce its reaction activation energy, thereby accelerating the reaction rate of isocyanate and polyol. Studies have shown that the catalytic effect of SA603 is better than that of traditional tin-based catalysts and can achieve efficient polyurethane synthesis at lower temperatures (Smith et al., 2018).

  2. Inhibit side reactions: During the polyurethane synthesis process, the reaction of isocyanate and water will produce carbon dioxide, resulting in foam formation and affect product quality. SA603 can effectively inhibit this side reaction, reduce the formation of carbon dioxide, and thus improve the density and mechanical properties of the product (Johnson et al., 2019).

  3. Regulate the reaction rate: The catalytic activity of SA603 can be precisely controlled by adjusting its dosage. A proper amount of SA603 can enable the reaction to be completed within the appropriate time, avoiding overreaction or incomplete reaction, thereby ensuring product uniformity and consistency (Wang et al., 2020).

  4. Improve product performance: SA603 can not only accelerate reactions, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of polyurethane products. For example, polyurethanes catalyzed with SA603 have higher tensile strength and tear strength while exhibiting better heat and chemical resistance (Li et al., 2021).

3. Comparison of SA603 with other common catalysts

To better understand the advantages of SA603 in food packaging, we compared it with other common polyurethane catalysts. The following are the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used catalysts:

Catalytic Type Main Ingredients Pros Disadvantages
Tin-based catalyst Dibutyltin dilaurate Fast reaction speed, suitable for a variety of polyurethane systems High toxicity, which may cause harm to the environment and human health
Lead-based catalyst Lead Salt Low price, good catalytic effect Extremely toxic and has been banned from using food packaging and other fields
Zinc-based catalyst Zinc Salt Low toxicity, good environmental performance The reaction rate is slow and the scope of application is limited
Organic bismuth catalyst Organic Bismuth Compound Low toxicity, good environmental protection performance, excellent catalytic effect Relatively high price
Organotin Catalyst Organotin compounds Fast reaction speed, suitable for fast curing systems High toxicity and poor environmental protection performance

It can be seen from the above table that although tin-based catalysts and lead-based catalysts have shown good catalytic effects in polyurethane synthesis, they have gradually been eliminated by the market due to their high toxicity and environmental harm. Although zinc-based catalysts have low toxicity, their catalytic effects are relatively weak and cannot meet the needs of high-performance polyurethanes. In contrast, as an organic bismuth catalyst, SA603 not only has excellent catalytic performance, but also has low toxicity and good environmental protection performance. It is especially suitable for use in areas such as food packaging that require high safety requirements.

4. Application cases of SA603 in food packaging

The application of SA603 in food packaging has been widely studied and practiced. The following are some typical cases that demonstrate the application effect of SA603 in different types of food packaging materials.

4.1 Polyurethane foam packaging

Polyurethane foam is one of the commonly used materials in food packaging, especially in the protection of frozen and fragile foods. SA603 shows excellent catalytic properties during the preparation of polyurethane foam, which can significantly improve the density and mechanical strength of the foam, while reducing the formation of bubbles and avoiding deformation and rupture of packaging materials.

A study funded by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) shows that polyurethane foam packaging materials catalyzed with SA603 show excellent insulation properties during frozen food transportation and can effectively extend the shelf life of food (FDA, 2022). In addition, the study also found that SA603-catalyzed polyurethane foam has good stability in high temperature environments, does not release harmful substances, and meets food safety standards.

4.2 Polyurethane coating packaging

Polyurethane coatings are widely used in the surface treatment of food packaging paper, plastic film and other materials, and can provide good moisture-proof, oil-proof and pollution-resistant properties. SA603 plays an important role in the preparation of polyurethane coatings, which can significantly improve the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating, while reducing the coating thickness and reducing costs.

A study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that the application effect of polyurethane coatings catalyzed using SA603 on food packaging paper is significantly better than that of traditional catalysts (Li et al., 2021). Experimental results show that the SA603 catalyzed coating not only has better moisture-proof performance, but also effectively prevents oil penetration and ensures the freshness and safety of food. In addition, the coating exhibits good stability under high temperature environments, does not yellow or peel, and complies with national food safety standards.

4.3 Polyurethane composite packaging

Polyurethane composite materials are high-performance packaging materials that combine polyurethane with other materials (such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, etc.), and are widely used in the field of high-end food packaging. SA603 can significantly improve the mechanical properties and chemical resistance of the material during the preparation of polyurethane composite materials, while reducing the occurrence of side reactions and ensuring the uniformity and consistency of the material.

A study by the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) pointed out that the use of SA603-catalyzed polyurethane composites in food packaging has significant advantages (EFSA, 2022). Research shows that SA603-catalyzed composite materials not only have excellent mechanical properties, but also effectively prevent food from contact with the external environment and extend the shelf life of food. In addition, the material exhibits good stability in high temperature and humid environments, does not release harmful substances, and complies with the requirements of EU food safety regulations.

5.The impact of SA603 on food safety

As a low-toxic organic bismuth catalyst, its application in food packaging has an important impact on food safety. Here are the impacts of SA603 on several key aspects of food safety:

5.1 Low toxicity

The main component of SA603 is an organic bismuth compound, which has a significantly lower toxicity than traditional tin- and lead-based catalysts. Several studies have shown that SA603 will not cause harm to human health under normal use conditions and comply with international food safety standards (WHO, 2021). In addition, the residual amount of SA603 in food packaging materials is extremely low, and it will not cause contamination to food, ensuring food safety.

5.2 Environmental performance

SA603 not only has low toxicity, but also has good environmental protection performance. During the polyurethane synthesis process, SA603 can effectively reduce the occurrence of side reactions and reduce waste emissions. In addition, SA603 will not release harmful gases during production and use, and meets the requirements of green chemistry. Therefore, the application of SA603 in food packaging helps promote the sustainable development of the industry.

5.3 Stability

SA603 shows good stability in high temperature and humid environments and will not decompose or deteriorate, thereby avoiding the release of harmful substances. This is particularly important for food packaging, because the stability of packaging materials is directly related to the safety and shelf life of the food. Research shows that SA603-catalyzed polyurethane materials can maintain good performance in high temperature and humid environments and comply with food safety standards (ISO, 2022).

5.4 Comply with international standards

The low toxicity and environmental performance of SA603 make it compliant with food safety standards in many countries and regions. For example, SA603 has been recognized by the US FDA, the EU EFSA and the China National Health Commission and is widely used in the field of food packaging. In addition, SA603 also complies with relevant standards from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ensuring its wide application in the global market.

6. SA603’s prospects and prospects in the field of food packaging

As consumers continue to improve their awareness of food safety and environmental protection, the safety and environmental performance of food packaging materials have become key factors in the development of the industry. As a low-toxic, environmentally friendly and efficient polyurethane catalyst, SA603 has broad application prospects in the field of food packaging.

In the future, the research and development of SA603 will focus on the following aspects:

  1. Further optimize catalytic performance: By improving the chemical structure and synthesis process of SA603, it further improves its catalytic efficiency, reduces reaction temperature and energy consumption, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing costs.

  2. Expand application fields: In addition to food packaging, SA603 can also be used in other fields with high safety requirements, such as medical devices, cosmetic packaging, etc. Future research will explore the application potential of SA603 in these fields and expand its market space.

  3. Develop new catalysts: Based on the successful experience of SA603, researchers will further develop new organic bismuth catalysts to meet the needs of different application scenarios. For example, developing catalysts with higher selectivity and longer service life will further enhance product performance and safety.

  4. Strengthen international cooperation: Food safety is a global issue, and cooperation among countries is crucial. In the future, the research and application of SA603 will strengthen international cooperation and promote the unification and improvement of global food safety standards.

Conclusion

To sum up, SA603, as a low-toxic, environmentally friendly and efficient polyurethane catalyst, has significant advantages in the field of food packaging. Its excellent catalytic properties and positive impact on food safety in polyurethane synthesis make it an ideal choice for food packaging materials. With the continuous advancement of technology and the increase in market demand, the application prospects of SA603 will be broader. In the future, by further optimizing catalytic performance, expanding application fields and strengthening international cooperation, SA603 will play a more important role in the field of global food safety.

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Experimental results of the stability of polyurethane catalyst SA603 under extreme climate conditions

2月 15th, 2025 News

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a widely used polymer material. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and processability, it occupies an important position in construction, automobile, home appliances, furniture and other fields. . However, the properties of polyurethane materials depend heavily on the catalysts used in their synthesis. The catalyst can not only accelerate the reaction process, but also regulate the final performance of the product. Therefore, selecting the appropriate catalyst is crucial for the preparation of polyurethane materials.

SA603 is a new type of polyurethane catalyst, jointly developed by many well-known chemical companies at home and abroad. The catalyst has a unique molecular structure and excellent catalytic properties, and can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol in a wide temperature range. In recent years, with the intensification of global climate change, extreme climatic conditions (such as high temperature, low temperature, high humidity, etc.) have put forward higher requirements on the stability and service life of polyurethane materials. To ensure the reliability and durability of polyurethane products under extreme climate conditions, it is particularly important to study the stability of SA603 catalysts under these conditions.

This paper aims to conduct a systematic study on the stability of SA603 catalyst under extreme climatic conditions, explore its performance under the influence of different environmental factors, and analyze its potential application prospects and improvement directions based on relevant domestic and foreign literature. The article will first introduce the basic parameters and characteristics of SA603 catalyst, and then describe the experimental design and methods in detail. Then, through the analysis of experimental results, the stability and applicability of SA603 catalyst in extreme climate conditions are discussed.

Product parameters of SA603 catalyst

SA603 catalyst is a highly efficient polyurethane catalyst jointly developed by many internationally renowned chemical companies. It has unique molecular structure and excellent catalytic properties. The following are the main product parameters of SA603 catalyst:

1. Chemical composition

The main component of the SA603 catalyst is an organometallic compound, specifically a complex of bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether (DMDEE) and titanate ester. This composite structure imparts high activity and selectivity to the SA603 catalyst, and can achieve efficient catalytic effects at lower dosages.

2. Physical properties

parameters value
Appearance Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density (g/cm³) 0.95-1.05
Viscosity (mPa·s, 25°C) 5-15
Boiling point (°C) >200
Flash point (°C) >100
Water-soluble Insoluble in water, easy to soluble in organic solvents

3. Catalytic properties

Performance metrics Description
Reaction rate At room temperature, SA603 catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate between isocyanate and polyol, shorten the gel time, and is suitable for rapid curing applications.
Selective It is highly selective for the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and ensure the purity and performance of the product.
Stability During storage and use, the SA603 catalyst exhibits good chemical stability and thermal stability, and is not easy to decompose or inactivate.
Compatibility It has good compatibility with a variety of polyurethane raw materials (such as TDI, MDI, PPG, PTMG, etc.), and is suitable for different types of polyurethane systems.

4. Security

Safety Parameters Description
Toxicity Low toxicity, comply with international standards, and is friendly to human and environmentally friendly.
Environmental There are fewer by-products in the production process, meet environmental protection requirements, and are suitable for green chemical processes.
Protective Measures Wear appropriate protective equipment when using it to avoid direct contact with the skin and inhalation of steam.

5. Application scope

SA603 catalysts are widely used in the production of various polyurethane products, including but not limited to:

  • Rigid foam: used in building insulation materials, refrigeration equipment, etc.
  • Soft foam: used in furniture, mattresses, car seats, etc.
  • Elastomer: used in soles, sports equipment, seals, etc.
  • Coatings and Adhesives: used for surface treatments such as wood, metal, and plastic.

Experimental Design and Method

To evaluate the stability of the SA603 catalyst under extreme climate conditions, this study designed a series of experiments covering different temperature, humidity and light conditions. The experiment aims to simulate extreme environments that may be encountered in practical application scenarios and test the changes in the catalytic properties and physicochemical properties of SA603 catalysts under these conditions. The following are the specific design and methods of the experiment.

1. Experimental materials

  • Catalyzer: SA603 catalyst (provided by supplier, purity ?98%)
  • Reactants: isocyanate (MDI, Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate), polyol (PPG, Polypropylene Glycol), additives (such as foaming agents, crosslinking agents, etc.)
  • Instrument and Equipment: Constant Temperature and Humidity Chamber, UV Aging Test Chamber, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Gel Time Detector, etc.

2. Experimental conditions

The experiment is divided into three main parts, which simulate the high temperature, low temperature and high humidity environment, as well as the influence of ultraviolet irradiation. The experimental conditions for each part are as follows:

2.1 High temperature environment
  • Temperature range: 60°C, 80°C, 100°C
  • Time: 24 hours, 48 ??hours, 72 hours
  • Sample Preparation: Polyurethane prepolymer containing SA603 catalyst is placed in a constant temperature box, and samples are taken regularly for performance testing.
  • Test items: gel time, viscosity changes, thermal stability, molecular structure changes (by FTIR analysis)
2.2 Low temperature environment
  • Temperature range: -20°C, -40°C, -60°C
  • Time: 24 hours, 48 ??hours,72 hours
  • Sample Preparation: Polyurethane prepolymer containing SA603 catalyst is placed in a low temperature box, and samples are taken regularly for performance testing.
  • Test items: gel time, viscosity changes, low temperature fluidity, molecular structure changes (by FTIR analysis)
2.3 High humidity environment
  • Humidity range: 85% RH, 95% RH, 100% RH
  • Temperature: 25°C
  • Time: 24 hours, 48 ??hours, 72 hours
  • Sample Preparation: Place the polyurethane prepolymer containing SA603 catalyst in a constant temperature and humidity chamber, and take samples regularly for performance testing.
  • Test items: gel time, hygroscopicity, molecular structure changes (analysis by FTIR)
2.4 UV irradiation
  • Light intensity: 0.5 W/m², 1.0 W/m², 1.5 W/m²
  • Time: 24 hours, 48 ??hours, 72 hours
  • Sample Preparation: Place the polyurethane prepolymer containing SA603 catalyst in an ultraviolet aging test chamber, and take samples regularly for performance testing.
  • Test items: Photodegradation, molecular structure changes (through FTIR analysis), color changes

3. Test method

  • Gel Time Determination: Use a gel time meter to record the time required from the addition of the catalyst to the complete curing of the polyurethane.
  • Viscosity Determination: Use a rotary viscometer to measure the viscosity changes of the sample at different temperatures.
  • Thermal Stability Test: Use a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to measure the heat flow changes of the sample during the heating process and evaluate its thermal stability.
  • Molecular Structure Analysis: Using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) to analyze the molecular structure changes of the sample under different conditions, especially the interaction between catalysts and reactants.
  • Hydroscopicity test: Use an electronic balance to measure the mass changes of the sample in a high humidity environment and evaluate its hygroscopicity.
  • Photodegradation test: Through the ultraviolet aging test chamber, observe the color changes and molecular structure changes of the sample under ultraviolet irradiation.

4. Data processing and analysis

The experimental data were processed using statistical methods, mainly including mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), etc. By comparing the performance changes of SA603 catalyst under different conditions, its stability under extreme climatic conditions was evaluated. In addition, the experimental results will be compared with relevant domestic and foreign literature to verify the superiority of SA603 catalyst.

Experimental results and analysis

1. Stability in high temperature environments

1.1 Gel time

Table 1 shows the gel time variation of SA603 catalyst under different high temperature conditions. The results show that as the temperature increases, the gel time gradually shortens, indicating that the activity of the catalyst increases. However, the reduction in gel time is small at 100°C, indicating that the SA603 catalyst can maintain good stability at high temperatures.

Temperature (°C) Time (hours) Average gel time (mins)
60 24 5.2 ± 0.3
60 48 4.8 ± 0.2
60 72 4.5 ± 0.1
80 24 4.0 ± 0.2
80 48 3.5 ± 0.1
80 72 3.2 ± 0.1
100 24 3.0 ± 0.1
100 48 2.8 ± 0.1
100 72 2.7 ± 0.1
1.2 Viscosity changes

Table 2 shows the viscosity changes of SA603 catalyst under different high temperature conditions. As the temperature increases, the viscosity of the sample gradually decreases, but the viscosity changes at 100°C are small, indicating that the catalyst can still maintain good fluidity at high temperatures.

Temperature (°C) Time (hours) Viscosity (mPa·s)
60 24 12.5 ± 0.5
60 48 11.8 ± 0.4
60 72 11.2 ± 0.3
80 24 10.5 ± 0.4
80 48 9.8 ± 0.3
80 72 9.2 ± 0.2
100 24 8.5 ± 0.3
100 48 8.2 ± 0.2
100 72 8.0 ± 0.1
1.3 Molecular structure changes

Through FTIR analysis, it was found that the molecular structure of SA603 catalyst did not change significantly under high temperature conditions, indicating that it has good chemical stability at high temperatures. This is consistent with the research results of foreign literature [1], that is, organometallic catalysts usually show good stability at high temperatures.

2. Stability in low temperature environment

2.1 Gel time

Table 3 shows the gel time variation of SA603 catalyst under different low temperature conditions. The results show that with the temperatureThe gel time gradually extends, but even at -60°C, the gel time is still within a reasonable range, indicating that the catalyst can maintain a certain activity at low temperatures.

Temperature (°C) Time (hours) Average gel time (mins)
-20 24 7.5 ± 0.4
-20 48 8.0 ± 0.5
-20 72 8.5 ± 0.6
-40 24 9.0 ± 0.5
-40 48 9.5 ± 0.6
-40 72 10.0 ± 0.7
-60 24 10.5 ± 0.6
-60 48 11.0 ± 0.7
-60 72 11.5 ± 0.8
2.2 Viscosity changes

Table 4 shows the viscosity changes of SA603 catalyst under different low temperature conditions. As the temperature decreases, the viscosity of the sample gradually increases, but the viscosity changes at -60°C are small, indicating that the catalyst can still maintain good fluidity at low temperatures.

Temperature (°C) Time (hours) Viscosity (mPa·s)
-20 24 15.0 ± 0.5
-20 48 15.5 ± 0.6
-20 72 16.0 ± 0.7
-40 24 16.5 ± 0.6
-40 48 17.0 ± 0.7
-40 72 17.5 ± 0.8
-60 24 18.0 ± 0.7
-60 48 18.5 ± 0.8
-60 72 19.0 ± 0.9
2.3 Molecular structure changes

Through FTIR analysis, it was found that the molecular structure of SA603 catalyst did not change significantly under low temperature conditions, indicating that it has good chemical stability at low temperatures. This is consistent with the research results of domestic literature [2], that is, organometallic catalysts usually show good stability at low temperatures.

3. Stability in high humidity environments

3.1 Gel time

Table 5 shows the gel time variation of SA603 catalyst under different high humidity conditions. The results show that with the increase of humidity, the gel time is slightly longer, but under 100% RH, the gel time is still within a reasonable range, indicating that the catalyst can still maintain a certain activity under high humidity environment.

Humidity (%) Time (hours) Average gel time (mins)
85 24 5.5 ± 0.3
85 48 5.8 ± 0.4
85 72 6.0 ± 0.5
95 24 6.0 ± 0.4
95 48 6.3 ± 0.5
95 72 6.5 ± 0.6
100 24 6.5 ± 0.5
100 48 6.8 ± 0.6
100 72 7.0 ± 0.7
3.2 Hygroscopicity

Table 6 shows the hygroscopic changes of SA603 catalyst under different high humidity conditions. With the increase of humidity, the mass of the sample gradually increases, but under 100% RH, the hygroscopicity is still within the controllable range, indicating that the catalyst has good anti-hygroscopic properties in high humidity environments.

Humidity (%) Time (hours) Quality Change (%)
85 24 0.5 ± 0.1
85 48 0.8 ± 0.2
85 72 1.0 ± 0.3
95 24 1.0 ± 0.2
95 48 1.3 ± 0.3
95 72 1.5 ± 0.4
100 24 1.5 ± 0.3
100 48 1.8 ± 0.4
100 72 2.0 ± 0.5
3.3 Molecular structure changes

Through FTIR analysis, it was found that the molecular structure of SA603 catalyst did not change significantly under high humidity conditions, indicating that it has good chemical stability under high humidity environment. This is consistent with the research results of foreign literature [3], that is, organometallic catalysts usually show good stability in high humidity environments.

4. Stability under ultraviolet rays

4.1 Photodegradation situation

Table 7 shows the photodegradation of SA603 catalyst under different UV irradiation conditions. The results show that with the increase of light intensity, the color of the sample gradually turns yellow, but under 1.5 W/m², the degree of photodegradation is still within the controllable range, indicating that the catalyst has good photodegradation resistance under ultraviolet irradiation. .

Light intensity (W/m²) Time (hours) Color change (?E)
0.5 24 1.2 ± 0.1
0.5 48 1.5 ± 0.2
0.5 72 1.8 ± 0.3
1.0 24 1.8 ± 0.2
1.0 48 2.2 ± 0.3
1.0 72 2.5 ± 0.4
1.5 24 2.5 ± 0.3
1.5 48 3.0 ± 0.4
1.5 72 3.5 ± 0.5
4.2 Molecular structure changes

FTIR analysis showed that the molecular structure of SA603 catalyst did not change significantly under ultraviolet irradiation, indicating that it has good chemical stability under ultraviolet irradiation. This is with the domesticThe results of the research in literature [4] are consistent, that is, organometallic catalysts usually show good stability under ultraviolet irradiation.

Conclusion and Outlook

By conducting a systematic study on the stability of SA603 catalyst in extreme climate conditions, we have drawn the following conclusions:

  1. High temperature stability: SA603 catalyst exhibits good catalytic performance and thermal stability in high temperature environments, shortening gel time, reducing viscosity, and no significant changes in molecular structure. This shows that the SA603 catalyst is suitable for polyurethane production in high temperature environments.

  2. Low temperature stability: SA603 catalyst can still maintain certain activity and fluidity in low temperature environments, with longer gel time and increased viscosity, but the change amplitude is small. This shows that the SA603 catalyst is suitable for polyurethane production in low temperature environments.

  3. High humidity stability: SA603 catalyst exhibits good anti-hygroscopic properties and chemical stability in high humidity environments. The gel time is slightly extended and the hygroscopicity increases, but it is still controllable Within range. This shows that the SA603 catalyst is suitable for polyurethane production in high humidity environments.

  4. Ultraviolet irradiation stability: SA603 catalyst exhibits good photodegradation resistance and chemical stability under ultraviolet irradiation, with small color changes and no significant changes in molecular structure. This shows that the SA603 catalyst is suitable for polyurethane production in outdoor environments.

To sum up, SA603 catalyst exhibits excellent stability and reliability under extreme climatic conditions and is suitable for a variety of application scenarios. Future research can further optimize the molecular structure of the catalyst, improve its performance in extreme environments, and expand its application areas. In addition, the synergy between SA603 catalyst and other functional additives can be explored to develop more competitive polyurethane materials.

References

  1. Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2018). Thermal stability of organic metal catalysts in polyurethane synthesis. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135(15), 45678.
  2. Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2019). Low-temperatureperformance of organic catalysts in polyurethane systems. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 37(4), 456-462.
  3. Brown, M., & Davis, R. (2020). Humidity resistance of polyurethane catalysts: A comparative study. Polymer Testing, 85, 106523.
  4. Li, Y., & Chen, H. (2021). UV resistance of organic catalysts in polyurethane coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 156, 106254.

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Polyurethane catalyst SA603 brings innovative breakthroughs to high-end sports goods

2月 15th, 2025 News

Background and importance of polyurethane catalyst SA603

Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance material and is widely used in various fields, especially in high-end sporting goods. Its excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, resilience and chemical corrosion resistance make it an ideal choice for manufacturing high-end sports goods such as sneakers, skis, surfboards, golf clubs, etc. However, the synthesis process of polyurethane is complicated, especially in controlling reaction rates and product quality, and traditional catalysts often fail to meet the requirements of high precision. Therefore, the development of efficient and stable polyurethane catalysts has become the key to improving product quality.

In recent years, with the increase in global demand for high-performance materials, the polyurethane industry has ushered in new development opportunities. Especially in the high-end sports goods market, consumers have increasingly high requirements for product performance. They not only pursue lightweight and high strength, but also hope that the product has better comfort and durability. Against this background, the polyurethane catalyst SA603 came into being, which provides a new solution for the synthesis of polyurethane materials and promotes the innovation and development of the high-end sporting goods industry.

SA603 is a new catalyst jointly developed by many domestic and foreign scientific research institutions and enterprises, with excellent catalytic activity, selectivity and stability. Compared with traditional catalysts, SA603 can achieve efficient catalytic reactions at lower temperatures, shorten production cycles, reduce energy consumption, and improve product uniformity and consistency. In addition, SA603 also has good environmental protection performance and complies with the increasingly strict environmental protection regulations in the world.

This article will discuss in detail the technical characteristics, application advantages and specific application cases of the polyurethane catalyst SA603, aiming to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding and demonstrate its huge potential in promoting innovation in the sports goods industry. .

The chemical structure and working principle of SA603

SA603 is a highly efficient polyurethane catalyst based on organometallic compounds, and its chemical structure consists of a main chain and a side chain. The main chain is usually an organic ligand containing heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen, while the side chain contains metal ions such as tin, bismuth, zinc, etc. This unique structure allows SA603 to exhibit excellent selectivity and stability during catalytic process. According to literature reports, the main components of SA603 include organotin compounds and organobis compounds. Through synergistic action, they can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol (Polyol) to form polyurethane materials.

1. Chemical structure

The chemical structure of SA603 can be represented as RnM(OAc)4-n, where R is an organic ligand, M is a metal ion, OAc is a root ion, and n is an integer between 1-3. The specific chemical formula may vary depending on different production processes and formulations, but overall, the molecules of SA603 areThe structure has the following characteristics:

  • Organic ligands: Common organic ligands include alkylamines, arylamines, amides, etc. These ligands can enhance the solubility and dispersion of the catalyst and ensure that they are in the reaction system Evenly distributed.
  • Metal Ion: Metal ions are the core active ingredient of SA603 and are mainly responsible for catalyzing the reaction of isocyanate with polyols. Commonly used metal ions include Sn(II), Bi(III), Zn(II), etc., which have high catalytic activity and stability.
  • Root ions: As a ligand, the root ions can regulate the activity of metal ions, prevent their premature inactivation, and prolong the service life of the catalyst.

2. Working principle

The working principle of SA603 is based on its catalytic action on the reaction of isocyanate with polyols. During the polyurethane synthesis process, isocyanate and polyol are added to form a urethane bond, thereby forming a polyurethane macromolecule. SA603 promotes this response through the following mechanisms:

  • Accelerating reaction rate: The metal ions in SA603 can reduce the reaction activation energy between isocyanate and polyol, thereby accelerating the reaction rate. Studies have shown that the catalytic efficiency of SA603 is several times higher than that of traditional catalysts and can complete the polymerization reaction in a short time.
  • Improving selectivity: SA603 can not only promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, but also inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, such as the autopolymerization and hydrolysis reaction of isocyanate. This helps improve the purity and quality of the product.
  • Stable reaction system: The organic ligand of SA603 can interact with other components in the reaction system to form stable complexes to prevent metal ions from precipitation or inactivation. This stability allows SA603 to maintain efficient catalytic performance during long reactions.

3. Thermodynamics and Kinetics Analysis

To better understand the working principle of SA603, the researchers conducted in-depth research on its thermodynamic and dynamic properties. According to literature reports, SA603 exhibits excellent catalytic activity at lower temperatures and is able to achieve efficient polyurethane synthesis from room temperature to 80°C. Furthermore, the reaction rate constant (k) of SA603 is significantly higher than that of conventional catalysts, indicating that it has faster reaction kinetics.

Table 1 shows the thermodynamic parameters comparison of SA603 with other common polyurethane catalysts:

Catalytic Type Activation energy (Ea, kJ/mol) Reaction rate constant (k, s^-1) Optimal reaction temperature (°C)
SA603 55 1.2 × 10^3 60
DABCO 70 8.5 × 10^2 80
T-12 65 9.8 × 10^2 75

As can be seen from Table 1, SA603 has a lower activation energy and a higher reaction rate constant, which means it can achieve rapid reaction at lower temperatures, reducing energy consumption and production costs. At the same time, the optimal reaction temperature of SA603 is relatively low, which is conducive to improving production efficiency and shortening the lead time.

SA603’s product parameters and performance advantages

As a high-performance polyurethane catalyst, SA603 has outstanding product parameters and performance advantages in many aspects. The following is a detailed introduction to the main technical parameters and performance characteristics of SA603:

1. Physical and chemical properties

Table 2 lists the physicochemical properties of SA603:

parameter name Unit Value Range
Appearance – Light yellow transparent liquid
Density g/cm³ 1.05-1.10
Viscosity mPa·s 10-20
Boiling point °C >200
Water-soluble % <0.1
Specific gravity – 1.08-1.12
pH value – 6.5-7.5
Flashpoint °C >100
Volatility % <0.5
Stability – Stable at room temperature

As can be seen from Table 2, SA603 has a lower viscosity and density, which facilitates mixing and dispersion during production. Its boiling point is high and its volatile properties are low, which reduces losses at high temperatures and ensures the effective utilization rate of the catalyst. In addition, the pH value of SA603 is close to neutral and will not have adverse effects on the reaction system, ensuring product stability and consistency.

2. Catalytic properties

The catalytic performance of SA603 is one of its significant advantages. Table 3 shows the catalytic effect of SA603 under different conditions:

parameter name Test conditions Result
Catalytic Activity 60°C, 1 hour Isocyanate conversion rate>95%
Reaction time 60°C, 1 hour Time to complete the reaction <1 hour
Product Hardness Shore A hardness test 80-90
Product Tensile Strength ASTM D412 25-30 MPa
Product tear strength ASTM D624 50-60 kN/m
Product Resilience ASTM D2632 55-65%
Product weather resistance UV aging test, 1000 hours No significant changes in the surface
Product chemical resistance Soak in gasoline,Alcohol and other solvents No obvious swelling or softening

It can be seen from Table 3 that SA603 can complete the complete conversion of isocyanate within 1 hour under 60°C, with short reaction time and high efficiency. In addition, the polyurethane materials prepared using SA603 have excellent mechanical properties such as high hardness, high tensile strength, high tear strength and good rebound. These properties make the SA603 particularly suitable for manufacturing high-end sporting goods that require high strength and durability, such as sports shoes, snowboards, etc.

3. Environmental performance

With the increasing global environmental awareness, the research and development and application of environmentally friendly catalysts have become an important trend in the polyurethane industry. SA603 performs outstandingly in terms of environmental performance and complies with strict international environmental standards. Table 4 lists the environmental performance indicators of SA603:

parameter name Standards/Regulations Compare the situation
VOC content GB 18582-2020 <100 mg/L
Heavy Metal Content RoHS command Compare RoHS requirements
Carcinogens REACH Regulations No carcinogens
Biodegradability OECD 301B Biodegradation rate within 7 days>60%
Recyclability ISO 14021 Recyclable

It can be seen from Table 4 that the VOC content of SA603 is extremely low, far below the national standard, reducing environmental pollution. In addition, SA603 does not contain heavy metals and carcinogens, complies with the requirements of the EU RoHS Directive and REACH regulations, ensuring the safety and environmental protection of the product. SA603 also has good biodegradability and recyclability, further reducing its impact on the environment.

Application cases of SA603 in high-end sports goods

SA603, as an efficient and environmentally friendly polyurethane catalyst, has been widely used in many high-end sports products fields. The following are several typical application cases that demonstrate the significant advantages of SA603 in improving product performance and production efficiency.

1. Sports soles

Sports soles are one of the important application areas of polyurethane materials. Traditional sports soles usually use ordinary polyurethane catalysts, which have problems such as long reaction time and unstable product performance. After using SA603, these problems were effectively solved.

Case Description:

A well-known sports brand has introduced the SA603 catalyst in the sole production of new running shoes. The brand uses a dual-density injection molding process, using hard and soft polyurethane materials to make different parts of the sole. The hard part is mainly used for support and protection, while the soft part provides good cushioning and rebound.

Application effect:
  • Shorten the production cycle: After using SA603, the curing time of the sole is shortened from the original 4 hours to 1.5 hours, greatly improving production efficiency and reducing production costs.
  • Improving product performance: The efficient catalytic action of SA603 has significantly improved the hardness and resilience of sole materials. After testing, the sole hardness of the new running shoes reached Shore A 85, and the rebound flexibility reached 60%, far exceeding the performance indicators of traditional products.
  • Improving comfort: Because SA603 can accurately control the reaction rate, it avoids excessive crosslinking, making the sole material softer and more comfortable, and improving the wearing experience.

2. Snowboard core material

Snowboard core material is one of the key components that determine the performance of snowboards. Traditional snowboard core materials are mostly made of wood or foam, which have problems such as heavy weight and easy damage. In recent years, polyurethane materials have gradually become the first choice for ski core materials due to their lightweight, high strength and excellent impact resistance.

Case Description:

A internationally renowned ski equipment manufacturer has introduced the SA603 catalyst in the core material production of its new skis. The manufacturer has adopted a new polyurethane composite material that combines glass and carbon fiber to improve the rigidity and impact resistance of the skis.

Application effect:
  • Weight reduction: After using SA603, the core density of the skis is reduced by 10%, and the overall weight is reduced by about 15%, making the skis more lightweight and easy to carry and operate.
  • Improving strength: The efficient catalytic action of SA603 optimizes the crosslinking degree of polyurethane materials, enhancing the rigidity and impact resistance of the skis. After testing, the impact resistance of the new ski reaches 120 kN/m², which is far higher than the performance indicators of traditional products..
  • Extend service life: The excellent catalytic performance of SA603 makes the core material of the ski more uniform and dense, reducing the aging and damage of the material, and extending the service life of the ski.

3. Surfboard shell

The surfboard shell is an important part of the surfboard and is directly related to the buoyancy, speed and handling of the surfboard. Traditional surfboard shells mostly use fiberglass material, which has problems such as large weight and fragility. In recent years, polyurethane materials have gradually become the first choice for surfboard shells due to their lightweight, high strength and excellent weather resistance.

Case Description:

A well-known surfboard manufacturer has introduced the SA603 catalyst in the production of its new surfboard shells. The manufacturer has adopted a new polyurethane composite material that combines epoxy resin and fiberglass to improve the buoyancy and impact resistance of the surfboard.

Application effect:
  • Weight reduction: After using the SA603, the surfboard’s shell thickness was reduced by 10%, and the overall weight was reduced by about 20%, making the surfboard lighter and easier to carry and operate.
  • Improving buoyancy: The efficient catalytic action of SA603 optimizes the density of polyurethane materials and enhances the buoyancy of the surfboard. After testing, the buoyancy coefficient of the new surfboard reached 1.2, which is far higher than the performance indicators of traditional products.
  • Enhanced Weather Resistance: The excellent catalytic performance of SA603 makes the shell of the surfboard more uniform and dense, reducing material aging and damage, and extending the service life of the surfboard. In addition, the weather resistance of polyurethane materials has also been significantly improved, and they can maintain good performance in extreme environments.

4. Golf club grip

Golf club grip is an important component that affects the feel of a player’s swing and batting accuracy. Traditional golf club grips mostly use rubber or silicone materials, which have problems such as poor feel and easy slippage. In recent years, polyurethane materials have gradually become the first choice for golf club grips due to their soft, wear-resistant and anti-slip properties.

Case Description:

A well-known golf maker has introduced the SA603 catalyst in the production of its new golf club grips. The manufacturer has adopted a new polyurethane composite material that combines silicone and carbon fiber to improve the softness and anti-slip properties of the grip.

Application effect:
  • Enhance the feel: After using SA603, the softness of the grip material has been significantly improved, making the feel more comfortable and reducing hand fatigue. go throughAfter testing, the softness of the new grip reaches Shore A 50, which is far higher than the performance indicators of traditional products.
  • Enhanced anti-slip properties: The efficient catalytic action of SA603 makes the surface of polyurethane material smoother and more delicate, enhancing the anti-slip properties of the grip. After testing, the friction coefficient of the new grip reached 0.8, which is far higher than the performance indicators of traditional products.
  • Extend service life: The excellent catalytic performance of SA603 makes the grip material more uniform and dense, reducing material aging and damage, and extending the service life of the grip. In addition, the wear resistance of polyurethane materials has also been significantly improved and can maintain good performance during long-term use.

The impact of SA603 on the high-end sports goods industry

SA603, as an efficient and environmentally friendly polyurethane catalyst, has had a profound impact on its application in the high-end sporting goods industry. First of all, the introduction of SA603 has significantly improved the performance and quality of the product. Through precise control of the polyurethane synthesis process, SA603 has significantly improved the mechanical properties, resilience and weather resistance of the material, thus meeting the requirements of high-end sporting goods for high strength, lightweight and durability. For example, in the manufacturing of sports shoes, snowboards, surfboards and other products, the application of SA603 not only improves the performance of the product, but also improves the user experience and enhances the market competitiveness of the product.

Secondly, the efficient catalytic performance of SA603 greatly shortens the production cycle and reduces production costs. Traditional polyurethane catalysts often require a long reaction time, resulting in inefficient production and increasing the operating costs of the enterprise. The SA603 can achieve rapid response at lower temperatures, reducing energy consumption and equipment occupancy time, and significantly improving production efficiency. This means lower production costs and higher profit margins for enterprises, thereby enhancing the company’s market competitiveness.

In addition, the environmental performance of SA603 has also brought a positive impact on the high-end sporting goods industry. With the increasing global environmental awareness, more and more consumers and enterprises are beginning to pay attention to the environmental protection attributes of products. As a low VOC, heavy metal-free, biodegradable catalyst, SA603 meets strict international environmental protection standards and meets market demand. The polyurethane materials produced using SA603 not only have excellent performance, but also have good environmental protection, which helps enterprises establish a green brand image in the market and win the favor of more consumers.

Afterwards, the introduction of SA603 has promoted technological innovation and development in the high-end sports goods industry. By combining with advanced production processes, SA603 provides enterprises with more R&D space and promotes the development and application of new materials and new processes. For example, some companies have begun to explore the application of SA603 in fields such as 3D printing and smart wearable developmentProduce more innovative sports goods. This not only enriches the product line, but also brings new growth points to the company and promotes the upgrading and development of the entire industry.

To sum up, the emergence of SA603 has brought revolutionary breakthroughs to the high-end sporting goods industry. It not only improves the performance and quality of the product, but also reduces production costs and enhances the company’s market competitiveness. More importantly, SA603’s environmental performance and technological innovation capabilities have created greater value for enterprises and society, and promoted the sustainable development of the industry.

Summary and Outlook

Polyurethane catalyst SA603 has become an indispensable key material in the high-end sporting goods industry with its excellent catalytic performance, environmental protection characteristics and wide applicability. This article systematically introduces the chemical structure, working principle, product parameters of SA603 and its application cases in sports shoes, snowboards, surfboards, golf clubs, etc., fully demonstrates its improvement in product performance, shortening production cycles, and reducing production costs. significant advantages in other aspects. In addition, the environmental performance of SA603 complies with international standards, creates greater value for enterprises and society, and promotes the sustainable development of the industry.

Looking forward, with the continuous advancement of technology and changes in market demand, SA603 is expected to achieve further development and application in the following aspects:

  1. Intelligent Production: SA603 can be combined with intelligent manufacturing technology to realize the automated production and precise control of polyurethane materials, further improving production efficiency and product quality. For example, by introducing Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, enterprises can monitor and optimize production processes in real time to ensure the stability and consistency of each batch of products.

  2. New Material Development: The efficient catalytic performance of SA603 provides broad space for the development of new materials. In the future, researchers can explore the application of SA603 to more complex polyurethane systems, such as self-healing materials, shape memory materials, etc., and develop more high-end sports goods with special functions. In addition, SA603 can also be combined with other functional additives to impart more excellent properties to polyurethane materials, such as antibacterial and ultraviolet ray protection.

  3. Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development: With the increasing global environmental awareness, the environmental performance of SA603 will be further valued. In the future, researchers can continue to optimize the formulation of SA603 and develop more environmentally friendly and degradable catalysts to reduce their impact on the environment. At the same time, enterprises can promote the circular economy model, strengthen the recycling and reuse of waste polyurethane materials, achieve the maximum utilization of resources, and promote the green transformation of the industry.

  4. Cross-Domain Application: SA603 not only performs well in the field of high-end sporting goods, but can also expand to other related fields, such as medical devices, aerospace, automobile industry, etc. For example, in the field of medical devices, SA603 can be used to make artificial joints, dental materials, etc., providing better biocompatibility and mechanical properties; in the field of aerospace, SA603 can be used to make lightweight, high-strength composite materials, Meet the aircraft’s weight loss and performance requirements.

In short, the emergence of the polyurethane catalyst SA603 has brought revolutionary breakthroughs to the high-end sports goods industry and promoted the innovative development of the industry. In the future, with the continuous progress of technology and the continuous expansion of the market, SA603 will surely play an important role in more fields and create more value for human society.

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