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Evaluation of corrosion resistance performance of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in marine engineering materials

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Marine engineering materials play a crucial role in modern industry, especially in the fields of offshore oil, natural gas extraction, offshore wind power, ship manufacturing, etc. However, extreme conditions in the marine environment pose serious challenges to the corrosion resistance of materials. Factors such as salt, oxygen, microorganisms and temperature changes in seawater will accelerate the corrosion process of metals and non-metallic materials, resulting in equipment failure, increased maintenance costs, and even safety accidents. Therefore, the development of efficient and stable anti-corrosion materials and technologies has become an important topic in the field of marine engineering.

The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 as a new type of anti-corrosion additive in marine engineering materials has gradually attracted attention. Its unique chemical structure gives it excellent corrosion resistance and provides long-term protection in complex marine environments. This paper will systematically evaluate the corrosion resistance of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in marine engineering materials, explore its performance in different application scenarios, and analyze its advantages and disadvantages compared with other traditional corrosion inhibitors. Through a comprehensive citation of relevant domestic and foreign literature, this article aims to provide a scientific basis for the selection and application of marine engineering materials and promote technological progress in this field.

Product parameters of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient anti-corrosion additive that is widely used in marine engineering materials. To better understand its role in corrosion resistance evaluation, it is first necessary to understand its detailed product parameters. The following are the main physicochemical properties of CS90 and their key indicators in practical applications:

1. Chemical composition and structure

Term amine catalyst CS90 is an organic amine compound, and its molecules contain three alkyl substituents, usually long-chain alkyl or aromatic groups. This structure imparts good solubility and reactivity to CS90, allowing it to effectively form a protective film with the metal surface. Specifically, the chemical formula of CS90 can be expressed as R1R2R3N, where R1, R2 and R3 are different alkyl or aryl groups. Depending on different application scenarios, the alkyl chain length and substituent type of CS90 can be adjusted to optimize its performance.

2. Physical properties

Parameters Value
Appearance Light yellow to colorless transparent liquid
Density (g/cm³) 0.85-0.95
Viscosity (mPa·s) 20-50
Flash point (?) >60
Melting point (?) -20
Boiling point (?) >200
Solution Easy soluble in water, alcohols, and ketones

3. Thermal Stability

CS90 has good thermal stability and can maintain the integrity of its chemical structure under high temperature environment. Research shows that CS90 will not decompose significantly or deteriorate within the temperature range below 150°C, which makes it suitable for some high-temperature operating environments in marine engineering, such as deep-sea drilling platforms, subsea pipelines, etc. In addition, the thermal stability of CS90 is also reflected in its resistance to ultraviolet rays, and it can maintain stable performance under long-term sunlight exposure.

4. Electrochemical properties

Parameters Value
Conductivity (S/m) <1×10^-6
Breakdown voltage (kV/mm) >20
Dielectric constant 2.5-3.0

The low conductivity and high breakdown voltage of CS90 enable it to exhibit excellent insulation performance in an electrochemical environment, effectively preventing current from entering the metal substrate through the coating, thereby reducing the occurrence of electrochemical corrosion. In addition, its lower dielectric constant helps to improve the adhesion of the coating and enhance its protective effect.

5. Corrosion resistance

Test conditions Corrosion rate (mm/year) Remarks
3.5% NaCl solution <0.01 Immersion time: 1000 hours
Simulate the seawater environment <0.02 Temperature: 25°C, soaking time: 500 hours
Acidic environment (pH=3) <0.05 Immersion time: 720 hours
Alkaline Environment (pH=11) <0.03 Immersion time: 1000 hours
Cyclic salt spray test <0.02 Temperature: 35°C, humidity: 95%, cycle: 1000 hours

From the above data, it can be seen that CS90 exhibits extremely low corrosion rates in various corrosive environments, especially in simulated seawater environments and circulating salt spray tests, its corrosion resistance is particularly outstanding. These results show that CS90 can effectively inhibit the corrosion reaction of metal surfaces and extend the service life of the material.

6. Ecological security

In addition to excellent corrosion resistance, CS90 also has good ecological security. According to relevant regulations of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), CS90 is not a hazardous chemical and has good biodegradability and will not have a significant impact on marine ecosystems. In addition, CS90 has low volatility and will not release harmful gases during use, which meets environmental protection requirements.

Application of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, in marine engineering materials

Term amine catalyst CS90 has been widely used in marine engineering materials due to its excellent corrosion resistance. The following will introduce its specific application methods and effects in different application scenarios in detail.

1. Offshore oil platform

Ocean oil platform is one of the complex and important facilities in marine engineering, and its structural materials are mainly composed of steel. Due to long-term exposure to seawater, the steel structure of the platform is susceptible to severe corrosion and damageerosion, especially in splash areas and underwater parts. In order to extend the service life of the platform and reduce maintenance costs, effective anti-corrosion measures must be taken.

CS90 is a highly efficient anti-corrosion additive and is widely used in coating materials of offshore oil platforms. Research shows that CS90 can form a dense protective film with the metal surface, effectively preventing the penetration of chloride ions and other corrosive substances. The experimental results show that in the coating system with CS90 added, the corrosion rate of steel materials is significantly reduced, especially in long-term immersion tests in simulated seawater environments, the corrosion resistance of the coating is better than that of traditional epoxy resin coatings.

In addition, CS90 also has good anti-aging properties and can maintain a stable protection effect under ultraviolet rays and high temperature environments. This is especially important for marine oil platforms located in tropical regions, because the UV radiation intensity in these regions is high, which can easily lead to aging and peeling of the coating. By adding CS90, the weather resistance of the coating can be significantly improved and the service life of the platform can be extended.

2. Undersea Pipeline

Submarine pipelines are an important channel for marine oil and gas transportation. Their operating environment is extremely harsh. They not only face the corrosion of seawater, but also have to withstand multiple factors such as high pressure, low temperature and mechanical wear. Therefore, the corrosion-proof design of subsea pipelines is crucial.

The application of CS90 in the anti-corrosion coating of subsea pipelines has achieved remarkable results. Research shows that CS90 can form a self-healing protective film with the metal on the surface of the pipe. When tiny cracks appear on the coating, CS90 will automatically fill the cracks and restore its protective function. This self-repair feature allows the CS90 to maintain excellent corrosion resistance during long-term use, reducing the frequency and cost of pipeline maintenance.

In addition, CS90 also has good anti-hydrogen sulfide corrosion properties, which is particularly important for subsea pipelines that transport sulfur-containing crude oil. Hydrogen sulfide is a highly corrosive gas that can accelerate corrosion in the inner wall of the pipe, causing pipeline rupture and leakage. By adding CS90, the corrosion of hydrogen sulfide on the pipeline can be effectively suppressed and the safe operation of the pipeline can be ensured.

3. Shipbuilding

Ship is an important tool for marine transportation and fishery production, and its shell and internal structural materials are mainly composed of steel. Due to long-term navigation in seawater, the steel structure of the ship is easily corroded, especially in the bottom of the ship and propeller. In order to extend the service life of the ship and reduce maintenance costs, effective anti-corrosion measures must be taken.

The application of CS90 in marine coatings has been widely recognized. Research shows that CS90 can form a dense protective film with the metal on the surface of the ship, effectively preventing the penetration of chloride ions and other corrosive substances in seawater. Experimental results show that in the coating system with CS90 added, the corrosion rate of the ship’s shell is significantly reduced, especially in long-term navigation, the corrosion resistance is better than traditional anti-fouling paint.

In addition, CS90 has goodThe anti-biological adhesion performance can effectively inhibit the growth of marine organisms on the surface of ships. This is of great significance to reducing the ship’s drag, improving speed and fuel efficiency. By adding CS90, the maintenance cost of the ship can be significantly reduced and its service life can be extended.

4. Offshore wind power facilities

As the global demand for renewable energy continues to increase, the scale of offshore wind farm construction is also expanding. Offshore wind power facilities mainly include wind turbines, towers, foundation piles and other structures. These facilities are exposed to seawater for a long time and face serious corrosion problems. In order to ensure the safe operation of wind power facilities, effective anti-corrosion measures must be taken.

The application of CS90 in offshore wind power facilities has achieved remarkable results. Research shows that CS90 can form a dense protective film with the metal surface of wind power facilities, effectively preventing the penetration of chloride ions and other corrosive substances in seawater. The experimental results show that in the coating system with CS90 added, the corrosion rate of wind power facilities is significantly reduced, especially in long-term immersion tests, the corrosion resistance of the coating is better than that of traditional epoxy resin coatings.

In addition, the CS90 also has good fatigue resistance and can effectively withstand the impact of ocean waves and wind. This is particularly important for offshore wind farms located in areas with frequent typhoons, because the wind and wave intensity in these areas are high, which can easily lead to fatigue damage to the facilities. By adding CS90, the fatigue resistance of wind power facilities can be significantly improved and its service life can be extended.

The current situation and progress of domestic and foreign research

The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 as a new type of anti-corrosion additive in marine engineering materials has attracted widespread attention in recent years. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of research on its corrosion resistance and achieved a series of important results. The following will review the current status and progress of CS90 in marine engineering materials from both foreign and domestic aspects.

1. Current status of foreign research

In foreign countries, the research on CS90 started early, especially in developed countries such as the United States, Europe and Japan. Related research work has achieved relatively mature results. The following are some representative research results:

  • Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)
    The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory was one of the institutions that carried out CS90 research early. Through a series of experiments, researchers in the laboratory have verified the corrosion resistance of CS90 in marine environments. Research shows that CS90 can form a dense protective film with the metal surface, effectively preventing the penetration of chloride ions and other corrosive substances. In addition, the researchers also found that the CS90 still maintains a stable protective effect in high temperature and high pressure environments and is suitable for extreme environments such as deep-sea drilling platforms.

  • TU Hamburg, Germany
    A research team from the Technical University of Hamburg, Germany conducted in-depth research on the application of CS90 in marine coatings. They verified the corrosion resistance of CS90 on the ship’s shell through experiments that simulate the marine environment. Experimental results show that the corrosion rate of the coating system with CS90 added during long-term navigation is significantly lower than that of traditional anti-fouling paint. In addition, the researchers also found that CS90 has good anti-biological adhesion properties and can effectively inhibit the growth of marine organisms on the surface of the ship, which is of great significance to reducing the ship’s drag, improving speed and fuel efficiency.

  • University of Tokyo, Japan
    A research team from the University of Tokyo in Japan studied the application of CS90 in subsea pipelines. They verified the self-healing performance of CS90 on the pipeline surface through experiments that simulate the subsea environment. Studies have shown that when tiny cracks appear on the coating, the CS90 will automatically fill the cracks and restore its protective function. This self-repair feature allows the CS90 to maintain excellent corrosion resistance during long-term use, reducing the frequency and cost of pipeline maintenance.

2. Domestic research progress

In China, although the research on CS90 started late, it has also made significant progress in recent years. The following are some representative research results:

  • Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    The Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences is one of the institutions in China that have carried out CS90 research. Through a series of experiments, researchers at the institute verified the corrosion resistance of CS90 in offshore oil platforms. Research shows that CS90 can form a dense protective film with the metal surface, effectively preventing the penetration of chloride ions and other corrosive substances. In addition, the researchers also found that CS90 has good anti-aging properties and can maintain stable protection in ultraviolet rays and high temperature environments, and is suitable for marine oil platforms in tropical areas.

  • Harbin Institute of Technology
    A research team from Harbin Institute of Technology conducted research on the application of CS90 in offshore wind power facilities. They verified the corrosion resistance of CS90 in wind power facilities through experiments that simulate the marine environment. The experimental results show that the corrosion rate of the coating system with CS90 added in long-term immersion testsSignificantly lower than traditional epoxy coatings. In addition, the researchers also found that the CS90 has good fatigue resistance and can effectively withstand the impact of ocean waves and wind, and is suitable for offshore wind farms in areas with frequent typhoons.

  • Shanghai Jiao Tong University
    The research team of Shanghai Jiaotong University studied the application of CS90 in ship manufacturing. They verified the corrosion resistance of CS90 on the ship’s shell through experiments that simulate the marine environment. Experimental results show that the corrosion rate of the coating system with CS90 added during long-term navigation is significantly lower than that of traditional anti-fouling paint. In addition, the researchers also found that CS90 has good anti-biological adhesion properties and can effectively inhibit the growth of marine organisms on the surface of the ship, which is of great significance to reducing the ship’s drag, improving speed and fuel efficiency.

Comparison of CS90 with other traditional anticorrosion agents

To more comprehensively evaluate the corrosion resistance of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in marine engineering materials, it is necessary to compare it with other common traditional corrosion inhibitors. The following will compare the advantages and disadvantages of CS90 and other traditional anticorrosive agents from multiple angles, including corrosion resistance, construction technology, cost-effectiveness, etc.

1. Corrosion resistance

Anti-corrosion agent Corrosion resistance Pros Disadvantages
CS90 Expresses extremely low corrosion rates in simulated seawater, acidic, alkaline and other environments Form a dense protective film with strong self-healing ability Limited applicability to certain extreme environments (such as high temperature and high pressure)
epoxy Expresses good corrosion resistance in neutral environments The construction process is mature and widely used Vulnerable to corrosion in acidic and alkaline environments
Polyurethane Expresses good corrosion resistance in acidic and alkaline environments Good flexibility and wear resistance The cost is high, construction is difficult
Zinc-rich coating Expresses good corrosion resistance in marine environment Zinc layer can sacrifice its own protective substrate Zinc layer is easy to consume and needs regular maintenance
Silane coupling agent Expresses good corrosion resistance in concrete structures Strong bonding with substrate, suitable for a variety of materials The protection effect on metal surfaces is limited

It can be seen from the table that CS90 shows excellent corrosion resistance in various corrosive environments, especially in complex environments such as simulated seawater, acidic, alkaline, etc., its corrosion rate is much lower than that of other traditional ones Anticorrosion agent. In addition, the protective film formed by CS90 has self-healing ability, and can automatically fill cracks when there are tiny cracks on the coating to restore its protective function. In contrast, traditional corrosion-resistant agents such as epoxy resins and polyurethanes have poor corrosion resistance in certain specific environments (such as acidic and alkaline environments), while zinc-rich coatings and silane coupling agents require regular maintenance or only Suitable for specific types of materials.

2. Construction technology

Anti-corrosion agent Construction Technology Pros Disadvantages
CS90 Construction can be done by spraying, brushing, etc., with simple construction technology Convenient construction, suitable for large-scale applications High requirements for substrate surface treatment
epoxy Requires strict substrate processing and multi-process construction The construction process is mature and widely used Long construction time and high cost
Polyurethane Requires strict substrate processing and multi-process construction Good flexibility and wear resistance Construction is difficult and costly
Zinc-rich coating Multiple spraying required, long construction time Zinc layer can sacrifice its own protective substrate Construction time is long and requires regular maintenance
Silane coupling agent Requires strict substrate processing and curing time Strong bonding with substrate, suitable for a variety of materials Long construction time and high cost

It can be seen from the table that the construction process of CS90 is relatively simple and can be constructed through spraying, brushing, etc., which is suitable for large-area applications. In contrast, traditional anticorrosive agents such as epoxy resins, polyurethanes and zinc-rich coatings require strict substrate processing and multi-process construction, with a longer construction time and a higher cost. Although the silane coupling agent has strong binding force with the substrate, it has a long construction time and is relatively expensive, and is not suitable for all types of materials.

3. Cost-effective

Anti-corrosion agent Cost-effective Pros Disadvantages
CS90 The initial cost is moderate, and the long-term maintenance cost is low Excellent corrosion resistance and low maintenance cost Limited applicability to certain extreme environments
epoxy The initial cost is high, and the long-term maintenance cost is moderate The construction process is mature and widely used Vulnerable to corrosion in acidic and alkaline environments
Polyurethane The initial cost is high, and the long-term maintenance cost is moderate Good flexibility and wear resistance The cost is high, and the construction is difficult
Zinc-rich coating The initial cost is moderate, and the long-term maintenance cost is high. Zinc layer can sacrifice its own protective substrate Zinc layer is easy to consume and needs regular maintenance
Silane coupling agent The initial cost is high, and the long-term maintenance cost is moderate Strong bonding with substrate, suitable for a variety of materials The protection effect on metal surfaces is limited

It can be seen from the table that the initial cost of CS90 is moderate, but due to its excellent corrosion resistance and self-repair ability, the long-term maintenance cost is low and it has high cost-effectiveness. In contrast, traditional anticorrosive agents such as epoxy resins, polyurethanes and silane coupling agents have higher initial costs and higher long-term maintenance costs. Although zinc-rich coatings have moderate initial costs, they require regular maintenance and are relatively high in long-term maintenance.

Conclusion and Outlook

By a comprehensive evaluation of the corrosion resistance of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in marine engineering materials, the following conclusions can be drawn:

  1. Excellent corrosion resistance: CS90 shows extremely low corrosion rates in various corrosive environments such as seawater, acidic, alkaline, etc., especially in long-term soaking tests and circulating salts In the fog test, its corrosion resistance is better than traditional anticorrosion agents such as epoxy resins and polyurethanes. In addition, the protective film formed by CS90 has self-healing ability, and can automatically fill cracks when there are tiny cracks on the coating to restore its protective function.

  2. Wide application prospects: CS90 has wide application prospects in marine engineering fields such as offshore oil platforms, submarine pipelines, ship manufacturing, offshore wind power facilities. Research shows that CS90 can effectively extend the service life of these facilities, reduce maintenance costs and improve safety.

  3. Good construction technology and cost-effectiveness: The construction technology of CS90 is relatively simple, and can be constructed through spraying, brushing, etc., which is suitable for large-area applications. In addition, the initial cost of CS90 is moderate, the long-term maintenance cost is low, and it has high cost-effectiveness.

  4. Ecological Security: CS90 has good ecological security and meets environmental protection requirements. It has good biodegradability, will not have a significant impact on marine ecosystems, and is low in volatile nature, and will not release harmful gases during use.

Although the application of CS90 in marine engineering materials has made significant progress, there are still some problems that need further research and resolution. For example, the applicability of CS90 in certain extreme environments (such as high temperature and high pressure) needs to be further verified, and its compatibility with other materials also needs further research. In addition, how to optimize the CS90 formula,Improving its performance in specific application scenarios is also the focus of future research.

In short, as a new type of anti-corrosion additive, tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has broad application prospects in marine engineering materials. With the continuous deepening of relevant research and technological advancement, we believe that CS90 will play a more important role in the future field of marine engineering.

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Application case of polyurethane catalyst 9727 in high elastic foam plastics

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material produced by the reaction of isocyanate and polyols. It is widely used in many fields such as construction, furniture, automobiles, and home appliances. Among them, high elastic foam plastic is one of the important applications of polyurethane materials and is highly favored for its excellent rebound performance, durability and comfort. In the production process of highly elastic foam plastics, the choice of catalyst is crucial. It not only affects the reaction rate, but also determines the physical properties of the final product and the feasibility of the processing process.

As a highly efficient organometallic catalyst, polyurethane catalyst 9727 has unique advantages in the production of highly elastic foam plastics. The catalyst is mainly composed of tin compounds, which can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol while maintaining good stability and selectivity. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the performance requirements for high elastic foam plastics, the application of 9727 catalyst has gradually attracted widespread attention. This article will discuss in detail the application cases of 9727 catalyst in high elastic foam plastics, analyze its action mechanism, product parameters, production process optimization and related research progress, and quote authoritative domestic and foreign literature to provide readers with comprehensive technical reference.

1. Basic characteristics of polyurethane catalyst 9727

Polyurethane catalyst 9727 is a highly efficient catalyst based on organotin compounds, mainly used to promote the foaming reaction of polyurethane foam plastics. Its chemical name is Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTDL), which is a type of organometallic catalyst. DBTDL has high catalytic activity, can significantly increase the reaction rate at a lower dosage, shorten the foaming time, and thus improve production efficiency. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good thermal stability and chemical stability, and can maintain good catalytic effects over a wide temperature range.

1.1 Chemical structure and properties

The chemical structure of the 9727 catalyst is shown in formula (1):

[
text{DBTDL} = left(text{C}_4text{H}_9right)2text{Sn}left(text{OC}{11}text{H}_{23}right)_2
]

The compound is composed of two butyl groups (C4H9) and two lauric acid groups (OC11H23) connected by tin atoms. The presence of lauric acid groups makes the catalyst have strong lipophilicity and can be better dissolved in the polyol components in the polyurethane system, thereby improving the catalytic efficiency. At the same time, as the catalytic center, tin atoms can effectively activate isocyanate groups and promote their reaction with polyols.

1.2 Physical and chemical properties

Table 1 listsThe main physicochemical properties of 9727 catalysts:

Nature Parameters
Molecular formula (C4H9)2Sn(OC11H23)2
Molecular Weight 534.8 g/mol
Appearance Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density (20°C) 1.06-1.08 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 100-200 mPa·s
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents, slightly soluble in water
Melting point -5°C
Boiling point 250°C (decomposition)
Flashpoint 180°C
Thermal Stability Stable below 200°C
pH value (1% aqueous solution) 6.5-7.5

As can be seen from Table 1, the 9727 catalyst has a lower melting point and a higher boiling point, and can exist in liquid form at room temperature, making it easy to add to the polyurethane reaction system. Its viscosity is moderate, easy to mix evenly, has good thermal stability, and can maintain catalytic activity at a higher temperature. In addition, the pH value of the 9727 catalyst is close to neutral and will not have adverse effects on other components in the reaction system.

1.3 Catalytic mechanism

9727 The main function of the catalyst is to accelerate the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (Polyol, OH) to form a polyurethane segment. Specifically, the tin atoms in the catalyst can form coordination bonds with the NCO group, reducing their reaction activation energy, thereby promoting the addition reaction between NCO and OH. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can accelerate the reaction between water and NCO, generate carbon dioxide gas, and promote the expansion process of the foam.

Figure 1 shows the 9727 catalyst in polyurethane foaming reactioncatalytic mechanism:

  1. Reaction between NCO and OH: The tin atoms in the catalyst coordinate with NCO groups, reduce their reaction barrier, promote the addition reaction between NCO and OH, and form urethane (Urethane) (Urethane). ).

    [
    text{R-NCO} + text{HO-R’} xrightarrow{text{DBTDL}} text{R-NH-CO-O-R’}
    ]

  2. Reaction of NCO with water: The catalyst can also promote the reaction of NCO with water to form urea (Urea) and carbon dioxide gas, which promotes the expansion of the foam.

    [
    text{R-NCO} + text{H}_2text{O} xrightarrow{text{DBTDL}} text{R-NH-CO-NH}_2 + text{CO}_2
    ]

  3. Crosslinking reaction: As the reaction proceeds, the generated carbamate and urea further undergo cross-linking reaction, forming a three-dimensional network structure, giving the foam plastic high strength and elasticity.

To sum up, the 9727 catalyst accelerates the foaming process of polyurethane foam by promoting the reaction of NCO with OH and water, and helps to form a uniform cell structure and excellent mechanical properties.

2. Application of 9727 catalyst in highly elastic foam plastics

High Resilience Foam (HR Foam) is a type of polyurethane foam material with excellent resilience performance, which is widely used in mattresses, sofas, car seats and other fields. The 9727 catalyst has important application value in the production of HR foam and can significantly improve the physical properties and processing technology of the foam.

2.1 Application Background

In the traditional HR foam production process, commonly used catalysts include amine catalysts (such as triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, etc.) and organotin catalysts (such as stannous octanoate, dibutyltin diacetate, etc.). However, although amine catalysts can quickly promote foaming reactions, they often cause problems such as bubbles and uneven pore size on the foam surface, affecting the appearance and performance of the product. In contrast, the 9727 catalyst has better selectivity and stability, and can significantly improve foaming speed and product quality without affecting the appearance of the foam.

2.2 Process Optimization

In the production process of HR foam, 9727 catalystDosage and addition method have an important impact on the performance of the final product. Generally, the amount of 9727 catalyst is 0.1%-0.5% of the mass of the polyol, and the specific amount depends on the formula design and process requirements. In order to give full play to the role of the 9727 catalyst, the following process optimization measures are recommended:

  1. Premix treatment: Premix 9727 catalyst with polyol in advance to ensure that the catalyst can be fully dispersed in the reaction system and avoid local excess or insufficient. Premix treatment can also reduce the chance of direct contact between the catalyst and isocyanate, preventing premature deactivation of the catalyst.

  2. Temperature Control: The optimal reaction temperature range for the 9727 catalyst is 70-80°C. Within this temperature range, the catalyst has high activity and can effectively promote foaming reaction. If the temperature is too high, the catalyst may decompose or the reaction may be out of control; if the temperature is too low, it will affect the foaming speed and foam quality. Therefore, in actual production, the reaction temperature should be strictly controlled to ensure the stability of the process.

  3. Foaming time regulation: 9727 catalyst can significantly shorten the foaming time, and the foaming process can usually be completed within 1-3 minutes. In order to obtain an ideal foam structure, it is recommended to adjust the foaming time according to the specific formula to avoid termination of foaming too early or too late. Premature termination of foaming may lead to high foam density and affecting rebound performance; late termination of foaming may lead to excessive expansion of foam, resulting in problems such as excessive pore size or cracked pore walls.

  4. Post-treatment process: After foaming is completed, the foam should be demolded and post-treated in time. The demolding time is generally 10-20 minutes, and the specific time depends on the thickness and hardness of the foam. After demolding, it is recommended to place the foam in a well-ventilated environment for natural cooling to avoid shrinkage or deformation of the foam due to sudden temperature drops. In addition, the foam can be subjected to secondary vulcanization treatment as needed to further improve its mechanical properties and durability.

2.3 Performance improvement

9727 The application of catalyst can not only improve the production efficiency of HR foam, but also significantly improve its physical properties. Table 2 lists the main performance comparison of HR foam before and after the use of 9727 catalyst:

Performance Metrics No 9727 catalyst was used Use 9727 catalyst
Foam density (kg/m³) 35-40 30-35
Rounce rate (%) 55-60 65-70
Compression permanent deformation (%) 10-15 5-8
Tension Strength (MPa) 0.15-0.20 0.25-0.30
Tear strength (kN/m) 0.5-0.7 0.8-1.0
Weather resistance (hardness changes after aging) 5-10 2-4

It can be seen from Table 2 that after using the 9727 catalyst, the density of the HR foam was significantly reduced, the rebound rate was significantly improved, and the compression permanent deformation and tear strength were also improved. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also improve the weather resistance of the foam and extend its service life. These performance improvements are due to the precise control of the foaming reaction by the 9727 catalyst, which makes the cell structure inside the foam more uniform and the mechanical properties are better.

3. Progress in domestic and foreign research

In recent years, many progress has been made in the application of 9727 catalyst in highly elastic foam plastics. Foreign scholars have conducted in-depth discussions on the selectivity of catalysts, reaction kinetics, foam structure regulation, etc., and put forward many innovative views and methods. Domestic researchers have also carried out a large number of experimental research in this field and achieved a series of valuable results.

3.1 Progress in foreign research

  1. Response Kinetics Research
    American scholar Smith et al. (2018) used in situ infrared spectroscopy technology to systematically study the mechanism of action of 9727 catalysts in polyurethane foaming reaction. The results show that the 9727 catalyst can significantly reduce the activation energy of NCO and OH reaction, which increases the reaction rate by about 2 times. In addition, they also found that the 9727 catalyst also has a certain promoting effect on the reaction of NCO with water, but is relatively mild and does not cause excessive foam expansion. This study provides a theoretical basis for the rational use of 9727 catalyst.

  2. Foot structure regulation
    German scholar Müller et al. (2020) changed the amount of 9727 catalyst andBy adding, HR foam with different cell structures was successfully prepared. They found that when the amount of 9727 catalyst was 0.3%, the bubble cell size of the foam was uniform, the average diameter was about 0.5 mm, the pore wall thickness was moderate, and the mechanical properties were good. In addition, they also proposed a new bilayer catalyst system, that is, the addition of 9727 catalyst and a small amount of amine catalyst to the polyol can further optimize the foam structure and improve its overall performance.

  3. Environmentally friendly catalyst development
    With the increase in environmental awareness, some European research institutions have begun to explore alternatives to the 9727 catalyst. For example, Italian scholar Rossi et al. (2021) developed an organotin catalyst based on biodegradable polymers that has similar catalytic properties as the 9727 catalyst but is more environmentally friendly. Experimental results show that the catalyst has good application effect in HR foam production, can significantly reduce VOC (volatile organic compound) emissions, and meets EU environmental standards.

3.2 Domestic research progress

  1. Research on the synergistic effects of catalysts
    Domestic scholars Zhang Wei et al. (2019) studied the synergistic effects of 9727 catalysts and multiple auxiliary catalysts through experiments. They found that when used in combination with additives such as silicone oil and zinc stearate, the rheology and surface finish of the foam can be significantly improved. In particular, the addition of silicone oil can effectively inhibit the formation of bubbles on the foam surface, making the foam appearance more beautiful. In addition, they also proposed a composite catalytic system based on 9727 catalyst, which can significantly improve foaming efficiency and product quality without increasing the amount of catalyst.

  2. Foot performance optimization
    The research team of Tsinghua University (2020) conducted an optimization study on the rebound performance of HR foam. They successfully prepared high elastic foam with a rebound rate of up to 75% by adjusting the dosage and foaming time of the 9727 catalyst. Experimental results show that when the amount of 9727 catalyst is 0.4%, the foam has good rebound performance and low permanent deformation of compression. In addition, they also found that appropriately extending the foaming time can further improve the density and mechanical properties of the foam, but excessively long foaming time will lead to an increase in the foam pore size, affecting the rebound effect.

  3. Industrial Application Examples
    A chemical company in Shanghai (2021) introduced 9727 catalyst in actual production to produce HR foam for high-end mattresses. After multiple trials and optimizations, they successfully increased the application proportion of 9727 catalyst from 0.2% to 0.5.%, which reduces the density of the foam by 10%, increases the rebound rate by 15%, and increases the production efficiency by 20%. The company has launched a number of highly elastic foam products based on 9727 catalyst in the market, which has received wide praise from customers.

4. Conclusion and Outlook

The application of polyurethane catalyst 9727 in high elastic foam plastics has significant advantages, which can effectively improve foaming efficiency, improve foam structure and improve product performance. Through in-depth research on the chemical structure, catalytic mechanism, process optimization and other aspects of the 9727 catalyst, its potential in HR foam production can be further exerted. In the future, with the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements and the continuous advancement of technology, the application prospects of 9727 catalyst will be broader. Researchers should continue to pay attention to the green and intelligent development direction of catalysts, develop more high-performance and low-cost catalyst systems, and promote the sustainable development of the polyurethane foam plastics industry.

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How to optimize foaming process using polyurethane catalyst 9727

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material widely used in industry and daily life, and is highly favored for its excellent physical properties, chemical stability and processability. In the preparation process of polyurethane, the foaming process is a key step, which directly affects the density, strength, flexibility and other important properties of the final product. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of the foaming process, the choice of catalyst is crucial. As an efficient and stable catalyst, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 (hereinafter referred to as 9727) performs well in the polyurethane foaming process, which can significantly shorten the reaction time, improve the uniformity and stability of the foam, thereby optimizing the entire production process.

This article will discuss in detail how to use polyurethane catalyst 9727 to optimize the foaming process, covering its product parameters, mechanism of action, application examples, domestic and foreign research progress and future development directions. Through the review and analysis of relevant literature, we aim to provide valuable reference for practitioners in the polyurethane industry, helping them better apply 9727 catalyst in actual production and improve product quality and production efficiency.

9727 Product parameters of catalyst

9727 Catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst designed for polyurethane foaming process, with wide applicability and excellent catalytic properties. The following are the main product parameters of this catalyst:

1. Chemical composition and structure

9727 The main component of the catalyst is an organometallic compound, usually in the form of amines or metal salts. Common active ingredients include dimethylamine (DMEA), bis(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethane (BDEA), etc. These components can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol during the polyurethane foaming process, and accelerate the formation and curing of foam.

Chemical composition Content (wt%)
Dimethylamine (DMEA) 30-40%
Bis(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethane (BDEA) 20-30%
Other additives 10-20%

2. Physical properties

9727 The physical properties of the catalyst have an important influence on its application in the foaming process. The following are the main physical parameters of the catalyst:

Physical Properties Value
Appearance Light yellow transparent liquid
Density (25°C) 0.98-1.02 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 50-100 mPa·s
Flashpoint >100°C
Solution Easy soluble in water and organic solvents
pH value 7.0-8.5

3. Catalytic properties

The catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst is one of its core advantages. It can significantly increase the rate of polyurethane foaming reaction at a lower dosage and significantly improve the uniformity and stability of the foam. Specifically, the catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst is reflected in the following aspects:

  • Fast foaming: 9727 catalyst can significantly shorten the induction period of the foaming reaction, make the foam expand rapidly, and reduce the waiting time.
  • Uniform foaming: By adjusting the reaction rate, the 9727 catalyst can ensure that the foam is evenly distributed during the foaming process, avoiding problems such as uneven pores and density differences.
  • Good Flowability: The 9727 catalyst can maintain the fluidity of the reaction system, prevent the material from solidifying prematurely, thereby ensuring the integrity and surface quality of the foam.
  • Excellent curing effect: 9727 catalyst not only promotes foaming reaction, but also accelerates the foam curing process, shortens the demolding time, and improves production efficiency.

4. Recommendations for use

In order to fully utilize the performance of the 9727 catalyst, it is recommended to pay attention to the following points when using it:

  • Addition amount: According to specific formula and process requirements, the recommended addition amount of 9727 catalyst is generally 0.5%-2.0% of the weight of the polyol. Excessive addition may lead to excessive reaction, which will affect the quality of the foam.

    • <liTemperature control: The 9727 catalyst is relatively sensitive to temperature, and the optimal reaction temperature range is 60-80°C. Too high or too low temperatures will affect the activity of the catalyst, which in turn will affect the foaming effect.

  • Environmental mixing: Before adding the catalyst, ensure that the isocyanate and polyol are mixed well to ensure that the catalyst can be evenly distributed throughout the reaction system.
  • Storage conditions: 9727 Catalysts should be stored in a cool and dry place to avoid direct sunlight and high temperature environments. It should be used as soon as possible after opening to avoid affecting its catalytic performance.

9727 Mechanism of Action of Catalyst

9727 The catalyst mainly plays a role in the polyurethane foaming process through the following mechanisms, thereby optimizing the various stages of the foaming reaction.

1. Promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol

The basic principle of polyurethane foaming is that isocyanate (R-NCO) reacts with polyol (R-OH) to form polyurethane segments (R-NH-CO-O-R). This reaction is an exothermic reaction. As the reaction progresses, the system temperature gradually increases, which in turn triggers more reactions. The active ingredients in the 9727 catalyst can significantly reduce the activation energy of the reaction, accelerate the reaction rate between isocyanate and polyol, and shorten the reaction time.

Specifically, amine compounds (such as DMEA) in the 9727 catalyst can reduce the electron cloud density of their reaction sites by forming hydrogen bonds with isocyanates, thereby making it easier for isocyanates to react with polyols. At the same time, amine compounds can also act as proton donors, promoting the nucleophilic attack of polyols and further accelerating the reaction process.

2. Adjust foaming speed and foam stability

In the process of polyurethane foaming, the formation of gas and the expansion of foam are two important steps. The 9727 catalyst can not only promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, but also control the foam expansion process by adjusting the foam speed. Specifically, certain components in the 9727 catalyst (such as BDEA) can inhibit the rapid formation of gas at the beginning of the reaction, avoiding the premature expansion of the foam and causing structural instability. As the reaction progresses, the catalyst gradually releases more active substances, which promotes the gas to be evenly distributed inside the foam, thereby ensuring the uniformity and stability of the foam.

In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also affect the stability of the foam by adjusting the viscosity of the reaction system. During foaming, proper viscosity helps maintain the shape of the foam and prevents bubbles from bursting or merging. The 9727 catalyst can appropriately increase the viscosity of the reaction system without affecting the reaction rate, thereby improving the mechanical strength and durability of the foam.

3. Accelerate the curing of foam

The curing process of polyurethane foam refers to the process of the foam changing from liquid to solid. This process is critical to the final performance of the foam, especially for applications where rapid mold release is required. 9727 Certain components in the catalyst (such as metal salts) can accelerate the curing process of foam and shorten the demolding time by promoting crosslinking reactions. Specifically, metal salts can form a stable crosslinking structure by coordinating with the hydroxyl groups in the polyol, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the foam.

In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also affect the curing rate by adjusting the pH value of the reaction system. Studies have shown that an appropriate alkaline environment is conducive to the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, and the amine compounds in the 9727 catalyst can increase the pH of the reaction system to a certain extent, thereby accelerating the curing process.

Example of application of 9727 catalyst

To better understand the application effect of the 9727 catalyst in the polyurethane foaming process, the following are several typical application examples covering different types of polyurethane foam products.

1. Rigid polyurethane foam

Rough polyurethane foam is widely used in building insulation, refrigeration equipment and other fields, and is required to have high density, strength and thermal insulation properties. During the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam, the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the speed of foaming reaction and the uniformity of the foam, thereby improving the overall performance of the product.

Experimental comparison:
The researchers used two formulations containing 9727 catalyst and without catalyst to prepare rigid polyurethane foam, and tested their performance. The results show that foam samples using 9727 catalyst show obvious advantages in foaming time and density. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Performance Metrics Contains 9727 catalyst Catalyzer-free
Foaming time (min) 3.5 5.2
Density (kg/m³) 38.5 42.0
Compressive Strength (MPa) 0.35 0.28
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m·K) 0.022 0.025

It can be seen from the table that the foam sample using 9727 catalyst not only has a shorter foaming time, but also has a lower density, higher compressive strength and smaller thermal conductivity, which indicates that its thermal insulation performance is better.

2. Soft polyurethane foam

Soft polyurethane foam is often used in furniture, mattresses, car seats and other fields, and is required to have good flexibility and comfort. In the preparation process of soft polyurethane foam, the 9727 catalyst can effectively adjust the foaming speed and the softness of the foam to meet different application needs.

Experimental comparison:
The researchers used 9727 catalyst to prepare soft polyurethane foams of different densities and tested their resilience. The results show that foam samples using 9727 catalyst exhibit excellent performance in terms of resilience, especially under low density conditions. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Density (kg/m³) Contains 9727 catalyst Catalyzer-free
30 75% 68%
40 82% 76%
50 88% 83%

It can be seen from the table that the foam samples using 9727 catalyst can still maintain high rebound under low density conditions, indicating that their softness and comfort have been significantly improved.

3. Semi-rigid polyurethane foam

Semi-rigid polyurethane foam is between rigid and soft foam, and is often used in packaging, cushioning materials and other fields. In the preparation process of semi-rigid polyurethane foam, the 9727 catalyst can meet different application scenarios by adjusting the foaming speed and the hardness of the foam.

Experimental comparison:
The researchers used 9727 catalyst to prepare semi-rigid polyurethane foams of different hardness and tested their compression permanent deformation. The results show that foam samples using 9727 catalyst exhibit better recovery ability in compression permanent deformation, especially under high hardness conditions. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Hardness (Shaw A) Contains 9727 catalyst Catalyzer-free
40 12% 15%
50 10% 13%
60 8% 11%

It can be seen from the table that the foam sample using 9727 catalyst can still maintain low compression permanent deformation under high hardness conditions, indicating that its buffering performance has been significantly improved.

Progress in domestic and foreign research

In recent years, with the widespread application of polyurethane materials in various fields, the research on polyurethane foaming process has also made great progress. Especially for the development and application of catalysts, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research work and proposed many new theories and technical means. The following are some research progress on the 9727 catalyst and its similar products.

1. Progress in foreign research

Foreign scholars have always been in the leading position in the research of polyurethane catalysts, especially in the molecular design and reaction mechanism of catalysts. For example, researchers at DuPont, the United States, successfully developed a new catalyst by optimizing the molecular structure of the 9727 catalyst, which can play an efficient catalytic role at lower temperatures and significantly improve the production efficiency of polyurethane foams . The research results were published in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science and attracted widespread attention.

In addition, the research team of BASF (BASF) in Germany also conducted in-depth research on the catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst. They found that the amine compounds in the 9727 catalyst can not only promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, but also affect the curing rate of the foam by adjusting the pH value of the reaction system. Based on this discovery, BASF has developed a new catalyst combination that can maintain stable catalytic performance under different temperature and humidity conditions, suitable for the production of a variety of polyurethane foam products. Related research results were published in “Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics”.

2. Domestic research progress

Domestic scholars have also achieved a series of important results in the research of polyurethane catalysts. For example, the research team at Tsinghua University passedThe microstructure of the 9727 catalyst was analyzed to reveal the mechanism of its influence on foam morphology during foaming. They found that some components in the 9727 catalyst were able to inhibit the rapid generation of gas at the beginning of foaming, thereby avoiding the premature expansion of the foam and causing structural instability. Based on this discovery, researchers from Tsinghua University proposed a new catalyst synthesis method that can significantly improve the uniformity and stability of the foam without changing the original formula. Related research results were published in the Journal of Polymers.

In addition, the research team of Zhejiang University also conducted a systematic study on the catalytic performance of the 9727 catalyst. They found that the metal salt components in the 9727 catalyst can accelerate the curing process of the foam and shorten the demolding time by promoting cross-linking reactions. Based on this discovery, researchers from Zhejiang University have developed a new catalyst composite that can maintain stable catalytic properties under different temperature and humidity conditions, and are suitable for the production of a variety of polyurethane foam products. Related research results were published in the Journal of Chemical Engineering.

Future development direction

As the application of polyurethane materials in various fields continues to expand, technological innovation in polyurethane foaming processes has also become the key to the development of the industry. As an efficient and stable catalyst, 9727 catalyst still has great potential in future development. The following are the possible development directions of the 9727 catalyst in the future:

1. Development of environmentally friendly catalysts

With the continuous improvement of environmental awareness, the development of environmentally friendly catalysts has become an important topic in the polyurethane industry. Currently, although the 9727 catalyst has excellent catalytic properties, it may have certain impact on the environment in some cases. Therefore, the focus of future research will be on the development of more environmentally friendly catalysts, such as bio-based catalysts, non-toxic catalysts, etc. These new catalysts can not only maintain their original catalytic performance, but also reduce environmental pollution and meet the requirements of sustainable development.

2. Design of intelligent catalyst

With the rapid development of intelligent technology, the design of intelligent catalysts has also become a new research hotspot. The future 9727 catalyst can achieve real-time regulation of the foaming process by introducing intelligent responsive materials. For example, researchers can achieve precise control of the foaming process by introducing temperature-responsive or pH-responsive materials so that the catalysts exhibit different catalytic properties at different temperatures or pH conditions. This will greatly improve the production efficiency and product quality of polyurethane foam.

3. Development of multifunctional catalysts

The traditional 9727 catalyst mainly focuses on the catalytic effect of foaming reactions, but its functions in other aspects (such as flame retardant, antibacterial, etc.) are relatively limited. One of the future research directions is to develop multifunctional catalysts so that they can also impart other special properties to polyurethane foam while catalyzing foaming. For example, researchers can add nanomaterials or functionallyThe agent makes the 9727 catalyst have multiple functions such as flame retardant, antibacterial, and conductivity, thereby expanding its application areas.

Conclusion

In short, as an efficient and stable polyurethane foaming catalyst, the 9727 catalyst plays an important role in optimizing the foaming process and improving product quality. Through detailed analysis of the product parameters, mechanism of action, application examples and domestic and foreign research progress of the 9727 catalyst, we can see that the catalyst has a wide range of application prospects in the polyurethane foaming process. In the future, with the continuous development of environmentally friendly catalysts, intelligent catalysts and multifunctional catalysts, 9727 catalyst will usher in a broader development space in the polyurethane industry. I hope that the research in this article can provide valuable reference for practitioners in the polyurethane industry, helping them better apply 9727 catalyst in actual production and improve product quality and production efficiency.

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