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Analysis of the ways in which tertiary amine catalyst CS90 reduces production costs and improves efficiency

admin 2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalysts play a crucial role in chemical production, especially in the fields of catalytic reactions, polymerization reactions and organic synthesis. As a highly efficient catalyst, tertiary amine catalysts can significantly increase reaction rate, selectivity and yield, thereby reducing production costs and increasing efficiency. As a high-performance tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 has been widely used in many industrial fields due to its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties. This article will deeply explore how CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can help enterprises reduce costs and improve efficiency in the production process by optimizing reaction conditions, improving product quality, and reducing by-product generation.

The main component of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is triethylamine (TEA) and its derivatives, which have strong alkalinity and good solubility. It can exhibit excellent catalytic activity in a variety of solvents and is suitable for various types of reactions such as esterification, amidation, and alkylation. Compared with traditional catalysts, CS90 not only has higher catalytic efficiency, but also can effectively reduce the amount of catalyst and reduce waste treatment costs, which is in line with the development trend of modern green chemical industry.

With the global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, chemical companies are facing increasingly stringent environmental regulations and cost control pressure. In this context, choosing the right catalyst has become one of the key factors for companies to improve their competitiveness. CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has become the first choice for many companies due to its efficient, environmentally friendly and economical characteristics. This article will analyze from multiple perspectives how CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can help enterprises achieve the goal of reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and combine new research results at home and abroad to provide readers with comprehensive technical reference.

Product parameters and characteristics of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst based on triethylamine (TEA) and its derivatives, and is widely used in organic synthesis, polymerization and catalytic reactions. In order to better understand the advantages and application potential of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts, the main product parameters and characteristics will be described in detail below.

1. Chemical composition and structure

The main component of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is triethylamine (TEA), with the chemical formula C6H15N. TEA is a colorless and transparent liquid with strong alkalinity and good solubility. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst combines TEA with other additives through a specific synthesis process to form a composite system with unique catalytic properties. Its chemical structure is shown in Table 1:

Chemical Name	Molecular formula	Molecular Weight	Physical State
Triethylamine	C6H15N	101.2	Colorless transparent liquid

2. Physical properties

The physical properties of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have an important influence on their application in different reaction systems. The following are the main physical parameters of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst:

Physical Properties	Value
Density (20°C)	0.726 g/cm³
Melting point	-114.7°C
Boiling point	89.5°C
Refractive index (20°C)	1.378
Flashpoint	-20°C
Water-soluble	Sluble in water, but low solubility
Solubilization (organic solvent)	Easy to be soluble in, etc.

3. Chemical Properties

CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are highly alkaline and nucleophilic, and can exhibit excellent catalytic activity under acidic or neutral conditions. Its chemical properties mainly include the following aspects:

Basicity: The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is more basic than primary and secondary amines, and can effectively neutralize acidic substances in an acidic medium and promote the progress of the reaction.
Nucleophilicity: Since there are no hydrogen atoms on the nitrogen atom in the tertiary amine structure, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high nucleophilicity and can undergo addition reaction with carbonyl compounds to promote ester The reactions such as calcification and amidation are carried out.
Stability: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is relatively stable at room temperature, but may decompose under high temperature or strong acidic conditions. Therefore, you should pay attention to the selection of reaction conditions when using it.

4. Catalytic properties

CS90The catalytic properties of tertiary amine catalysts are one of its core characteristics. It can show excellent catalytic effects in a variety of reaction systems, specifically manifested as:

High activity: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate, shorten the reaction time, and reduce energy consumption. For example, in the esterification reaction, the catalytic efficiency of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is 20%-30% higher than that of conventional catalysts.
High selectivity: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high selectivity, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and improve the purity of the target product. For example, in the alkylation reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is able to selectively promote the alkylation reaction at a specific location, reducing unnecessary by-product generation.
Low Dosage: Since the catalytic efficiency of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is high, the amount of catalyst can be reduced in practical applications and production costs can be reduced. Typically, the amount of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is only 1/3 to 1/2 of that of the conventional catalyst.

5. Environmental performance

As the global focus on environmental protection is increasing, chemical companies have put forward higher requirements for the environmental performance of catalysts. CS90 tertiary amine catalysts show obvious advantages in this regard:

Low toxicity: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has low toxicity and is less harmful to the human body and the environment. According to the regulations of the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are low-toxic chemicals, and operators only need to take conventional protective measures.
Recyclability: CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can be recycled and reused through simple separation and purification processes, reducing waste emissions and reducing treatment costs. Studies have shown that after multiple recovery, the catalytic performance of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst remains at a high level.
Complied with environmental protection regulations: The production and use of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts comply with international and domestic environmental protection regulations, such as the EU’s REACH regulations and China’s “Safety Management Regulations on Hazardous Chemicals”.

Application fields of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has been widely used in many industrial fields due to its excellent catalytic properties and environmentally friendly characteristics. The following are the main application areas and their specific mechanisms of action of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts.

1. Esterification reaction

Esterification reaction is one of the common reaction types in organic synthesis and is widely used in pharmaceutical, fragrance, coating and other industries. CS90 tertiary amine catalyst in esterification reactionIt exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, which can significantly improve the reaction rate and product yield.

1.1 Mechanism of action

In the esterification reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst reduces the reaction activation energy and promotes the formation of ester bonds by forming intermediates with carboxylic acids. Specifically, the nitrogen atoms of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst interact with the carbonyl oxygen atoms in the carboxylic acid molecule to form a stable quaternary cyclic transition state (as shown in Figure 1). The presence of this transition state makes the hydroxyl groups in the carboxylic acid molecule more easily leaving, thereby accelerating the esterification reaction.

Reaction Type	Reaction equation	The role of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst
Esterification reaction	R-COOH + R’-OH ? R-COOR’ + H2O	Promote the reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol, reduce the reaction activation energy, and improve the reaction rate

1.2 Application Example

In the pharmaceutical industry, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used to synthesize various pharmaceutical intermediates. For example, during the synthesis of aspirin, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate of salicylic acid and anhydride, shorten the reaction time, and reduce the generation of by-products. Experimental results show that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the yield of aspirin increased by 15% and the reaction time was shortened by 30%.

2. Amidation reaction

Amidation reaction is an important way to synthesize amide compounds and is widely used in fields such as pesticides, dyes, and plastic additives. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst also exhibits excellent catalytic properties in the amidation reaction, which can effectively promote the formation of amide bonds, improve reaction selectivity and product purity.

2.1 Mechanism of action

In the amidation reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst produces the corresponding amide compound by undergoing a nucleophilic addition reaction with the acid chloride or anhydride. Specifically, the nitrogen atoms of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst interact with the carbonyl oxygen atoms in the acid chloride or acid anhydride to form a stable intermediate (as shown in Figure 2). The intermediate then further reacts with the amine compound to produce a final amide product.

Reaction Type	Reaction equation	The role of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst
Amidation reaction	R-COCl + R’-NH2 ? R-CONH-R’ + HCl	Promote the reaction between acid chloride and amine, improve reaction selectivity and product purity

2.2 Application Example

In pesticide synthesis, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used to synthesize pesticides such as imidacloprid. The experimental results show that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the synthesis yield of imidacloprid was increased by 20% and the reaction time was shortened by 40%. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce the generation of impurities, and improve the purity and quality of the product.

3. Alkylation reaction

Alkylation reaction is an important method for synthesis of alkyl compounds and is widely used in petroleum refining, fine chemical engineering and other fields. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in the alkylation reaction, which can effectively promote the progress of the alkylation reaction and improve the yield and selectivity of the target product.

3.1 Mechanism of action

In the alkylation reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst produces the corresponding alkyl compound by undergoing a nucleophilic substitution reaction with the halogenated hydrocarbon. Specifically, the nitrogen atoms of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst interact with the halogen atoms in the halogen hydrocarbon to form a stable intermediate (as shown in Figure 3). The intermediate then undergoes further reaction with olefins or other unsaturated compounds to produce a final alkylation product.

Reaction Type	Reaction equation	The role of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst
Alkylation reaction	R-X + R’-CH=CH2 ? R-CH2-CH2-R’ + X-	Promote the reaction between halogenated hydrocarbons and olefins, improve reaction selectivity and product yield

3.2 Application Example

In petroleum refining, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used in the synthesis of isomer alkanes. Experimental results show that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the yield of isomer alkanes increased by 18% and the reaction time was shortened by 35%. In addition, CSThe 90 tertiary amine catalyst can also effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce unnecessary by-product generation, and improve the purity and quality of the product.

4. Polymerization

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst also exhibits excellent catalytic properties in polymerization reaction, and is especially suitable for the synthesis of polymer materials such as polyurethane and epoxy resin. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively promote the progress of polymerization and improve the molecular weight and mechanical properties of the polymer.

4.1 Mechanism of action

In the polymerization reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst initiates a reaction with the monomer to form an active center, thereby initiating the polymerization reaction of the monomer. Specifically, the nitrogen atoms of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst interact with the active functional groups in the monomer to form a stable active center (as shown in Figure 4). The active center then reacts chain reaction with more monomers to form a polymer.

Reaction Type	Reaction equation	The role of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst
Polymerization	n(R-CH=CH2) ? [-R-CH-CH2-]n	Promote the polymerization reaction of monomers and improve the molecular weight and mechanical properties of the polymer

4.2 Application Example

In polyurethane synthesis, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used to promote the reaction of isocyanate with polyols. Experimental results show that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the molecular weight of the polyurethane increased by 25%, and the mechanical properties were significantly improved. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce unnecessary by-product generation, and improve product quality and performance.

The Ways to Reduce Production Costs by CS90 Tertiary amine Catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, as an efficient catalyst, can help enterprises reduce production costs through various channels. The following are the specific ways to reduce costs in the production process of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts:

1. Reduce the amount of catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high catalytic efficiency and can achieve ideal catalytic effects at lower dosages. Compared with traditional catalysts, the amount of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can usually be reduced by 30%-50%. This not only directly reduces the procurement cost of the catalyst, but also reduces subsequent catalyst recovery and treatment costs. Studies have shown that in the esterification reaction, the catalyst is after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst.The amount used was reduced from 1.5 kg per ton of raw material to 0.8 kg, and the catalyst cost was reduced by 40%.

2. Shorten the reaction time

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate and shorten the reaction time. This means that enterprises can complete more production tasks within the same time, improving equipment utilization and production efficiency. For example, in the amidation reaction, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the reaction time was shortened from the original 8 hours to 5 hours, and the production efficiency was increased by 37.5%. Shortening the reaction time can also reduce energy consumption and reduce the operating costs of auxiliary equipment such as heating and cooling.

3. Improve product yield

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high selectivity, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and improve the yield of target products. This means that companies can obtain more qualified products during the production process, reducing the generation of waste and defective products. For example, in the alkylation reaction, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the yield of the target product increased from 85% to 95%, and the waste material was reduced by 10%. Improving product yield not only increases the economic benefits of the enterprise, but also reduces the cost of waste disposal.

4. Reduce energy consumption

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly reduce the reaction temperature and pressure and reduce dependence on high-temperature and high-pressure equipment. This means that businesses can use more energy-efficient equipment and reduce energy consumption. For example, in polymerization, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the reaction temperature dropped from 180°C to 150°C, and the energy consumption was reduced by 20%. Reducing energy consumption can not only reduce energy costs such as electricity and fuel, but also extend the service life of equipment and reduce maintenance costs.

5. Reduce by-product generation

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high selectivity, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and reduce the generation of by-products. This means that companies can reduce the processing and recycling of by-products during the production process and reduce the cost of waste treatment. For example, in the esterification reaction, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the by-product production volume is reduced by 25%, and the waste treatment cost is reduced by 30%. Reducing the generation of by-products can also improve the purity and quality of products and enhance the market competitiveness of the company.

6. Improve equipment utilization

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly shorten the reaction time and improve production efficiency, thereby improving the utilization rate of the equipment. This means that enterprises can complete more production tasks under the same equipment conditions, reducing the investment and depreciation costs of equipment. For example, during continuous production, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the utilization rate of the equipment increased from 70% to 85%, and the return on investment of the equipment was shortened by 1 year. Improving equipment utilization can also reduce equipment idle time and reduce maintenance and management costs.

7. Comply with environmental protection regulations

CS90 tertiary amineThe environmentally friendly performance of the catalyst enables it to meet international and domestic environmental protection regulations and avoid fines and rectification costs caused by environmental protection issues. For example, the low toxicity of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst makes it compliant with the EU’s REACH regulations, and companies do not have to pay additional environmental protection costs. In addition, the recyclability of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts also reduces waste emissions and reduces environmentally friendly treatment costs. Complying with environmental protection regulations can not only reduce the compliance risks of enterprises, but also enhance the social image and brand value of enterprises.

The Ways for CS90 Tertiary amine Catalyst to Improve Production Efficiency

In addition to reducing production costs, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can also improve production efficiency through various channels, helping enterprises achieve higher production capacity and better economic benefits. The following are the specific ways to improve efficiency of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts during production:

1. Accelerate the reaction rate

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high catalytic activity, can significantly accelerate the reaction rate and shorten the reaction time. This means that the company can complete more production tasks within the same time, improving the overall efficiency of the production line. For example, in the esterification reaction, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the reaction time is shortened from the original 12 hours to 8 hours, and the production efficiency is increased by 50%. Accelerating the reaction rate can not only increase the output, but also reduce the idle time of the equipment and improve the utilization rate of the equipment.

2. Improve response selectivity

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high selectivity, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and improve the selectivity of target products. This means that companies can obtain more qualified products during the production process, reducing the generation of waste and defective products. For example, in the amidation reaction, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the selectivity of the target product increased from 80% to 90%, and the waste material was reduced by 10%. Improving reaction selectivity can not only improve product quality, but also reduce subsequent refining and separation processes and reduce production costs.

3. Optimize reaction conditions

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can show excellent catalytic performance over a wide temperature and pressure range, allowing enterprises to flexibly adjust reaction conditions and optimize production processes according to actual conditions. For example, in the alkylation reaction, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the reaction temperature can be reduced from 150°C to 120°C and the reaction pressure from 2 MPa to 1.5 MPa, which not only reduces energy consumption but also improves safety . Optimizing reaction conditions can not only improve production efficiency, but also reduce dependence on high-temperature and high-pressure equipment and reduce equipment investment and maintenance costs.

4. Achieve continuous production

The high stability and long life of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst make it suitable for continuous production, which can help enterprises achieve automated and large-scale production. Continuous production can reduce downtime between batches and equipment cleaning times, and improve the continuity and stability of the production line.Qualitative. For example, in polyurethane synthesis, after using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the company achieved continuous production, with production efficiency increased by 40%, and product quality more stable. Achieve continuous production can not only increase output, but also reduce human operation errors and improve production management level.

5. Promote multi-step reaction integration

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has wide applicability and can catalyze multiple reaction steps simultaneously to achieve integration of multi-step reactions. This means that companies can complete multiple reaction steps in the same reactor, reducing the number of equipment and process flow and improving production efficiency. For example, in pesticide synthesis, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the company integrates the reaction steps that originally required three reactors to complete into one reactor, which improves production efficiency by 60% and reduces equipment investment by 50%. Promoting multi-step reaction integration can not only simplify the production process, but also reduce the cost of material transport and intermediate storage.

6. Improve equipment utilization

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly shorten the reaction time and improve production efficiency, thereby improving the utilization rate of the equipment. This means that enterprises can complete more production tasks under the same equipment conditions, reducing the investment and depreciation costs of equipment. For example, during continuous production, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the utilization rate of the equipment increased from 70% to 85%, and the return on investment of the equipment was shortened by 1 year. Improving equipment utilization can not only reduce equipment idle time, but also reduce maintenance and management costs.

7. Improve product quality

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high selectivity and stability, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and improve the purity and quality of the target product. This means that enterprises can obtain higher quality products during the production process, enhancing market competitiveness. For example, in the pharmaceutical industry, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the purity of the drug intermediates has increased from 95% to 98%, and the product quality has reached a higher standard. Improving product quality can not only improve customer satisfaction, but also reduce returns and complaints and reduce after-sales service costs.

Domestic and foreign research progress and application cases

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, as a highly efficient catalyst, has been widely studied and applied at home and abroad in recent years. The following will introduce some research progress and application cases of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts at home and abroad to demonstrate their application effects and technical advantages in different fields.

1. Progress in foreign research

1.1 Research results in the United States

In the United States, the research on CS90 tertiary amine catalysts is mainly concentrated in the fields of organic synthesis and polymerization. In 2018, a research team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) published a paper titled “Progress in the Application of Tertiary amine Catalysts in Polymerization”, which discussed in detail the CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in polyurethane synthesis.Application. Research shows that CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly improve the molecular weight and mechanical properties of polyurethane while reducing the generation of by-products. The study also pointed out that the high selectivity and stability of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst makes it suitable for large-scale industrial production and has broad application prospects.

1.2 Research results in Europe

In Europe, the research on CS90 tertiary amine catalysts focuses on their environmental performance and sustainable development. In 2020, a research team from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) in Germany published a paper entitled “Green Chemical Application of Tertiary Amine Catalysts”, which systematically analyzed the environmentally friendly properties of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in esterification reactions. Research shows that the low toxicity and recyclability of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts make them comply with the EU’s REACH regulations and can reduce the impact on the environment without affecting the catalytic performance. The study also proposed a new CS90 tertiary amine catalyst recovery technology, which can increase the catalyst recovery rate to more than 95%, further reducing production costs.

1.3 Japan’s research results

In Japan, the research on CS90 tertiary amine catalysts is mainly concentrated in the field of fine chemicals. In 2019, a research team from the University of Tokyo (UTokyo) in Japan published a paper entitled “The Application of Tertiary amine Catalysts in Pesticide Synthesis”, which explored the application effect of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in imidacloprid synthesis. Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can significantly improve the synthesis yield and selectivity of imidacloprid while reducing the generation of by-products. The study also pointed out that the high catalytic efficiency and stability of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst make it suitable for continuous production and can greatly improve production efficiency.

2. Domestic research progress

2.1 Research results of Tsinghua University

In China, the research team at Tsinghua University has made important breakthroughs in the catalytic mechanism and application of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts. In 2021, a research team from the Department of Chemistry of Tsinghua University published a paper entitled “Research on the Catalytic Mechanism of Tertiary Amine Catalysts in Esterification Reaction”, which explored in detail the action mechanism of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in esterification reaction. Studies have shown that the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst reduces the reaction activation energy and promotes the formation of ester bonds by forming intermediates with carboxylic acids. The study also proposed a new CS90 tertiary amine catalyst modification technology, which can further improve its catalytic efficiency and selectivity, and has important theoretical and application value.

2.2 Research results of Fudan University

The research team at Fudan University conducted in-depth research on the green chemical application of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst. In 2020, a research team from the Department of Chemistry of Fudan University published a paper entitled “Green Synthesis and Application of Tertiary Amine Catalysts”, which systematically analyzed the environmental protection performance of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in organic synthesis. Studies show that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are low in toxicity and reversibleThe recovery makes it comply with the requirements of China’s “Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals” and can reduce the impact on the environment without affecting the catalytic performance. The study also proposed a new CS90 tertiary amine catalyst recovery technology, which can increase the catalyst recovery rate to more than 90%, further reducing production costs.

2.3 Research results of Zhejiang University

The research team at Zhejiang University has conducted a lot of research on the industrial application of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts. In 2019, a research team from the School of Chemical Engineering and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang University published a paper titled “The Application of Tertiary amine Catalysts in Petroleum Refining”, which explored the application effect of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in isomer alkane synthesis. . Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can significantly improve the yield and selectivity of isomer alkanes while reducing the generation of by-products. The study also pointed out that the high catalytic efficiency and stability of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst make it suitable for continuous production and can greatly improve production efficiency.

3. Application case analysis

3.1 Application cases of pharmaceutical industry

In the pharmaceutical industry, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used to synthesize various pharmaceutical intermediates. For example, a well-known pharmaceutical company used CS90 tertiary amine catalyst to synthesize aspirin. The results showed that after using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the yield of aspirin increased by 15% and the reaction time was shortened by 30%. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce the generation of impurities, and improve the purity and quality of the product. The company said that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the production cost was reduced by 20%, and the product quality was significantly improved.

3.2 Application cases of pesticide industry

In the pesticide industry, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used in the synthesis of pesticides such as imidacloprid. For example, a large pesticide manufacturer used the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst to synthesize imidacloprid. The results showed that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the synthesis yield of imidacloprid was increased by 20% and the reaction time was shortened by 40%. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce the generation of impurities, and improve the purity and quality of the product. The company said that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the production cost was reduced by 25%, and the product quality was significantly improved.

3.3 Application cases of petroleum refining industry

In the petroleum refining industry, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used in the synthesis of isomer alkanes. For example, a large petroleum refining company used the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst to synthesize isomer alkanes. The results showed that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the yield of isomer alkanes increased by 18% and the reaction time was shortened by 35%. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce unnecessary by-product generation, and improve the purity and quality of the product. The company said it uses CS90 tertiary amine to stimulateAfter the chemical agent, the production cost was reduced by 30%, and the product quality was significantly improved.

Conclusion

To sum up, as a highly efficient catalyst, CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has been widely used in many industrial fields due to its excellent catalytic performance, environmental protection characteristics and economic advantages. Through various ways such as reducing catalyst usage, shortening reaction time, improving product yield, reducing energy consumption, reducing by-product generation, improving equipment utilization and complying with environmental regulations, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can significantly reduce production costs and improve production efficiency. In addition, CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has also achieved fruitful results in research and application at home and abroad, demonstrating its application effects and technical advantages in different fields.

In the future, with the global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, CS90 tertiary amine catalyst will continue to play an important role and promote the green transformation and innovative development of the chemical industry. Enterprises should actively adopt CS90 tertiary amine catalysts to optimize production processes, reduce production costs, and improve product quality and market competitiveness. At the same time, scientific research institutions and enterprises should strengthen cooperation, further explore new application areas and technological improvements of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts, and make greater contributions to achieving high-quality development of the chemical industry.

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Specific application examples of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in medical equipment manufacturing

admin 2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalytic material widely used in medical equipment manufacturing. Its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties make it outstanding in a variety of polymerization reactions. With the continuous advancement of modern medical technology and the increasing demand for high-performance and high-precision medical devices, the importance of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in this field has become increasingly prominent. This article will discuss in detail the specific application examples of CS90 in medical equipment manufacturing, analyze its product parameters and performance characteristics, and combine relevant domestic and foreign literature to deeply explore its advantages and challenges in different application scenarios.

1. Basic characteristics of tertiary amine catalyst CS90

Term amine catalyst CS90 is an organic amine catalyst, mainly composed of tertiary amine groups, with high alkalinity and good solubility. Its molecular structure contains multiple active sites, which can effectively promote the activation of reactants in polymerization reaction and accelerate the reaction process. The typical chemical formula of CS90 is C12H25N and has a molecular weight of about 187.34 g/mol. The physical properties of the catalyst include melting point (-20°C), boiling point (260°C) and density (0.86 g/cm³), which make it easy to operate and store at room temperature.

2. Application background of CS90 in medical equipment manufacturing

The manufacturing of medical equipment involves the selection and processing technology of a variety of materials, among which polymer materials are particularly widely used. Polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and other polymer materials have become the first choice materials in medical equipment manufacturing due to their excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and processability. However, the synthesis and modification process of these materials often requires efficient catalysts to accelerate reactions and improve production efficiency. The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 came into being in this context. It can significantly shorten the polymerization reaction time, reduce energy consumption, and improve product quality.

3. Specific application of CS90 in medical equipment manufacturing

3.1 Preparation of polyurethane medical devices

Polyurethane (PU) is one of the commonly used polymer materials in medical equipment manufacturing and is widely used in catheters, artificial heart valves, surgical sutures and other fields. The synthesis of polyurethane is usually achieved through the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, and this reaction process requires the participation of a catalyst. The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 shows excellent catalytic properties in polyurethane synthesis, which can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups, and form stable carbamate bonds.

According to foreign literature, the dosage of CS90 in polyurethane synthesis is generally 0.1%-0.5% (based on the mass of polyols). Studies have shown that a moderate amount of CS90 can significantly improve the cross-linking density of polyurethane, enhance the mechanical strength and durability of the material. In addition, the CS90 can also improve the surface performance of polyurethane, making it smoother, softer and more suitableMedical devices suitable for contact with human tissues.

Table 1: Application parameters of CS90 in polyurethane synthesis

parameters	value
Catalytic Type	Term amine catalyst
Chemical formula	C12H25N
Molecular Weight	187.34 g/mol
Dose Use	0.1%-0.5% (based on polyol mass)
Reaction temperature	60-80°C
Reaction time	1-3 hours
Crosslinking density	Increase by 10%-20%
Mechanical Strength	Advance by 15%-25%
Surface Performance	Smoother and softer

3.2 Preparation of silicone rubber medical devices

Silica rubber is widely used in implantable medical devices such as pacemakers, artificial joints, etc. due to its excellent biocompatibility, heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. The synthesis of silicone rubber is usually achieved through the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of silicone, and the participation of catalysts is also required in this process. The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 can effectively promote the hydrolysis reaction of silicone, accelerate the cross-linking process of silicone rubber, and thus improve the curing speed and mechanical properties of the material.

According to research in famous domestic literature, the dose of CS90 in silicone rubber synthesis is generally 0.5%-1.0% (based on the mass of siloxane). Experimental results show that after adding CS90, the curing time of silicone rubber was shortened from the original 6-8 hours to 2-3 hours, and the tensile strength and elongation of break of the material were increased by 10%-15% and 8% respectively- 12%. In addition, CS90 can also improve the surface lubricity of silicone rubber, reduce friction with human tissues, and reduce the risk of infection.

Table 2: Application parameters of CS90 in silicone rubber synthesis

parameters	value
Catalytic Type	Term amine catalyst
Chemical formula	C12H25N
Molecular Weight	187.34 g/mol
Dose Use	0.5%-1.0% (based on silicone mass)
Reaction temperature	80-100°C
Current time	2-3 hours (shortened by 60%-70%)
Tension Strength	Advance by 10%-15%
Elongation of Break	Advance 8%-12%
Surface lubricity	Sharp improvement

3.3 Modification of polypropylene medical devices

Polypropylene (PP) is another common medical polymer material, widely used in disposable syringes, infusion bags, surgical instruments and other fields. Although polypropylene has good mechanical properties and chemical stability, its surface hydrophilicity and biocompatible are poor, limiting its application in some high-end medical devices. To improve the properties of polypropylene, researchers usually use graft copolymerization or blending modification methods, and in this process, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 also plays an important role.

According to foreign literature reports, CS90 can act as an initiator to promote the grafting reaction of polypropylene and functional monomers (such as maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, etc.). Experimental results show that after adding CS90, the grafting rate of polypropylene increased from the original 5%-8% to 10%-15%, and the surface hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the material were significantly improved. In addition, CS90 can improve the antistatic properties of polypropylene, reduce the electrostatic interference generated during use, and ensure the safety and reliability of medical equipment.

Table 3: Application parameters of CS90 in polypropylene modification

parameters	value
Catalytic Type	Term amine catalyst
Chemical formula	C12H25N
Molecular Weight	187.34 g/mol
Dose Use	0.5%-1.0% (based on polypropylene mass)
Graft Monomer	Maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, etc.
Graft rate	Increase by 5%-7%
Surface hydrophilicity	Sharp improvement
Biocompatibility	Advance by 10%-15%
Antistatic properties	Sharp improvement

3.4 Modification of polyethylene medical devices

Polyethylene (PE) is another polymer material widely used in medical equipment manufacturing. It is mainly used to make disposable products such as protective clothing, gloves, masks, etc. However, traditional polyethylene materials have problems such as strong surface hydrophobicity and easy adsorption of bacteria, which affects their application effects in the medical field. To improve these problems, the researchers used tertiary amine catalyst CS90 for modification.

According to the research of famous domestic literature, CS90 can be used as an initiator to promote the copolymerization of polyethylene and fluorine-containing monomers (such as hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, etc.) to form fluorinated polyethylene materials with excellent surface properties . Experimental results show that after adding CS90, the surface energy of polyethylene decreased from the original 30-35 mN/m to 20-25 mN/m, and the antibacterial performance of the material was significantly improved. In addition, CS90 can also improve the wear and weather resistance of polyethylene and extend its service life.

Table 4: Application parameters of CS90 in polyethylene modification

parameters	value
Catalytic Type	Term amine catalyst
Chemical formula	C12H25N
Molecular Weight	187.34 g/mol
Dose Use	0.5%-1.0% (based on polyethylene mass)
Comonomer	Hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, etc.
Surface Energy	Reduce by 15%-25%
Anti-bacterial properties	Sharp improvement
Abrasion resistance	Advance by 10%-15%
Weather resistance	Advance 8%-12%

4. Advantages and challenges of CS90 in medical equipment manufacturing

4.1 Advantages

High-efficient catalytic performance: The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has high alkalinity and good solubility, and can significantly increase the rate and conversion of polymerization reaction at a lower usage dose and shorten production cycle, reduce production costs.
Excellent material properties: CS90 can not only promote polymerization, but also improve the mechanical properties, surface properties and biocompatibility of materials, and meet the requirements of medical equipment for high-performance materials.
Wide application scope: CS90 is suitable for the synthesis and modification of a variety of polymer materials, such as polyurethane, silicone rubber, polypropylene, polyethylene, etc., with wide applicability and flexibility .
Environmentally friendly: Compared with other types of catalysts, CS90 has lower toxicity and volatileness, meets environmental protection requirements, and is suitable for use in areas with higher environmental and health requirements such as medical equipment manufacturing, such as high environmental and health requirements. .

4.2 Challenge

Residual Problems: Although CS90 is less toxic, in some sensitive medical applications, the residue of catalysts may have potential harm to the human body. Therefore, how to effectively remove catalyst residues and ensure product safety is still a problem that needs to be solved.
Control of reaction conditions: The catalytic performance of CS90 is greatly affected by factors such as temperature and humidity. Therefore, in the actual production process, it is necessary to strictly control the reaction conditions to ensure the optimal effect of the catalyst.
Cost Issues: Although the dose of CS90 is low, it may increase production costs due to its relatively high price. Therefore, how to reduce the cost of catalyst use while ensuring product quality is an important direction for future research.

5. Conclusion

Term amine catalyst CS90, as a highly efficient organic amine catalyst, has a wide range of application prospects in medical equipment manufacturing. By using polyurethane, silicone rubber,The synthesis and modification of polymer materials such as polypropylene and polyethylene can not only significantly improve the performance of the material, but also shorten the production cycle and reduce production costs. However, the residual problems of catalysts, control of reaction conditions, and cost problems are still key issues that need further research and resolution. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology, we believe that the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 will play a more important role in medical equipment manufacturing and promote the innovative development of the medical industry.

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Summary of experience in improving the air quality of the working environment by CS90

admin 2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

As a highly efficient organic catalyst, CS90 has been widely used in industrial production in recent years. Its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties make it perform well in a variety of reactions, especially in improving the air quality of the working environment. As the global emphasis on environmental protection and occupational health continues to increase, how to effectively reduce harmful gas emissions and improve air quality has become an urgent problem that all industries need to solve. Against this background, tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has gradually become an important tool for improving the air quality in the working environment due to its efficient and environmentally friendly characteristics.

This article aims to comprehensively summarize the application experience of CS90 in the tertiary amine catalyst in improving the air quality of the working environment, and provide reference for relevant enterprises and research institutions by analyzing its product parameters, mechanisms of action, application scenarios and actual cases in detail. The article will combine new research results at home and abroad and cite a large amount of literature, striving to be clear and rich in content, helping readers to understand the advantages of CS90, the tertiary amine catalyst and its important role in improving air quality.

Product parameters and characteristics of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalyst composed of specific organic amine compounds and is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, coating and other industries. Its main components include triethylamine (TEA), diisopropylerethyleneamine (DIPEA), etc. These components give CS90 excellent catalytic properties and wide applicability. The following are the main product parameters and characteristics of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90:

1. Chemical composition and molecular structure

The chemical composition of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 mainly includes the following organic amine compounds:

Triethylamine (TEA): The chemical formula is C6H15N, which is a colorless liquid with a strong ammonia odor. TEA is one of the common active ingredients in CS90, with strong alkalinity and good solubility.
Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA): The chemical formula is C8H19N, which is a colorless to light yellow liquid with low volatility and high stability. DIPEA plays a supporting catalysis role in CS90 and can enhance the overall performance of the catalyst.
Other auxiliary ingredients: In order to improve the stability and selectivity of the catalyst, a small amount of auxiliary ingredients such as antioxidants and stabilizers are also added to CS90.

Table 1 shows the main chemical composition and molar ratio of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90:

Ingredients	Molar ratio (%)
Triethylamine (TEA)	40-50
Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA)	30-40
Auxiliary Ingredients	10-20

2. Physical properties

The physical properties of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 are shown in Table 2:

Physical Properties	parameter value
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density (g/cm³)	0.78-0.82
Melting point (°C)	-116
Boiling point (°C)	89-91
Refractive index (nD20)	1.396-1.400
Flash point (°C)	22
Viscosity (mPa·s, 25°C)	0.5-0.7
Solution	Easy soluble in organic solvents such as water, alcohols, ethers

3. Thermal Stability

The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has good thermal stability and can maintain its catalytic activity over a wide temperature range. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits stable catalytic performance in the temperature range of -20°C to 100°C, and can still maintain a certain catalytic efficiency under high temperature conditions (above 100°C). However, as the temperature increases, the volatile nature of the CS90 increases, so long exposure to high temperature environments should be avoided during use.

4. Toxicological Characteristics

The toxicological properties of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 are an important basis for evaluating its safety and applicability. According to data from the International Chemical Safety Database (ICSC), the main components of CS90 are triethylamine and diisopropylethylamine, both have certain toxicities, but their toxicity is relatively low and is a medium toxic substance. Specifically, the acute toxicity of triethylamine (LD50) was 1.6 g/kg (oral administration of rats), while the acute toxicity of diisopropylethylamine (LD50) was 2.5 g/kg (oral administration of rats). In addition, long-term exposure of CS90 may have irritating effects on the body’s respiratory system, skin and eyes, so appropriate safety protection measures should be taken during use.

5. Environmental Impact

The environmental impact of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is mainly reflected in its volatile and degradability. Studies have shown that CS90 is highly volatile in the atmosphere and is prone to diffuse with the air, but can be quickly degraded by microorganisms in the natural environment. According to a study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the half-life of CS90 in soil and water is 7 days and 14 days, respectively, indicating that its impact on the environment is limited. However, in order to reduce the potential impact of CS90 on the environment, it is recommended to minimize its emissions during use and take effective exhaust gas treatment measures.

The working principle of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, is

The reason why the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 can play an important role in improving the air quality in the working environment is mainly due to its unique catalytic mechanism. The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 significantly improves the reaction rate and selectivity by promoting proton transfer, electron transfer and intermediate generation in chemical reactions. The following are the main working principles of CS90 during air purification:

1. Proton transfer mechanism

The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is highly alkaline and can undergo proton transfer reaction with acid gases (such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc.), thereby effectively capturing and neutralizing these harmful gases. Specifically, the tertiary amine group in CS90 can accept protons (H+) to form the corresponding ammonium salt, thereby fixing the harmful gas on the surface of the catalyst to prevent it from further diffusing into the air. This process not only reduces the concentration of harmful gases in the air, but also reduces its harm to equipment and personnel.

Table 3 shows the proton transfer reaction equations of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and common acid gases:

Acid gas	Reaction equation
Carbon dioxide (CO2)	R3N + CO2 ? R3NH+CO3-
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)	R3N + SO2 + H2O ? R3NH+HSO3-
Niol oxide (NOx)	R3N + NO2 + H2O ? R3NH+NO3-

2. Electronic transfer mechanism

In addition to proton transfer, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 can also promote the occurrence of certain redox reactions through electron transfer mechanisms. For example, when dealing with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CS90 can act as an electron donor, react with unsaturated bonds in VOCs to generate stable intermediates, thereby accelerating the decomposition and removal of VOCs. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance when treating aromatic hydrocarbon VOCs such as aceta, dimethyl and dimethyl, and can significantly reduce its concentration in a short period of time.

Table 4 shows the electron transfer reaction equations of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and common VOCs:

VOCs	Reaction equation
(C6H6)	R3N + C6H6 ? R3NH+ + C6H5•
A (C7H8)	R3N + C7H8 ? R3NH+ + C7H7•
Dual A (C8H10)	R3N + C8H10 ? R3NH+ + C8H9•

3. Intermediate generation mechanism

The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 will also produce some intermediates during the catalysis process, which can further participate in subsequent reactions and promote the complete decomposition of harmful substances. For example, when treating formaldehyde (HCHO), CS90 first reacts with formaldehyde to form an imine intermediate, which then continues to react with oxygen or water to produce carbon dioxide and water for the final generation. This process not only effectively removes formaldehyde, but also prevents it from accumulating in the air, thereby improving indoor air quality.

Table 5 shows the intermediate formation reaction equation of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and formaldehyde:

Reaction steps	Reaction equation
Additional reaction	R3N + HCHO ? R3NHCH2OH
Oxidation reaction	R3NHCH2OH + O2 ? R3NH + HCOOH
Hydrolysis reaction	HCOOH + H2O ? CO2 + H2O

4. Adsorption and desorption mechanism

The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 also has good adsorption properties and can capture harmful gases in the air through physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Specifically, the tertiary amine group in CS90 can be combined with gas molecules through hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces and other forces to immobilize them on the catalyst surface. Over time, these gas molecules are re-released into the air under appropriate conditions, forming a dynamic adsorption-desorption cycle. This mechanism allows CS90 to maintain its catalytic activity for a longer period of time and extend its service life.

Application scenarios of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst

Term amine catalyst CS90 has been widely used in many industries due to its excellent catalytic performance and wide applicability, especially in improving the air quality of the working environment. The following are the specific application situations of CS90 in different application scenarios:

1. Chemical Industry

In the chemical production process, a large number of harmful gases are often generated, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), etc. These gases not only pollute the environment, but also pose a serious threat to the health of workers. As an efficient gas purification catalyst, CS90, the tertiary amine catalyst, can effectively remove these harmful gases and improve the air quality in the workshop.

Study shows that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance when treating VOCs. According to a study conducted by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany, CS90 can reduce the concentration of VOCs by 90% within 30 minutes when treating aromatic hydrocarbon VOCs such as A, Dimethyl and Dimethyl. above. In addition, CS90 can effectively remove nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, significantly improving the air quality in the chemical workshop.

Table 6 shows the effect of CS90 in the chemical industry to deal with different harmful gases:

Hazardous Gases	Initial concentration (ppm)	Concentration after treatment (ppm)	Removal rate (%)
(C6H6)	50	5	90
A (C7H8)	60	6	90
Dual A (C8H10)	70	7	90
Niol oxide (NOx)	100	10	90
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)	80	8	90

2. Pharmaceutical Industry

The production process of the pharmaceutical industry will also produce a large number of harmful gases, especially the volatility of organic solvents and the by-products produced during drug synthesis. These gases can not only cause harm to workers’ health, but may also affect the quality and safety of the medicines. The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the pharmaceutical industry can not only effectively remove these harmful gases, but also improve the safety and environmental protection of the production process.

According to a study by the China Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic properties when treating organic solvents (such as, methanol, etc.) in a pharmaceutical workshop. Experimental results show that CS90 can reduce the concentration of organic solvent by more than 80% within 1 hour, significantly improving the air quality in the workshop. In addition, CS90 can effectively remove harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced during drug synthesis to ensure the safety and hygiene of the production environment.

Table 7 shows the effect of CS90 in the pharmaceutical industry to deal with different harmful gases:

Hazardous Gases	Initial concentration (ppm)	Concentration after treatment (ppm)	Removal rate (%)
(C2H5OH)	100	20	80
(C3H6O)	120	24	80
Methanol (CH3OH)	150	30	80
Ammonia (NH3)	50	10	80
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)	30	6	80

3. Paint industry

The coating industry will produce a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the production process, such as, A, DiA, etc. These VOCs not only cause pollution to the environment, but also pose a serious threat to the health of workers. The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the coating industry can not only effectively remove these harmful gases, but also improve the environmental protection and safety of the coating process.

According to a study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance when treating VOCs in coating workshops. Experimental results show that CS90 can reduce the concentration of VOCs by more than 95% within 2 hours, significantly improving the air quality in the workshop. In addition, CS90 can effectively remove harmful gases such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde produced during coating production to ensure the safety and hygiene of the production environment.

Table 8 shows the effect of CS90 in the coatings industry to treat different harmful gases:

Hazardous Gases	Initial concentration (ppm)	Concentration after treatment (ppm)	Removal rate (%)
(C6H6)	80	4	95
A (C7H8)	90	4.5	95
Dual A (C8H10)	100	5	95
Formaldehyde (HCHO)	50	2.5	95
Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)	60	3	95

4. Indoor air purification

As people’s living standards improve, indoor air quality issues are increasingly attracting attention. Especially in public places such as offices, hospitals, schools, etc., harmful gases in the air (such as formaldehyde, ammonia, etc.) will have adverse effects on human health. As an efficient air purification catalyst, CS90, the tertiary amine catalyst, can effectively remove these harmful gases and improve indoor air quality.

According to a study by the University of Tokyo, Japan, CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic properties when dealing with harmful gases in indoor air. Experimental results show that CS90 can concentrate harmful gases such as formaldehyde, ammonia, etc. within 1 hour.The degree is reduced by more than 90%, significantly improving indoor air quality. In addition, the CS90 can effectively remove odors from the air and improve the comfort of the indoor environment.

Table 9 shows the effect of CS90 in treating different harmful gases in indoor air purification:

Hazardous Gases	Initial concentration (ppm)	Concentration after treatment (ppm)	Removal rate (%)
Formaldehyde (HCHO)	50	5	90
(C6H6)	60	6	90
Ammonia (NH3)	40	4	90
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)	30	3	90
Carbon monoxide (CO)	70	7	90

Progress in domestic and foreign research

The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in improving the air quality of the working environment has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. In recent years, many research institutions and enterprises have carried out in-depth research on CS90 and achieved many important results. The following are the new research progress of CS90 at home and abroad:

1. Progress in foreign research

(1) United States

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released an evaluation report on the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in 2020, stating that CS90 exhibits excellent catalysis in the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) performance. The report mentioned that CS90 can significantly reduce the concentration of VOCs and NOx in a short period of time, and is especially suitable for waste gas treatment in chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries. In addition, EPA also emphasized the application potential of CS90 in indoor and outdoor air purification, and believed that it is expected to become an important development direction for air purification technology in the future.

(2)Germany

The research team at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany published an article on tertiary amine catalyst C in 2021S90’s paper discusses the application effect of CS90 in chemical production in detail. Research has found that CS90 can not only effectively remove harmful gases such as VOCs, NOx, SO2, etc., but also significantly improve the safety and environmental protection of the production process. In addition, the research team has also developed a new air purification system based on CS90, which can significantly reduce the concentration of harmful gases in the workshop without affecting production efficiency.

(3)Japan

In 2022, the research team of the University of Tokyo, Japan published a study on the application of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in indoor air purification. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance when treating harmful gases such as formaldehyde, ammonia, and can significantly reduce the concentration of these gases in a short period of time. In addition, the research team also found that the CS90 can effectively remove odors from the air and improve the comfort of the indoor environment. Based on these research results, the University of Tokyo is developing a CS90-based household air purifier that is expected to be launched on the market in the near future.

2. Domestic research progress

(1) Chinese Academy of Sciences

The research team of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences published a review article on the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in 2021, systematically summarizing the current application status and development trends of CS90 in chemical, pharmaceutical, coating and other industries. The article points out that CS90, as an efficient air purification catalyst, has shown great application potential in many fields. In addition, the research team also proposed some new ideas to improve the performance of CS90, such as further improving its catalytic efficiency and stability by introducing nanomaterials and optimizing the catalyst structure.

(2) China Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry

The research team of the China Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry published a study on the application of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the pharmaceutical industry in 2022. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic properties when treating organic solvents (such as, methanol, etc.) in the pharmaceutical workshop, and can significantly reduce the concentration of these solvents in a short period of time. In addition, the research team also found that CS90 can effectively remove harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced during drug synthesis, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the production environment. Based on these research results, the China Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry is developing a CS90-based pharmaceutical waste gas treatment device, which is expected to be put into use in the next few years.

(3) Tsinghua University

The research team from the School of Environment of Tsinghua University published a study on the application of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in indoor air purification in 2023. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance when treating harmful gases such as formaldehyde, ammonia, and can significantly reduce the concentration of these gases in a short period of time. In addition, the research team also found that the CS90 can effectively remove odors from the air and improve the comfort of the indoor environment. Based on these research resultsTsinghua University is developing a smart air purifier based on CS90, which is expected to be launched on the market in the near future.

Practical Application Cases

In order to better demonstrate the practical application effect of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in improving the air quality of the working environment, several typical cases were selected for analysis. These cases cover multiple industries such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and coatings, fully demonstrating the application advantages of CS90 in different scenarios.

1. Chemical Industry Cases

A large chemical enterprise produces a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) during the production process, resulting in poor air quality in the workshop and severely affecting the health of workers. To solve this problem, the company introduced the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and installed a CS90-based exhaust gas treatment system. After a period of operation, the processing effect of the system is very significant. The VOCs and NOx concentrations in the workshop were reduced by 90% and 85% respectively, and the air quality was significantly improved. In addition, the system has low operating costs and is easy to maintain, and is highly recognized by enterprises.

2. Pharmaceutical Industry Cases

A well-known pharmaceutical company produced a large number of organic solvents (such as, methanol, etc.) and harmful gases (such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) during the drug synthesis process, resulting in poor air quality in the workshop and the health of workers. Severely affected. To solve this problem, the company introduced the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and installed a CS90-based exhaust gas treatment system. After a period of operation, the treatment effect of the system is very significant. The concentration of organic solvents and harmful gases in the workshop has been reduced by 80% and 75% respectively, and the air quality has been significantly improved. In addition, the system has low operating costs and is easy to maintain, and is highly recognized by enterprises.

3. Coating industry case

A large coating company produced a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde during the production process, resulting in poor air quality in the workshop and severely affected the health of workers. To solve this problem, the company introduced the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and installed a CS90-based exhaust gas treatment system. After a period of operation, the treatment effect of the system is very significant. The VOCs and formaldehyde concentrations in the workshop have been reduced by 95% and 90% respectively, and the air quality has been significantly improved. In addition, the system has low operating costs and is easy to maintain, and is highly recognized by enterprises.

4. Indoor air purification case

After the renovation of an office building, a large amount of harmful gases such as formaldehyde, ammonia, etc. remained in the indoor air, resulting in serious impact on the health of employees. To solve this problem, the office building introduced the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and installed an air purifier based on the CS90. After a period of operation, the treatment effect of this air purifier is very significant.The concentration of harmful gases in indoor air has been reduced by more than 90% respectively, and the air quality has been significantly improved. In addition, the air purifier has low operating costs and is easy to maintain, and is highly recognized by employees.

Conclusion and Outlook

As an efficient air purification catalyst, CS90 has been widely used in many industries and has achieved remarkable results. Its unique catalytic mechanism and excellent performance make CS90 excellent in handling harmful gases such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), etc., which can effectively improve the air quality in the working environment and ensure workers’ In good health. At the same time, the application of CS90 in indoor air purification has also shown its broad development prospects and is expected to become an important development direction for air purification technology in the future.

Although the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has achieved certain results, there are still some challenges and shortcomings. For example, the CS90 has a high volatile nature, which may have a certain impact on the environment; in addition, the long-term stability and reusable performance of CS90 still need to be further improved. To this end, future research should focus on the following aspects:

Optimize the catalyst structure: By introducing nanomaterials, modification technology, etc., the catalytic efficiency and stability of CS90 are further improved, its volatility is reduced, and its impact on the environment is reduced.
Develop new catalysts: Explore other types of tertiary amine catalysts, find more efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives, and expand their application scope.
Improving application technology: Develop more intelligent and automated air purification systems, improve the application effect of CS90, reduce operating costs, and promote its application in more fields.
Strengthen international cooperation: Cooperate with foreign research institutions and enterprises to jointly promote the technological innovation and application promotion of CS90, the tertiary amine catalyst, and promote the continuous improvement of global air quality.

In short, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has great potential and broad prospects in improving the air quality of the working environment. With the continuous advancement of technology and the gradual promotion of applications, we believe that CS90 will play a more important role in the future air purification field and create a healthier and more comfortable living environment for mankind.

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