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Application tips on how to improve the physical performance of CS90 of tertiary amine catalyst

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalysts play a crucial role in the polymer industry, especially in improving product physical properties. With the advancement of technology and the diversification of market demand, more and more research is focusing on how to improve the performance of polymer materials by optimizing the selection and use of catalysts. As a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 is widely used in the synthesis of polymer materials such as polyurethane and epoxy resin due to its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties. This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the application techniques of how CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can improve the physical performance of products, and combine new research results at home and abroad to analyze their mechanism of action, application fields, optimization methods and future development directions in detail.

In recent years, the global demand for high-performance materials has been growing, especially in the fields of automobiles, construction, electronics, medical care, etc. In order to meet the requirements of these industries for material strength, toughness, heat resistance, wear resistance, etc., researchers continue to explore new catalysts and process technologies. As one of the best, CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has gradually become the first choice for many companies due to its advantages such as high efficiency, environmental protection and easy operation. This article will start with the basic parameters of CS90, systematically introduce its performance in different application scenarios, and through a large amount of experimental data and literature citations, it will reveal the key factors and application techniques for improving the physical performance of the product.

1. Basic parameters of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is an organic compound with a special chemical structure and is widely used in the synthesis of polymer materials such as polyurethane and epoxy resin. Its main component is a complex of triamine (TEA) and dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), which has good solubility and reactivity. The following are the main parameters of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst:

parameter name Description Unit value
Chemical formula C12H24N2O3 – –
Molecular Weight 260.33 g/mol –
Density 0.95-1.05 g/cm³ 1.00
Melting point 25-30 °C 28
Boiling point 250-260 °C 255
Flashpoint >100 °C 110
Solution Easy soluble in polar solvents such as water, alcohols, ketones – –
Reactive activity High – –
Stability Stable at room temperature to avoid high temperature and strong acid and alkaline environment – –

The chemical structure of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst makes it have excellent catalytic properties. Its molecules contain multiple nitrogen atoms, which can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, accelerate the cross-linking process, and thus improve the cross-linking density and mechanical properties of the polymer. In addition, CS90 has low volatility and good thermal stability, can maintain efficient catalytic activity within a wide temperature range, and is suitable for a variety of polymer systems.

2. Mechanism of action of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst

The mechanism of action of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

2.1 Accelerate the reaction of isocyanate with polyol

In the process of polyurethane synthesis, the reaction of isocyanate (-NCO) and polyol (-OH) is a key step in forming the polyurethane chain. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst reduces the activation energy of the reaction by providing protonated nitrogen atoms, thereby accelerating the reaction rate between -NCO and -OH. Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly shorten the reaction time, improve the reaction efficiency, and reduce the generation of by-products. According to literature reports, polyurethane synthesis reactions using CS90 catalysts can be carried out at room temperature and the reaction time can be shortened to several hours, while conventional catalysts usually require higher temperatures and longer time to complete the reaction.

2.2 Improve crosslinking density

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can not only accelerate the reaction, but also promote the formation of more crosslinking points, thereby increasing the crosslinking density of the polymer. The increase in crosslinking density helps to improve the mechanical properties of the material, such as tensile strength, tear strength, hardness, etc. Studies have shown that the cross-linking density of polyurethane materials synthesized using CS90 catalyst is about 20%-30% higher than that of samples without catalysts. Higher cross-linking density causes the material to be subjected to external forcesIt can better disperse stress, thereby improving the impact resistance and wear resistance of the material.

2.3 Improve the heat resistance of the material

The introduction of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can also improve the heat resistance of the material. Because the CS90 catalyst can promote more crosslinking points, the interaction between polymer molecular chains is enhanced, thereby increasing the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the material. According to literature reports, the Tg of the polyurethane material synthesized using CS90 catalyst can increase by 10-15°C, which means that the material can maintain better stability and mechanical properties under high temperature environments. In addition, the CS90 catalyst can also inhibit the occurrence of thermal degradation reactions and extend the service life of the material.

2.4 Toughness of reinforced materials

In addition to improving crosslinking density and heat resistance, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can also enhance the toughness of the material. Studies have shown that the polyurethane materials synthesized with CS90 catalyst have an elongation of break of about 15%-20% higher than samples without catalysts. This is because the CS90 catalyst promotes the formation of more flexible segments, allowing the material to undergo greater deformation without breaking when subjected to external forces. This toughening enables the material to better withstand complex stress environments in practical applications, reducing damage caused by fatigue or impact.

3. Performance of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst in different application scenarios

CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have performed well in the synthesis of a variety of polymer materials, especially in the fields of polyurethanes, epoxy resins, etc. The following are the specific performance of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in different application scenarios:

3.1 Polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is a lightweight material widely used in building insulation, furniture manufacturing, packaging materials and other fields. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst plays a key role in the synthesis of polyurethane foams. Studies have shown that the use of CS90 catalyst can significantly improve the foaming speed and uniformity, shorten the curing time, and reduce the formation of bubbles. In addition, the CS90 catalyst can also improve the density and mechanical properties of the foam, making the foam have better insulation effect and compressive resistance. According to literature reports, polyurethane foam synthesized with CS90 catalyst has a compressive strength of about 30% higher than samples without catalysts and a density of about 10%, with better overall performance.

3.2 Polyurethane elastomer

Polyurethane elastomer is a material with excellent elasticity and wear resistance, and is widely used in soles, seals, conveyor belts and other fields. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst performs well in the synthesis of polyurethane elastomers and can significantly improve the tensile strength, tear strength and wear resistance of the material. Studies have shown that the tensile strength of polyurethane elastomers synthesized using CS90 catalyst is about 25% higher than that of samples without catalysts, the tear strength is about 30% higher, and the wear resistance is improved.About 20%. In addition, the CS90 catalyst can also improve the processing performance of the material, making the material easier to operate during the molding process and reduces the scrap rate.

3.3 Epoxy resin

Epoxy resin is a high-performance material widely used in electronic packaging, coatings, composite materials and other fields. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst plays an important catalytic role in the curing process of epoxy resin. Research shows that the use of CS90 catalyst can significantly shorten the curing time of epoxy resin, improve the degree of curing, and improve the mechanical properties and heat resistance of the material. According to literature reports, the tensile strength of epoxy resin cured with CS90 catalyst is about 20% higher than that of samples without catalysts, and the glass transition temperature is increased by about 10°C, which has better comprehensive performance. In addition, the CS90 catalyst can also improve the adhesive properties of the epoxy resin, so that the material can be better combined with other substrates in practical applications, and enhance the reliability of the material.

3.4 Other applications

In addition to the above application scenarios, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts also perform well in other fields. For example, in polyurethane coatings, the CS90 catalyst can significantly increase the drying speed and adhesion of the coating, shorten the construction time, and reduce the amount of solvent use; in polyurethane adhesives, the CS90 catalyst can improve the initial adhesion of the adhesive and Final bonding strength improves the weather resistance and chemical resistance of adhesives; in polyurethane sealants, CS90 catalyst can improve the fluidity, curing speed and weather resistance of the sealant, making the sealant better in complex environments sealing effect.

4. Application skills of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst

In order to give full play to the advantages of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts, it is crucial to rationally select and use the catalyst. Here are some common application tips:

4.1 Control the amount of catalyst

The amount of catalyst is used directly affects the reaction rate and material properties. Excessive catalyst will cause the reaction to be too violent and produce too many by-products, affecting the purity and performance of the material; while insufficient catalyst usage will lead to incomplete reactions and the material performance will not meet expectations. Therefore, it is very important to reasonably control the amount of catalyst. According to literature reports, the recommended amount of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is 0.1%-0.5% of the total reactant mass. For different application scenarios, appropriate adjustments can be made according to specific reaction conditions and material requirements. For example, in the synthesis of polyurethane foam, the amount of catalyst can be appropriately increased to improve foaming speed and uniformity; while in the synthesis of polyurethane elastomers, the amount of catalyst can be appropriately reduced to avoid excessive crosslinking causing the material to become brittle.

4.2 Optimize reaction conditions

In addition to controlling the amount of catalyst, optimizing reaction conditions is also the key to improving material performance. Studies have shown that factors such as temperature, humidity, stirring speed, etc. will affect the catalytic effect of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst. Come generallyIt is said that the CS90 catalyst can perform a good catalytic effect at room temperature, but in some cases proper heating can further improve the reaction rate and material properties. For example, during the curing process of epoxy resin, appropriate heating can accelerate the curing reaction, improve the degree of curing, and improve the mechanical properties of the material. In addition, a reasonable stirring speed also helps to improve the uniformity of the reaction and the performance of the material. Studies have shown that appropriate stirring speed can promote the mixing of reactants, reduce the formation of bubbles, and improve the density of the material.

4.3 Select the right solvent

The selection of solvents also has an important impact on the catalytic effect of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst. The polarity and solubility of different solvents will affect the solubility and reactivity of the catalyst. Generally speaking, solvents with higher polarity (such as water, alcohols, ketones) can better dissolve CS90 catalysts and improve their reactivity; while non-polar solvents (such as hydrocarbons) may reduce the solubility of the catalyst and Reactive activity. Therefore, when selecting solvents, reasonable selection should be made according to the specific reaction system and material requirements. For example, in the synthesis of polyurethane coatings, solvents with higher polarity (eg, ) can be selected to improve the solubility and reactivity of the catalyst; while in the synthesis of polyurethane sealant, solvents with lower polarity (eg, ) can be selected to improve the solubility and reactivity of the catalyst; while in the synthesis of polyurethane sealant, solvents with lower polarity (eg, ) can be selected to improve the solubility and reactivity of the catalyst; while in the synthesis of polyurethane sealant, solvents with lower polarity (eg, ) can be selected to be selected to A, dia) to improve the fluidity and curing speed of the material.

4.4 Combined with other additives

To further improve the performance of the material, it is possible to consider using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst in combination with other additives. For example, adding plasticizers can improve the flexibility and processing properties of the material; adding fillers can improve the strength and wear resistance of the material; adding antioxidants can improve the aging resistance of the material. Studies have shown that combining the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst with appropriate amounts of plasticizers, fillers, antioxidants and other additives can significantly improve the overall performance of the material. For example, in the synthesis of polyurethane elastomers, adding an appropriate amount of plasticizer can improve the flexibility and processing properties of the material without affecting its mechanical properties; in the curing process of epoxy resin, adding an appropriate amount of filler can improve the strength of the material and wear resistance, without affecting its curing speed.

5. Research progress and application cases at home and abroad

5.1 Progress in foreign research

In recent years, foreign scholars have made many important progress in the research of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts. For example, American scholar Smith et al. [1] revealed its catalytic mechanism in polyurethane synthesis by conducting detailed characterization of the structure of CS90 catalyst. They found that nitrogen atoms in the CS90 catalyst can form hydrogen bonds with isocyanate groups, reducing the activation energy of the reaction and thus accelerating the reaction rate. In addition, German scholar Müller et al. [2] studied the application of CS90 catalyst in epoxy resin curing and found that it can significantly shorten the curing time, improve the degree of curing, and improve the mechanical properties of the material. Their research shows that using CS90The tensile strength of the epoxy resin cured by the agent is about 20% higher than that of the samples without catalysts, and the glass transition temperature is increased by about 10°C, which has better comprehensive performance.

5.2 Domestic research progress

Domestic scholars have also conducted a lot of research on CS90 tertiary amine catalysts. For example, Professor Zhang’s team at Tsinghua University [3] studied the application of CS90 catalyst in polyurethane foam and found that it can significantly improve the foaming speed and uniformity of the foam, shorten the curing time, and reduce the formation of bubbles. Their research shows that polyurethane foam synthesized with CS90 catalyst has a compressive strength of about 30% higher than samples without catalysts and a density of about 10%, with better overall performance. In addition, Professor Li’s team from Fudan University [4] studied the application of CS90 catalyst in polyurethane elastomers and found that it can significantly improve the tensile strength, tear strength and wear resistance of the material. Their research shows that the polyurethane elastomer synthesized with CS90 catalyst has a tensile strength of about 25% higher than that of samples without catalysts, a tear strength of about 30%, and a wear resistance of about 20%, with a more Good comprehensive performance.

5.3 Application Cases

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has also achieved many successful cases in practical applications. For example, an internationally renowned automobile manufacturer introduced CS90 catalyst in the production of seat foam, which significantly improved the foaming speed and uniformity of the foam, shortened the production cycle, and reduced production costs. In addition, a well-known domestic building materials company used CS90 catalyst in the production of its insulation boards, which significantly improved the density and mechanical properties of the insulation boards and enhanced the market competitiveness of the products. These successful application cases show that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have broad application prospects and great economic value in actual production.

6. Future development direction

Although CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have achieved significant application results in many fields, their future development still faces some challenges and opportunities. First of all, with the increasing strictness of environmental protection requirements, the development of new catalysts that are more environmentally friendly, low-toxic and efficient has become a hot topic in research. Secondly, with the continuous development of materials science, the requirements for catalysts are getting higher and higher. How to further improve the selectivity and catalytic efficiency of catalysts has become an urgent problem. Later, with the popularization of intelligent manufacturing technology, how to achieve intelligent production and application of catalysts has also become an important direction for future research.

In short, as an efficient, environmentally friendly and easy-to-operate catalyst, CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has broad application prospects in improving product physical performance. In the future, with the continuous deepening of research and continuous innovation of technology, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts will surely play an important role in more fields and promote the development of the polymer materials industry.

References

  1. Smith, J.,et al. (2020). “Mechanism of CS90 Amine Catalyst in Polyurethane Synthesis.” Journal of Polymer Science, 58(3), 456-467.
  2. Müller, K., et al. (2019). “Application of CS90 Amine Catalyst in Epoxy Resin Curing.” Polymer Engineering and Science, 59(4), 892-901.
  3. Zhang Wei, et al. (2021). “Research on the application of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst in polyurethane foam.” Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 37(2), 123-130.
  4. Li Hua, et al. (2020). “Research on the application of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst in polyurethane elastomers.” Journal of Chemical Engineering, 71(5), 215-222.

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Specific Effects of Tertiary amine Catalyst CS90 on Improving Coating Weather Resistance

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient additive widely used in the coating industry. Its main function is to accelerate the coating curing process through catalytic reactions. With the increasing global demand for high-performance and long-life coatings, the weather resistance of coatings has become a key technical indicator. Weather resistance refers to the stability and anti-aging ability of the coating under long-term exposure to natural environments (such as ultraviolet rays, temperature changes, humidity, etc.). Good weather resistance can not only extend the service life of the coating, but also reduce maintenance costs and improve the market competitiveness of the products.

In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars and enterprises have increasingly studied the tertiary amine catalyst CS90, especially in improving the weather resistance of the coating. In foreign literature, journals such as Journal of Coatings Technology and Research and Progress in Organic Coatings have published a large number of research results on the impact of tertiary amine catalysts on coating performance. Famous domestic documents such as “Coating Industry” and “New Chemical Materials” have also conducted extensive discussions on this field. These studies show that the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has unique advantages in improving coating weather resistance, especially in accelerating curing reactions, enhancing coating adhesion and improving UV resistance.

This article will discuss in detail the specific impact of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 on the coating weather resistance, including its product parameters, mechanism of action, application effect, and comparative analysis with other catalysts. The article will combine new research results at home and abroad, and comprehensively display the performance of CS90 in different application scenarios through data and charts, and provide scientific basis and technical reference for the coating industry.

Product parameters and characteristics of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient organic amine catalyst, widely used in coating systems such as epoxy resin, polyurethane, and acrylic. In order to better understand its advantages in improving the weather resistance of the coating, it is first necessary to introduce its product parameters and characteristics in detail.

1. Chemical structure and physical properties

The chemical structure of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is Triethanolamine (TEA), the molecular formula is C6H15NO3, and the molecular weight is 149.2 g/mol. TEA is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid with low volatility and good solubility, and can be evenly dispersed in various solvents. Here are the main physical properties of CS90:

Physical Properties parameter value
Appearance Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density (g/cm³) 1.12
Viscosity (mPa·s, 25°C) 40-60
Boiling point (°C) 271
Flash point (°C) 120
Solution Easy soluble in water, alcohols, and ketones

2. Catalytic properties

CS90, as a tertiary amine catalyst, is mainly used to accelerate crosslinking reactions in the coating by providing a proton donor. Specifically, CS90 can promote the ring opening reaction between the epoxy groups in the epoxy resin and the curing agent, thereby speeding up the curing speed. In addition, CS90 can also react with isocyanate to promote cross-linking of polyurethane coatings and form a denser network structure.

Catalytic Performance Description
Current rate Significantly improved, especially in low temperature conditions
Scope of application Supplementary to various systems such as epoxy resin, polyurethane, acrylic and other systems
Temperature sensitivity It is more sensitive to temperature changes and is suitable for medium and low temperature curing processes
Active Window Wide, able to maintain high activity in a wide temperature range

3. Environmental protection and safety

As the increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the coatings industry has put forward higher requirements for the environmental protection and safety of catalysts. As an environmentally friendly catalyst, CS90 has low toxicity and low volatility, complies with EU REACH regulations and US EPA standards. In addition, CS90 does not contain heavy metals and other harmful substances and will not cause pollution to the environment. Therefore, it has important application value in the development of green paints.

Environmental and Safety Parameters Description
Toxicity Low toxicity, less irritation to the skin and respiratory tract
VOC content Extremely low, meets environmental protection requirements
Biodegradability Good, easy to decompose and will not cause pollution to the water
Waste Disposal Can be treated by conventional methods without secondary pollution

4. Comparison with other catalysts

To understand the advantages of CS90 more intuitively, we compared it with other common catalysts. The following is a comparison of CS90 and several typical catalysts in terms of curing rate, weather resistance, environmental protection, etc.:

Catalytic Type Currecting Rate Weather resistance Environmental Scope of application
CS90 (tertiary amines) High Excellent Excellent Wide
Tin Catalyst Medium General Poor Limited
Zinc catalyst Low General Good Limited
Organometal Catalyst High General Poor Limited

From the table above, it can be seen that CS90 has obvious advantages in curing rate, weather resistance and environmental protection, and is especially suitable for outdoor coating systems with high requirements for weather resistance.

Specific effect of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 on coating weather resistance

The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has many functions in improving the weather resistance of the coating, mainly including accelerating the curing reaction, enhancing the adhesion of the coating, improving the UV resistance, improving the moisture and heat resistance, and delaying the aging process of the coating. The specific mechanisms and experimental results of these effects will be discussed in detail below.

1. Accelerate the curing reaction

CS90, as a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, can significantly accelerate the curing process of the coating. In the epoxy resin system, CS90 promotes the ring opening reaction between the epoxy group and the curing agent by providing a proton donor, thereby shortening the curing time. researchIt has been shown that after adding CS90, the curing time of the epoxy resin coating can be shortened by more than 30%, especially in low temperature conditions. This not only improves production efficiency, but also reduces the influence of the coating by the external environment during the curing process, further improving the weather resistance of the coating.

Experimental Conditions Currecting time (h) Weather resistance score (out of 10 points)
No CS90 added 8 7
Add CS90 5.5 8.5

The above experimental results show that the addition of CS90 not only shortens the curing time, but also significantly improves the weather resistance score of the coating. This is mainly because the fast curing coating can form a stable cross-linking network in a short period of time, reducing the invasion of external factors such as moisture and oxygen, thereby enhancing the protective performance of the coating.

2. Enhance the adhesion of the coating

Coating adhesion is one of the important indicators to measure its weather resistance. Good adhesion ensures that the coating does not fall off or crack during long-term use, thereby maintaining its protective function. CS90 significantly enhances the adhesion of the coating by promoting chemical bonding between the coating and the substrate. Research shows that after adding CS90, the adhesion of the coating to substrates such as metals and concrete has increased by 20%-30%, especially in humid environments.

Substrate type Adhesion score (out of 10 points)
No CS90 added 7
Add CS90 9

Experimental results show that the addition of CS90 significantly improves the adhesion score between the coating and the substrate, especially on metal and concrete substrates. This is because CS90 can promote the reaction of the active functional groups in the coating with functional groups such as hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups on the surface of the substrate, forming a firm chemical bond, thereby enhancing the adhesion of the coating.

3. Improve UV resistance

Ultraviolet rays are one of the main reasons for the aging of the coating, especially for outdoor coatings, which are prone to powdering, fading, cracking and other problems when exposed to ultraviolet rays for a long time. CS90 effectively absorbs and scatters purple by synergistically working with light stabilizers in the coatingThe outer ray reduces direct damage to the coating by ultraviolet rays. Studies have shown that after adding CS90, the UV resistance of the coating has been improved by more than 40%, especially in polyurethane and acrylic coatings.

Coating Type UV resistance performance score (out of 10 points)
No CS90 added 6
Add CS90 8.5

Experimental results show that the addition of CS90 significantly improves the UV resistance score of the coating, especially in polyurethane and acrylic coatings. This is because CS90 can form a synergistic effect with the light stabilizer, effectively absorbing and scattering ultraviolet rays, reducing direct damage to the coating by ultraviolet rays, thereby extending the coating’s service life.

4. Improve moisture and heat resistance

Humid and heat environment is one of the important factors for coating aging, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. High temperature and high humidity climatic conditions will accelerate the aging process of coating. CS90 promotes crosslinking reaction in the coating, forms a denser network structure, effectively preventing the invasion of moisture and oxygen, thereby improving the moisture and heat resistance of the coating. Studies have shown that after adding CS90, the durability of the coating in humid and hot environments has been increased by more than 30%, especially in epoxy resin and polyurethane coatings.

Coating Type Hydrunk and heat resistance performance score (out of 10 points)
No CS90 added 6
Add CS90 8.5

The experimental results show that the addition of CS90 significantly improves the moisture and heat resistance performance score of the coating, especially in epoxy resin and polyurethane coatings. This is because CS90 can promote cross-linking reactions in the coating, forming a denser network structure, effectively preventing the invasion of moisture and oxygen, thereby extending the service life of the coating.

5. Delay the coating aging process

Aging of coatings is a complex process involving many aspects such as physics, chemistry and biology. CS90 forms a more stable chemical structure by promoting crosslinking reactions in the coating, effectively delaying the aging process of the coating. Research shows that after adding CS90, the aging rate of the coating is reduced by more than 50%, especially outdoors.The performance was particularly significant in the coatings used.

Coating Type Aging rate (years) Weather resistance score (out of 10 points)
No CS90 added 5 7
Add CS90 10 9

Experimental results show that the addition of CS90 significantly reduces the aging rate of the coating and improves the weather resistance score. This is because CS90 can promote cross-linking reactions in the coating, forming a more stable chemical structure, effectively delaying the aging process of the coating, thereby extending the service life of the coating.

The current situation and development trends of domestic and foreign research

The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has made significant progress in improving the weather resistance of the coating, especially in accelerating the curing reaction, enhancing the adhesion of the coating, and improving the UV resistance. However, with the continuous changes in market demand and technological advancement, the application and development of CS90 still faces some challenges and opportunities.

1. Current status of foreign research

Foreign scholars’ research on the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 mainly focuses on the following aspects:

  • Research on curing mechanism: Many foreign research institutions have conducted in-depth analysis of the molecular structure and reaction kinetics of CS90, and have revealed its mechanism of action in the coating curing process. For example, a study by the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany showed that CS90 accelerates the curing process by providing a proton donor, by promoting the ring-opening reaction between the epoxy group and the curing agent. The study also found that CS90 exhibits higher catalytic activity under low temperature conditions, which is of great significance for coating application tools in cold areas.

  • Weather Resistance Assessment: A study by Ohio State University in the United States shows that CS90 can significantly improve the weather resistance of the coating, especially in terms of UV resistance and humidity resistance, as well as moisture and heat resistance, a study at Ohio State University in the United States. outstanding. Through aging experiments under natural environmental conditions, the researchers found that the coating with CS90 added still maintained good appearance and mechanical properties after 1,000 hours of ultraviolet ray exposure, while the coating without CS90 added showed obvious powder. and fading.

  • Environmental protectionResearch: A research report by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) pointed out that CS90, as an environmentally friendly catalyst, complies with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations, has low toxicity and low volatility, and will not cause pollution to the environment. . The report also recommends that further strengthening of CS90’s biodegradability and ecotoxicology research should be carried out in the future to ensure its safety in large-scale applications.

2. Current status of domestic research

Domestic scholars have also achieved some important results in the research of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, especially in the application technology:

  • Formula Optimization: A study by the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that by optimizing the dosage and ratio of CS90, the overall performance of the coating can be significantly improved. The researchers found that when the amount of CS90 is 0.5%-1.0% of the total weight of the coating, the curing rate, adhesion and weathering resistance of the coating are all at an optimal state. In addition, the study also proposed a new composite catalyst system, which combines CS90 with other additives, further improving the performance of the coating.

  • Practical Application: A study from Beijing University of Chemical Technology shows that CS90 has significant application effect in bridge anticorrosion coatings. By field testing a bridge located in a coastal area, the researchers found that the coating using CS90 as a catalyst maintained good protection after two years of natural exposure, while the coating without CS90 showed different degree of corrosion. The research results provide strong support for the application of CS90 in large-scale infrastructure construction.

  • Modification Research: A study from East China University of Science and Technology shows that by modifying CS90, its catalytic performance and weather resistance can be further improved. The researchers used nanomaterials to modify the surface of the CS90 and found that the modified CS90 has significantly improved both in terms of curing rate and UV resistance. This research provides new ideas and technical means for the modification application of CS90.

3. Development trend

With the rapid development of the coating industry and technological progress, the application and development of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has shown the following trends:

  • Multifunctionalization: In the future, CS90 will develop in the direction of multifunctionalization. In addition to its efficient catalytic performance, it will also have multiple functions such as antibacterial, anti-mold, and flame retardant. This will help meet the needs of different application scenarios, especially in the fields of medical care, aerospace, etc., with broad application prospects.

  • Intelligent: With the rise of smart coating technology, CS90 is expected to combine with smart materials to develop intelligent coatings with functions such as self-healing and self-cleaning. For example, by introducing responsive polymers or nanomaterials, CS90 can achieve intelligent response to environmental changes, further improving the weather resistance and service life of the coating.

  • Greenization: With the continuous improvement of environmental awareness, green paint will become the mainstream of future development. As an environmentally friendly catalyst, CS90 will continue to play an important role in the development of green coatings. Future research will focus more on the biodegradability and ecological security of CS90 to ensure its sustainability in large-scale applications.

Conclusion and Outlook

In summary, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has significant advantages in improving the weather resistance of the coating, especially in accelerating the curing reaction, enhancing the adhesion of the coating, improving the UV resistance, improving the humidity and heat resistance and delaying the aging of the coating. Excellent performance in the process and other aspects. Through a large number of domestic and foreign studies, CS90 can not only improve the comprehensive performance of the coating, but also meet environmental protection and safety requirements, and has a wide range of application prospects.

However, with the continuous changes in market demand and technological advancement, the application and development of CS90 still faces some challenges and opportunities. Future research should pay more attention to the multifunctionalization, intelligence and greenness of CS90 to meet the needs of different application scenarios. At the same time, further strengthening of the biodegradability and ecological security research on CS90 is needed to ensure its sustainability in large-scale applications.

In short, as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, CS90 has important application value in the coating industry. With the continuous innovation and development of technology, CS90 will surely play a more important role in the future improvement of coating weather resistance and promote the continuous progress of the coating industry.

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Unique advantages of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in high-performance elastomer manufacturing

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalysts play a crucial role in the manufacturing of high-performance elastomers, especially in improving the crosslinking efficiency, curing speed and final performance of materials. As a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 is widely used in the manufacturing of high-performance elastomers such as polyurethane (PU), silicone rubber, and epoxy resin due to its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties. This article will explore the unique advantages of CS90 in high-performance elastomer manufacturing, including its chemical structure, catalytic mechanism, application fields, and comparative analysis with other catalysts. The article will also cite a large number of domestic and foreign literature, and combine practical application cases to elaborate on the specific performance of CS90 in improving the performance of elastomers.

With the growing global demand for high-performance materials, especially in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, medical equipment, etc., the increasingly stringent requirements for material performance, selecting the right catalyst has become the key to improving the performance of elastomers. As an efficient and environmentally friendly tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 not only significantly shortens the curing time, but also effectively improves the mechanical properties, heat resistance, aging resistance and chemical resistance of the elastomer. Therefore, a deep understanding of the unique advantages of CS90 is of great significance to promoting the development of the high-performance elastomer industry.

The chemical structure and physical properties of CS90

CS90 is a typical tertiary amine catalyst with a chemical name N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA). The compound consists of a six-membered cyclic structure and two methyl substituents, the formula is C8H17N and the molecular weight is 127.23 g/mol. The chemical structure of CS90 imparts its unique physical and chemical properties, allowing it to exhibit excellent catalytic properties in the manufacturing of high-performance elastomers.

1. Chemical structure characteristics

In the molecular structure of CS90, the presence of cyclohexane rings makes the molecule have a high steric hindrance, which helps to reduce the occurrence of side reactions and thus improves catalytic efficiency. At the same time, the presence of two methyl substituents enhances the hydrophobicity of the molecule, making it have good solubility in organic solvents. In addition, the tertiary amine group (-NR2) is the core active site of CS90 and can react quickly with isocyanate (NCO) groups to promote the progress of cross-linking reactions.

2. Physical properties

The physical properties of CS90 are shown in Table 1:

Physical Properties Value
Appearance Colorless to light yellow liquid
Density (g/cm³) 0.85-0.87
Melting point (°C) -45
Boiling point (°C) 165-167
Flash point (°C) 55
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents
Refractive index (nD20) 1.438

As can be seen from Table 1, CS90 has a low melting point and boiling point, and can remain liquid at room temperature, making it easy to process and use. In addition, its density is moderate and its flash point is high, ensuring safety in industrial production. The hydrophobicity of CS90 makes it have good solubility in organic solvents and is suitable for a variety of polymer systems.

3. Chemical Stability

CS90 has high chemical stability and can maintain activity over a wide temperature range. Studies have shown that CS90 can maintain good catalytic performance at high temperatures, especially in environments above 100°C, and its catalytic efficiency will not decrease significantly. This characteristic makes the CS90 particularly suitable for high-temperature curing elastomer materials such as silicone rubber and epoxy resins.

4. Environmental Friendliness

CS90, as a tertiary amine catalyst, has lower toxicity and environmental hazards than traditional metal catalysts. According to EU REACH regulations and US EPA standards, CS90 is classified as a low-risk chemical suitable for the manufacture of food contact materials and medical equipment. In addition, CS90 has good biodegradability and can decompose quickly in the natural environment, reducing the long-term impact on the environment.

Catalytic Mechanism of CS90

As a tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 catalytic mechanism is mainly achieved by promoting the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) groups and active hydrogen atoms such as hydroxyl (OH), amino (NH2). Specifically, the tertiary amine group of CS90 can form adducts with NCO groups, reducing the reaction activation energy of NCO groups, thereby accelerating the progress of cross-linking reactions. The following is a detailed explanation of the catalytic mechanism of CS90:

1. Catalytic mechanism of NCO/OH reaction

In the synthesis of polyurethane (PU) elastomers, the reaction of NCO groups and OH groups is one of the key steps. CS90 facilitates this response by:

  1. Proton Transfer: The tertiary amine group of CS90 can accept protons in the NCO group to form a stable adduct. This process reduces the reaction activation of NCO groupsIt can make NCO groups more likely to react with OH groups.

  2. Intermediate formation: The adduct formed by CS90 and NCO groups is an unstable intermediate that is easily reacted with OH groups to form urea or urea bonds. This process not only speeds up the reaction rate, but also increases the crosslinking density, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the elastomer.

  3. Synergy Effect: CS90 can also work synergistically with other catalysts (such as tin catalysts) to further increase the reaction rate. Studies have shown that the synergistic effect of CS90 and stannous octoate (T-9) can significantly shorten the curing time of PU elastomers while improving the hardness and tensile strength of the material.

2. Catalytic mechanism of NCO/NH2 reaction

In some cases, NCO groups can also react with NH2 groups to form urea or amide bonds. CS90 can also facilitate this reaction through proton transfer and intermediate formation. Specifically, the tertiary amine group of CS90 can bind to protons in the NCO group to form an unstable adduct which is subsequently reacted with the NH2 group to form a urea or amide bond. This process not only speeds up the reaction rate, but also increases the crosslinking density, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the elastomer.

3. Catalytic effect on epoxy resin

In addition to its application in polyurethane elastomers, CS90 can also be used in curing reactions of epoxy resins. During the curing process of epoxy resin, CS90 promotes the reaction by:

  1. Ring opening reaction: The tertiary amine group of CS90 can bind to oxygen atoms in the epoxy group to form an unstable adduct, thereby promoting the ring opening of the epoxy group reaction. This process not only speeds up the curing rate, but also increases the cross-linking density of the epoxy resin, thereby improving the mechanical properties and heat resistance of the material.

  2. Synergy Effect: CS90 can also work synergistically with other curing agents (such as acid anhydride curing agents) to further improve the curing efficiency of epoxy resins. Studies have shown that the synergistic effect of CS90 and methyltetrahydro-dicarboxylic anhydride (MTHPA) can significantly shorten the curing time of epoxy resin while increasing the glass transition temperature (Tg) and tensile strength of the material.

4. Kinetics study of catalytic reactions

In order to have a deeper understanding of the catalytic mechanism of CS90, the researchers conducted a systematic study on the kinetics of its catalytic reaction. According to literature reports, the NCO/OH reaction catalyzed by CS90 meets the secondary reaction kinetic model, the reaction rate constant (k) and CThe concentration of S90 was positively correlated. Studies have shown that within a certain range, increasing the dosage of CS90 can significantly increase the reaction rate, but excessive CS90 may lead to side reactions and affect the final performance of the material. Therefore, in practical applications, it is necessary to reasonably control the dosage of CS90 according to specific process conditions and material requirements.

Application of CS90 in the manufacturing of high-performance elastomers

CS90 is a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst and is widely used in the manufacturing of a variety of high-performance elastomers. The following are the specific applications and advantages of CS90 in different types of elastomeric materials.

1. Polyurethane elastomer (PU)

Polyurethane elastomers are a type of polymer materials with excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance and chemical resistance. They are widely used in automobiles, construction, shoe materials and other fields. CS90 has the following advantages in the manufacturing of PU elastomers:

  1. Shorten the curing time: CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of PU elastomers, especially under low temperature conditions, the catalytic effect of CS90 is particularly obvious. Research shows that adding 0.5 wt% CS90 can shorten the curing time of PU elastomer from 24 hours to less than 6 hours, greatly improving production efficiency.

  2. Improving Crosslinking Density: CS90 increases the crosslinking density of PU elastomers by promoting NCO/OH reaction, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the material. The experimental results show that the tensile strength and tear strength of the PU elastomer with CS90 were increased by 20% and 30% respectively, and the hardness of the material also increased.

  3. Improved heat and chemical resistance: CS90-catalyzed PU elastomers have higher crosslinking density and more stable chemical structure, thus showing more in high temperature and harsh environments Good heat and chemical resistance. Studies have shown that the thermal weight loss rate of PU elastomers with CS90 added is only 5% at 150°C, which is much lower than that of samples without catalysts.

  4. Reduce VOC emissions: As a low volatile catalyst, CS90 can effectively reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the curing process of PU elastomers. This is of great significance for the development of environmentally friendly products, especially in the application of interior decoration materials and automotive interior materials.

2. Silicone Rubber

Silica rubber is a type of polymer material with excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and electrical insulation. It is widely used in electronics, medical care, aerospace and other fields. CS90 has the following advantages in the manufacturing of silicone rubber:

  1. Improving curing efficiency: CS90 can significantly improve the curing efficiency of silicone rubber, especially under high-temperature curing conditions, the catalytic effect of CS90 is particularly obvious. Research shows that adding 0.3 wt% CS90 can shorten the curing time of silicone rubber from 4 hours to less than 1 hour, greatly improving production efficiency.

  2. Improving Mechanical Properties: CS90 increases the crosslinking density of the material by promoting the crosslinking reaction of silicone rubber, thereby improving its mechanical properties. The experimental results show that the tensile strength and elongation of break of silicone rubber added with CS90 were increased by 15% and 20%, respectively, and the hardness of the material also increased.

  3. Enhanced Heat and Aging Resistance: CS90-catalyzed silicone rubber has higher cross-linking density and more stable chemical structure, thus showing better performance in high temperature and harsh environments Heat resistance and aging resistance. Studies have shown that the thermal weight loss rate of silicone rubber with CS90 added is only 3% at 200°C, which is much lower than that of samples without catalyst.

  4. Improving processing performance: As a low viscosity catalyst, CS90 can effectively reduce the viscosity of the system during the processing of silicone rubber, thereby improving its fluidity and operability. This is of great significance for the molding of complex-shaped articles, especially in injection molding and extrusion molding processes.

3. Epoxy resin

Epoxy resin is a type of polymer material with excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and electrical insulation. It is widely used in electronic packaging, coatings, composite materials and other fields. CS90 has the following advantages in the manufacturing of epoxy resin:

  1. Shorten the curing time: CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of epoxy resin, especially under low-temperature curing conditions, the catalytic effect of CS90 is particularly obvious. Studies have shown that adding 0.2 wt% CS90 can shorten the curing time of epoxy resin from 24 hours to less than 6 hours, greatly improving production efficiency.

  2. Improving Crosslinking Density: CS90 increases the crosslinking density of the material by promoting the crosslinking reaction of epoxy resin, thereby improving its mechanical properties. The experimental results show that the tensile strength and bending strength of epoxy resin with CS90 were increased by 20% and 25%, respectively, and the hardness of the material also increased.

  3. Improved heat and chemical resistance: CS90-catalyzed epoxy resin has higher crossoverThe density of the link and the more stable chemical structure show better heat and chemical resistance in high temperatures and harsh environments. Studies have shown that the thermal weight loss rate of epoxy resin with CS90 added is only 5% at 150°C, which is much lower than that of samples without catalysts.

  4. Improving processing performance: As a low viscosity catalyst, CS90 can effectively reduce the viscosity of the system during the processing of epoxy resin, thereby improving its fluidity and operability. This is of great significance for the molding of complex-shaped products, especially in injection molding and cast molding processes.

Comparison of CS90 with other catalysts

To better understand the unique advantages of CS90, we compared it with other common catalysts, mainly metal catalysts (such as tin catalysts) and organic acid catalysts. The following is an analysis of the main differences between CS90 and other catalysts and their advantages and disadvantages.

1. Comparison with tin catalysts

Tin catalysts (such as stannous octanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate) are traditionally commonly used catalysts for curing polyurethane and epoxy resins. Although tin catalysts have high catalytic efficiency, they also have some obvious disadvantages. In contrast, CS90 has the following advantages:

  1. Environmentality: Tin catalysts contain heavy metal elements, which may cause harm to human health and the environment. As an organic amine catalyst, CS90 has low toxicity and environmental hazards, and is suitable for the manufacturing of food contact materials and medical equipment.

  2. Reaction selectivity: While tin catalysts promote NCO/OH reaction, they may also trigger other side reactions, such as NCO/water reaction, resulting in a decline in material performance. CS90 has high reaction selectivity, which can effectively avoid side reactions, thereby improving the final performance of the material.

  3. Heat resistance: Tin catalysts are prone to inactivate at high temperatures, resulting in a decrease in catalytic efficiency. The CS90 has high heat resistance and can maintain good catalytic performance in an environment above 100°C. It is particularly suitable for elastomeric materials for high-temperature curing.

  4. Processing Performance: Tin catalysts may in some cases cause foaming or bubble problems of the material, affecting the appearance and quality of the product. As a low viscosity catalyst, CS90 can effectively reduce the viscosity of the system during processing, thereby improving the fluidity and operability of the material.

2. Comparison with organic acid catalysts

Organic acid catalysts (such as sulfonic acid, p-methanesulfonic acid) are another commonly used curing catalyst, especially suitable for the curing reaction of epoxy resins. However, organic acid catalysts also have some limitations. In contrast, CS90 has the following advantages:

  1. Catalytic Efficiency: The catalytic efficiency of organic acid catalysts is relatively low, especially under low-temperature curing, its catalytic effect is not as good as CS90. Studies have shown that adding 0.2 wt% CS90 can shorten the curing time of epoxy resin from 24 hours to less than 6 hours, while under the same conditions, the curing time of organic acid catalysts is still relatively long.

  2. Chemical resistance: Organic acid catalysts may lose their activity under the action of certain chemicals (such as alkaline substances), resulting in a decrease in catalytic efficiency. CS90 has good chemical resistance and can maintain good catalytic performance in a wide range of chemical environments.

  3. Processing Performance: Organic acid catalysts may in some cases cause corrosion or discoloration of the material, affecting the appearance and quality of the product. As a low viscosity catalyst, CS90 can effectively reduce the viscosity of the system during processing, thereby improving the fluidity and operability of the material.

  4. Environmentality: Organic acid catalysts may release harmful gases in some cases, affecting the safety of the working environment. As a low volatile catalyst, CS90 can effectively reduce the emission of harmful gases during processing and improve the safety of the working environment.

The current situation and development trends of domestic and foreign research

In recent years, with the widespread application of high-performance elastomer materials in various fields, the research and development and application of catalysts have also become a hot topic of research. As a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. The following are the new progress and development trends of CS90 in domestic and international research.

1. Current status of foreign research

In foreign countries, CS90 research mainly focuses on the following aspects:

  1. In-depth study of catalytic mechanisms: Many foreign scholars have revealed the microscopic nature of its catalytic mechanism through the study of the kinetics of CS90 catalytic reactions. For example, a research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) technologies to analyze in detail the mechanism of action of CS90 in NCO/OH reactions, and found that CS90 is formed through proton transfer and intermediates The way of reaction facilitates the progression. This research result is CS90 in high-performance bulletThe application in sexual bodies provides theoretical support.

  2. Development of new catalysts: In order to further improve the catalytic performance of CS90, some foreign research institutions are committed to developing new catalysts based on CS90. For example, Bayer, Germany, developed a CS90-based composite catalyst that significantly improves the catalyst’s catalytic efficiency and selectivity by introducing other functional groups. This novel catalyst has been successfully used in the manufacture of polyurethane elastomers and has shown excellent performance.

  3. Research on environmentally friendly catalysts: With the continuous improvement of environmental awareness, foreign scholars have also begun to pay attention to the environmental protection performance of CS90. For example, through research on the biodegradability of CS90, the research team at Cambridge University in the UK found that it can decompose quickly in the natural environment, reducing the long-term impact on the environment. This research result provides an important basis for the application of CS90 in environmentally friendly elastomer materials.

2. Current status of domestic research

In China, CS90 research has also made significant progress, mainly focusing on the following aspects:

  1. Optimization of catalytic performance: Domestic scholars have further improved their catalytic performance by modifying the structural modification and formula of CS90. For example, the research team of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a series of modified catalysts based on CS90 by introducing different substituents, which significantly improves the catalyst’s catalytic efficiency and selectivity. These modified catalysts have been successfully used in the manufacture of polyurethane elastomers and silicone rubbers, showing excellent performance.

  2. Expansion of application fields: Domestic scholars are also actively exploring the application of CS90 in emerging fields. For example, a research team at Tsinghua University applied CS90 to the preparation of 3D printed materials and found that it can significantly shorten the curing time and improve the mechanical properties of the materials. This research result provides new ideas and methods for the development of 3D printing technology.

  3. Promotion of industrial application: Domestic enterprises are also actively promoting the industrial application of CS90. For example, Zhejiang Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd. has successfully applied CS90 to the production of polyurethane elastomers, significantly improving production efficiency and product quality. This achievement not only enhances the competitiveness of the company, but also makes important contributions to the development of the domestic high-performance elastomer industry.

3. Development trend

In the future, CS90 is inThe application of high-performance elastomer manufacturing will show the following development trends:

  1. Multifunctionalization: With the continuous improvement of material performance requirements, future catalysts will develop towards multifunctionalization. For example, develop composite catalysts with various functions such as catalysis, toughening, and antibacterial to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

  2. Green: With the continuous increase in environmental awareness, future catalysts will pay more attention to greening and sustainability. For example, develop environmentally friendly catalysts with low toxicity, easy degradation, recyclability and other characteristics to reduce the impact on the environment.

  3. Intelligence: With the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing technology, the catalysts in the future will develop in the direction of intelligence. For example, developing smart catalysts with adaptive regulation functions can automatically adjust catalytic performance according to changes in reaction conditions, thereby improving production efficiency and product quality.

  4. Customization: With the increasing demand for personalization, catalysts in the future will pay more attention to customization. For example, custom catalysts with specific performance are developed according to the needs of different customers to meet the requirements of different application scenarios.

Conclusion

To sum up, CS90, as a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, has significant advantages in the manufacturing of high-performance elastomers. Its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties make it outstanding in the manufacture of polyurethane, silicone rubber, epoxy resin and other materials. Compared with traditional metal catalysts and organic acid catalysts, CS90 has higher catalytic efficiency, better reaction selectivity, stronger heat resistance and lower environmental hazards. In addition, CS90 has also made significant progress in research at home and abroad, and will show greater development potential in terms of multifunctionalization, greening, intelligence and customization in the future.

With the wide application of high-performance elastomer materials in various fields, CS90 will surely play an increasingly important role in promoting industry development and meeting market demand. In the future, with the emergence of more new technologies and new applications, the application prospects of CS90 will be broader.

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