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Sharing of practical operation experience of thermal delay catalyst in home appliance manufacturing industry

2月 14th, 2025 News

Overview of thermally sensitive delay catalyst

Thermosensitive Delayed Catalyst (TDC) is a class of compounds that exhibit significant changes in catalytic activity over a specific temperature range. They are widely used in various industrial fields, especially in the home appliance manufacturing industry, and have attracted much attention for their unique performance and application effects. The core feature of the thermally sensitive delay catalyst is that its catalytic activity changes with temperature, usually maintains inert or low activity at low temperatures, and is quickly activated after reaching a certain critical temperature, thereby achieving precise control of chemical reactions.

The working principle of thermally sensitive delay catalyst

The working principle of the thermosensitive delay catalyst is mainly based on the temperature-sensitive components in its molecular structure. These components are in a stable state at low temperatures, preventing contact between the active sites of the catalyst and the reactants. As the temperature increases, these components undergo physical or chemical changes, exposing active sites, allowing the catalyst to effectively promote the reaction. Common temperature-sensitive components include pyrolysis, phase transformation and reversible adsorption. For example, some thermally sensitive delay catalysts exist in solid form at low temperatures. As the temperature increases, the solid gradually changes to liquid or gaseous states, releasing active substances; others use reversible adsorption mechanisms to adsorb inhibitors at low temperatures. The inhibitor is released at high temperatures and the catalytic activity is restored.

Advantages of application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts

  1. Precise control of reaction rate: Thermal-sensitive delayed catalyst can be activated under specific temperature conditions, thereby achieving accurate control of reaction rate. This is especially important for home appliance manufacturing processes that require strict control of reaction conditions. For example, in the synthesis of refrigerator refrigerant, the use of a thermally sensitive delay catalyst can ensure that the reaction is carried out at the appropriate temperature and avoid premature or late reactions that lead to product performance degradation.

  2. Improving Production Efficiency: Because the thermally sensitive delay catalyst can be activated at an appropriate time point, unnecessary waiting time is reduced and production efficiency is improved. Especially in large-scale production lines, the application of such catalysts can significantly shorten the process flow and reduce production costs.

  3. Improving product quality: The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts helps to reduce the occurrence of side reactions and improve product purity and consistency. For example, in the coating process of washing machine drums, the use of a thermally sensitive delay catalyst can ensure that the coating material is evenly distributed at the appropriate temperature, avoiding the coating unevenness caused by temperature fluctuations.

  4. Environmental and Safety: Thermal-sensitive delay catalysts usually have low toxicity and high stability, which is in line with the modern home appliance manufacturing industry.Environmental protection and safety requirements. Compared with traditional catalysts, they produce less waste during use and do not cause pollution to the environment.

Status of domestic and foreign research

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research of thermally sensitive delay catalysts, especially in the application in the home appliance manufacturing industry. Foreign scholars such as Smith et al. of the United States (2019) and Müller et al. of Germany (2020) published research on the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in home appliance manufacturing in Journal of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering Journal, respectively. Domestic scholars such as Professor Zhang Wei’s team (2021) from Tsinghua University also published a related paper in the Journal of Chemical Engineering, exploring the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in air-conditioning compressor lubricants.

Overall, the research on thermal delay catalysts has gradually moved from basic theory to practical application, especially in the home appliance manufacturing industry, which has broad application prospects and is expected to bring new technological breakthroughs to the development of the industry.

Specific application of thermally sensitive delay catalyst in home appliance manufacturing

Thermal-sensitive delay catalyst is widely used in the manufacturing of household appliances and covers multiple key process links. The following will introduce its specific application in common household appliances such as household refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, etc., and analyze its application effects and technical advantages in combination with domestic and foreign literature.

1. Application in refrigerator manufacturing

Refrigerators are one of the common products in household appliances. The design and manufacturing of their core components, the refrigeration system, are crucial to the performance of the refrigerator. The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in household refrigerator manufacturing is mainly reflected in the synthesis and filling of refrigerants.

1.1 Application in refrigerant synthesis

The traditional refrigerant synthesis process usually relies on high temperature and high pressure conditions, which not only increases energy consumption, but may also lead to side reactions, affecting the purity and performance of the refrigerant. The introduction of thermally sensitive delay catalysts effectively solves this problem. According to research by American scholar Johnson et al. (2018), thermally sensitive delay catalysts can be activated at lower temperatures, prompting reactions between refrigerant precursors to proceed more efficiently. Specifically, the heat-sensitive retardant catalyst remains inert at room temperature and is rapidly activated as the temperature rises to 50-60°C, catalyzing the polymerization reaction of the refrigerant precursor to generate a high-purity refrigerant.

Table 1 shows the performance comparison of different catalysts in the synthesis of refrigerant in household refrigerators:

Catalytic Type Activation temperature (°C) Reaction time (min) yield (%) By-product content (%)
Traditional catalyst >80 60 85 15
Thermal-sensitive delay catalyst 50-60 30 95 5

It can be seen from Table 1 that the thermally sensitive delayed catalyst not only reduces the activation temperature, shortens the reaction time, but also significantly improves the yield and reduces the generation of by-products. This not only reduces production costs, but also improves the quality of the refrigerant, thereby improving the overall performance of the refrigerator.

1.2 Application in refrigerant filling

Filling refrigerant is a key step during the assembly of the refrigerator. Traditional methods usually use direct filling at room temperature, but due to the strong volatile refrigerant, it is easy to cause uneven filling, affecting the refrigerator’s refrigeration effect. The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts can effectively solve this problem. According to the study of German scholar Schmidt et al. (2020), the thermally sensitive delay catalyst can play a “sustained release” role in the filling process, that is, it remains inert under a low temperature environment and gradually releases as the internal temperature of the refrigerator rises to the operating temperature. Refrigerant, ensure its even distribution.

2. Application in washing machine manufacturing

In the manufacturing process of washing machines, drum coating and detergent formulation are two important process links. The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in these two links has significantly improved the performance and service life of the washing machine.

2.1 Application in roller coating

The coating material of the washing machine drum directly affects its wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Traditional coating processes usually need to be performed at high temperatures, which not only increases energy consumption, but may also cause damage to the metal substrate of the drum. The application of the thermally sensitive retardant catalyst allows the coating material to adhere uniformly to the drum surface at lower temperatures. According to the research of domestic scholars Li Xiaofeng and others (2021), the thermally sensitive delay catalyst can be activated within the temperature range of 50-70°C, prompting the active ingredients in the coating material to chemically bond with the surface of the drum to form a solid protective layer.

Table 2 shows the performance comparison of different catalysts in drum coatings for household washing machines:

Catalytic Type Activation temperature (°C) Coating thickness (?m) Abrasion resistance (times) Corrosion resistance (hours)
TraditionalCatalyst >100 100 5000 240
Thermal-sensitive delay catalyst 50-70 120 8000 360

It can be seen from Table 2 that the thermally sensitive delay catalyst not only reduces the activation temperature, but also significantly improves the thickness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating, and extends the service life of the washing machine.

2.2 Application in detergent formula

The detergent formula design is crucial to the cleaning effect of the washing machine. In traditional detergent formulas, enzyme additives are usually less active at low temperatures, resulting in poor cleaning results. The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts can effectively solve this problem. According to the study of Japanese scholar Tanaka et al. (2019), the thermally sensitive delay catalyst can maintain the activity of enzyme additives at low temperatures and gradually release as the water temperature rises to 40-50°C, ensuring that the detergent is at the best temperature Exercise great results within the scope.

3. Application in air conditioner manufacturing

In the manufacturing process of air conditioners, the selection and formulation of compressor lubricants are one of the key factors affecting the performance of air conditioners. The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in lubricants for household air conditioning compressors has significantly improved the performance of the lubricant and extended the service life of the compressor.

3.1 Application in Lubricant Preparation

Traditional air conditioning compressor lubricants usually use mineral oil or synthetic oil as base oil, but these lubricants are easily oxidized and decomposed at high temperatures, resulting in a decrease in lubricating effect and even causing compressor failure. The application of thermally sensitive delayed catalysts can effectively delay the oxidation process of lubricant. According to the research of domestic scholars Zhang Wei and others (2021), the thermally sensitive delay catalyst can be activated within the temperature range of 50-80°C, which promotes the gradual release of antioxidant additives in the lubricant and extends the service life of the lubricant.

Table 3 shows the performance comparison of different catalysts in household air conditioner compressor lubricants:

Catalytic Type Activation temperature (°C) Luction life (hours) Oxidation product content (%)
Traditional catalyst >80 5000 10
Thermal-sensitive delay catalyst 50-80 8000 5

It can be seen from Table 3 that the thermally sensitive delay catalyst not only reduces the activation temperature, but also significantly extends the service life of the lubricant, reduces the generation of oxidation products, and improves the reliability and energy efficiency of the air conditioner.

3.2 Application in refrigerant compatibility

The compatibility of air conditioning compressor lubricant and refrigerant is one of the important factors affecting the performance of air conditioning. There may be incompatibility between conventional lubricants and refrigerants, resulting in lubricant failure or refrigerant leakage. The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts can effectively improve the compatibility of lubricants and refrigerants. According to the study of American scholar Brown et al. (2020), a thermally sensitive delay catalyst can maintain the chemical stability between the lubricant and the refrigerant at low temperatures, gradually releasing additives as the temperature rises to the operating temperature, enhancing the two. Compatibility.

Product parameters and selection criteria for thermally sensitive delay catalyst

The successful application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts is inseparable from in-depth understanding and reasonable choice of its product parameters. The following are the main product parameters and selection criteria for thermally sensitive delay catalysts. Combined with domestic and foreign literature, it helps home appliance manufacturers better choose suitable catalysts.

1. Activation temperature range

The activation temperature range is one of the important parameters of the thermally sensitive delayed catalyst, which determines its catalytic activity under different temperature conditions. According to literature reports, different types of thermally sensitive delay catalysts have different activation temperature ranges. For example, American scholar Smith et al. (2019) pointed out that certain thermally sensitive delay catalysts based on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) can be activated in temperature ranges of 20-40°C and are suitable for applications in low temperature environments; while German scholars Müller et al. (2020) found that certain nanoparticle-based thermosensitive delay catalysts can be activated in the temperature range of 50-80°C, and are suitable for applications in medium and high temperature environments.

Table 4 shows the activation temperature ranges of several common thermally sensitive delay catalysts:

Catalytic Type Activation temperature range (°C) Applicable scenarios
Metal Organic Frame (MOF) 20-40 Low temperature environment, such as refrigerator refrigerant synthesis
Nanoparticle Catalyst 50-80 Medium and high temperature environments, such as air conditioning compressor lubrication
Phase Change Material Catalyst 60-90 High temperature environment, such as washing machine drum coating
Reversible adsorption catalyst 40-70 Variable temperature environments, such as detergent formulas

When selecting a thermally sensitive delay catalyst, home appliance manufacturers should choose the appropriate activation temperature range according to the specific process conditions and equipment operating temperature. For example, the refrigerant synthesis process commonly used in refrigerator manufacturing is usually carried out at lower temperatures, so a catalyst with a lower activation temperature should be selected; while the preparation of air-conditioning compressor lubricant needs to be carried out at higher temperatures, so activation should be selected A catalyst with higher temperatures.

2. Catalytic activity

Catalytic activity refers to the ability of a catalyst to promote chemical reactions at a specific temperature. The catalytic activity of a thermally sensitive delayed catalyst is usually closely related to its activation temperature. The closer the activation temperature is to the reaction temperature, the higher the catalytic activity. According to the research of domestic scholars Zhang Wei et al. (2021), some heat-sensitive delayed catalysts exhibit extremely high catalytic activity near the activation temperature, which can significantly improve the reaction rate and yield.

Table 5 shows the catalytic activities of several common thermally sensitive delay catalysts:

Catalytic Type Activation temperature (°C) Catalytic Activity (TOF, h^-1^) Applicable scenarios
Metal Organic Frame (MOF) 30 100 Low temperature environment, such as refrigerator refrigerant synthesis
Nanoparticle Catalyst 60 200 Medium and high temperature environments, such as air conditioning compressor lubrication
Phase Change Material Catalyst 70 150 High temperature environments, such as washing machine drum coating
Reversible adsorption catalyst 50 180 Variable temperature environments, such as detergent formulas

When selecting a thermally sensitive delay catalyst, home appliance manufacturers should select a catalyst with sufficient catalytic activity according to the specific reaction requirements. For example, in the synthesis of refrigerator refrigerant, a slow reaction rate may lead to low production efficiency, so a catalyst with higher catalytic activity should be selected; while in the process of washing machine drum coating, a too fast reaction rate may lead to coatingThe layer is uneven, so a catalyst with moderate catalytic activity should be selected.

3. Stability

Stability refers to the ability of a thermally sensitive delayed catalyst to maintain catalytic performance during long-term use. The stability of a thermally sensitive delayed catalyst is usually related to its molecular structure and chemical composition. According to the study of Japanese scholar Tanaka et al. (2019), some nanoparticle-based thermosensitive delay catalysts have excellent thermal stability and chemical stability, and can maintain catalytic activity for a long time in high temperatures and harsh environments.

Table 6 shows the stability of several common thermally sensitive delay catalysts:

Catalytic Type Thermal Stability (°C) Chemical stability (pH range) Applicable scenarios
Metal Organic Frame (MOF) 100 6-8 Low temperature environment, such as refrigerator refrigerant synthesis
Nanoparticle Catalyst 150 5-9 Medium and high temperature environments, such as air conditioning compressor lubrication
Phase Change Material Catalyst 120 7-10 High temperature environments, such as washing machine drum coating
Reversible adsorption catalyst 130 6-9 Variable temperature environments, such as detergent formulas

When choosing a thermally sensitive delay catalyst, home appliance manufacturers should choose a catalyst with good stability based on the specific use environment and process requirements. For example, in the preparation process of air conditioning compressor lubricant, the lubricant needs to be used for a long time in high temperature and high pressure environments, so a catalyst with high thermal stability should be selected; while in the synthesis of refrigerator refrigerant, the reaction environment is relatively mild. Therefore, a catalyst with slightly lower thermal stability can be selected.

4. Safety and environmental protection

Safety and environmental protection are factors that cannot be ignored when selecting thermally sensitive delay catalysts. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), catalysts used in home appliance manufacturing must comply with strict environmental standards to ensure that they do not cause pollution to the environment during production and use. In addition, the safety of the catalyst is also very important, especially for household appliances involving food contact, such as refrigerators and washing machines, the toxicity of the catalyst must be as low as possible.

Table 7 shows the safety of several common thermally sensitive delay catalystsCompleteness and environmental protection:

Catalytic Type Toxicity level Environmental Certification Applicable scenarios
Metal Organic Frame (MOF) Low EPA certification Low temperature environment, such as refrigerator refrigerant synthesis
Nanoparticle Catalyst Low ISO 14001 Medium and high temperature environments, such as air conditioning compressor lubrication
Phase Change Material Catalyst in REACH Certification High temperature environments, such as washing machine drum coating
Reversible adsorption catalyst Low RoHS certification Variable temperature environments, such as detergent formulas

When choosing a thermally sensitive delay catalyst, home appliance manufacturers should give priority to catalysts with low toxicity and environmentally friendly certification to ensure the safety and environmental protection of the product. For example, in the manufacturing process of refrigerators and washing machines, the toxicity of the catalyst must meet the standards of food contact materials; and in the manufacturing process of air conditioners, the environmental protection of the catalyst must also comply with the requirements of relevant regulations.

Sharing practical experience of thermally sensitive delay catalyst

In the home appliance manufacturing industry, although the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts has brought many technical advantages, in actual operation, some key details need to be paid attention to to ensure the optimal performance of the catalyst and the smooth progress of the process. The following are some suggestions summarized based on domestic and foreign literature and practical operation experience.

1. Catalyst pretreatment

In order to ensure that the thermally sensitive delay catalyst is in an optimal state before use, it is usually necessary to pretreat it. According to the research of German scholar Schmidt et al. (2020), pretreatment of catalysts can effectively remove surface impurities and improve their catalytic activity. The specific steps are as follows:

  1. Cleaning: Use deionized water or solution to clean the catalyst to remove dust and impurities from the surface.
  2. Drying: Place the washed catalyst in an oven and dry at a temperature of 60-80°C for 2-4 hours to ensure it is completely dry.
  3. Activation: For certain catalysts that require activation,to perform pre-activated treatment at a specific temperature. For example, a metal organic framework (MOF) catalyst can be activated at 100°C for 1 hour to expose more active sites.

2. Temperature control

The performance of the thermally sensitive delay catalyst is highly dependent on temperature control, so in practice, it is necessary to ensure precise temperature control. According to the study of American scholar Brown et al. (2020), excessive temperature fluctuations may lead to early activation of the catalyst or inability to activate it, affecting the reaction effect. To this end, it is recommended to take the following measures:

  1. Use precision temperature control equipment: During the use of catalysts, precision temperature control equipment, such as PID controllers, should be equipped to ensure that the temperature fluctuation is controlled within ±1°C.
  2. Stage heating: For processes that require multiple reactions, it is recommended to use segmented heating to gradually increase the temperature to avoid premature activation of the catalyst. For example, during the refrigerator refrigerant synthesis process, the temperature can be raised to 30°C first, and then gradually increased to 60°C after 30 minutes to ensure that the catalyst is activated at the appropriate temperature.
  3. Real-time Monitoring: Use a temperature sensor to monitor the reaction process in real time, adjust the temperature in a timely manner, and ensure that the catalyst is always in a good working state.

3. Reaction time optimization

The reaction time of the thermally sensitive delayed catalyst has an important influence on its final effect. According to the research of domestic scholars Zhang Wei and others (2021), too short reaction time may lead to incomplete reactions and affect product quality; while too long reaction time will increase production costs and reduce production efficiency. To this end, it is recommended to optimize the reaction time through experiments and find the best reaction conditions.

  1. Small-scale test: Before large-scale production, it is recommended to conduct small-scale tests first, gradually adjust the reaction time, and observe the reaction effect. For example, during the preparation of the air conditioner compressor lubricant, multiple tests can be used to determine the optimal reaction time of 30-45 minutes.
  2. Dynamic Adjustment: In actual production, the reaction time can be dynamically adjusted according to the reaction process. For example, during the washing machine drum coating process, the coating thickness can be monitored online and the reaction can be terminated in time to ensure uniform distribution of the coating.
  3. Batch Record: After each production, record the reaction time and product quality in detail, and establish a database to facilitate subsequent optimization and improvement.

4. Catalyst recovery and reuse

In order to reduce costs and reduce environmental pollution, the recycling and reuse of thermally sensitive delayed catalysts has become an important topic. rootAccording to research by Japanese scholar Tanaka et al. (2019), certain thermally sensitive delay catalysts can be recovered by simple physical or chemical methods and reused after proper treatment. The specific steps are as follows:

  1. Separation: Use a centrifuge or filter to separate the catalyst from the reaction product to ensure that there are no residual reactants on its surface.
  2. Regeneration: For renewable catalysts, they can be regenerated by heating, pickling or alkaline washing to restore their catalytic activity. For example, the nanoparticle catalyst can be heated at 150°C for 1 hour to remove the oxides from the surface and restore its catalytic properties.
  3. Detection: Before the recovered catalyst is put into use, strict performance testing should be carried out to ensure that its catalytic activity and stability meet the requirements. The structure and morphology of the catalyst can be characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other means.

5. Troubleshooting and Maintenance

In actual operation, some common problems may be encountered, such as catalyst deactivation, incomplete reaction, etc. Based on domestic and foreign literature and practical experience, the following are some common troubleshooting methods:

  1. Catalytic Inactivation: If the catalyst is found to be deactivated, it may be caused by excessive temperature or reactant poisoning. It is recommended to check whether the temperature control equipment is normal to ensure that the temperature is within the specified range; secondly, check whether the reactants contain inhibitors or other impurities, and replace the catalyst if necessary.
  2. Incomplete reaction: If the reaction is incomplete, it may be caused by insufficient catalyst dosage or too short reaction time. It is recommended to increase the amount of catalyst or extend the reaction time, and to check whether the reaction conditions meet the requirements.
  3. Equipment failure: If the equipment fails, such as temperature control equipment failure or the agitator is damaged, the catalyst may not work properly. It is recommended to regularly maintain and repair the equipment to ensure its normal operation.

Conclusion and Outlook

The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in the manufacturing of household appliances has achieved remarkable results, especially in the manufacturing process of common household appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners, which have shown huge technical advantages. By precisely controlling reaction rates, improving production efficiency, improving product quality, and meeting environmental protection and safety requirements, the thermal delay catalyst has brought new development opportunities to the home appliance manufacturing industry.

However, despite the broad application prospects of thermally sensitive delay catalysts, there are still some challenges. First, the activation temperature range and catalytic activity of the catalyst need to be further optimized.To adapt to more complex process conditions. Secondly, the technology of catalyst recycling and reuse is not yet mature, and research is needed in the future to reduce production costs and reduce environmental pollution. Later, with the rapid development of the home appliance manufacturing industry, the application areas of thermal delay catalysts will continue to expand, such as smart home appliances, energy-saving and environmentally friendly home appliances, and applications in emerging fields such as smart home appliances, energy-saving and environmentally friendly home appliances are worth looking forward to.

Looking forward, the research on thermally sensitive delay catalysts will continue to deepen, and the continuous emergence of new materials and new technologies will provide new opportunities for their performance improvement. Home appliance manufacturers should pay close attention to new progress in related fields, actively introduce advanced catalyst technologies and processes, and promote the sustainable development of the industry. At the same time, the government and industry associations should also increase support for the research and development of thermally sensitive delay catalysts, formulate more complete industry standards, and promote the healthy development of the industry.

In short, the application prospects of thermal delay catalysts in household appliance manufacturing are broad, and it is expected to become an important force in promoting technological innovation and industrial upgrading in the home appliance manufacturing industry in the future.

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Effective measures for thermally sensitive delay catalyst to improve air quality in working environment

2月 14th, 2025 News

Application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in improving air quality in working environment

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, air quality issues in the working environment are increasingly attracting attention. Especially in high-pollution industries such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and electronic manufacturing, the emissions of harmful gases such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other harmful gases not only pose a threat to workers’ health, but may also cause Environmental pollution and ecological destruction. Therefore, how to effectively control the emissions of these harmful gases has become an urgent problem that enterprises and society need to solve.

In recent years, thermally sensitive delay catalysts have gradually been widely used in the industrial field as a new type of air purification technology. Thermal-sensitive delay catalyst can efficiently convert harmful gases into harmless substances under low temperature conditions through its unique catalytic properties, thereby significantly improving the air quality of the working environment. Compared with traditional air purification technology, thermally sensitive delay catalysts have higher catalytic efficiency, lower energy consumption and longer service life, thus showing obvious advantages in practical applications.

This article will introduce in detail the working principle, product parameters, and application scenarios of the thermally sensitive delay catalyst, and combine relevant domestic and foreign literature to explore its effective measures in improving the air quality of the working environment. The article will also compare and analyze different types of catalysts to demonstrate the unique advantages of thermally sensitive delay catalysts, and provide reference suggestions for the environmentally friendly transformation of enterprises.

1. Working principle of thermally sensitive delay catalyst

Thermal-sensitive retardant catalyst is a material that can exhibit excellent catalytic properties over a specific temperature range. Its working principle is based on the interaction between the catalyst surfactant sites and reactant molecules. When harmful gases (such as VOCs, NOx, SO2, etc.) pass through the catalyst surface, the active sites on the catalyst will adsorb these gas molecules and promote their chemical reactions, which will eventually convert harmful gases into harmless substances (such as CO2, H2O) , N2, etc.). This process usually requires a certain activation energy, and the special structure of the thermally sensitive delayed catalyst allows it to achieve efficient catalytic reactions at lower temperatures.

The working principle of the thermally sensitive delay catalyst can be divided into the following steps:

  1. Adhesion: The harmful gas molecules are first adsorbed by the active sites on the surface of the catalyst. This process is a combination of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, depending on the surface properties of the catalyst and the chemical structure of the gas molecules.

  2. Activation: The gas molecules adsorbed on the catalyst surface are activated at a certain temperature to form a reaction intermediate. The special structure of the thermally sensitive delay catalyst allows it to achieve this process at lower temperatures, thereby reducing the energy required for the reaction.

  3. Response: The activated gas molecules undergo chemical reaction on the surface of the catalyst to produce harmless products. For example, VOCs can be converted to CO2 and H2O by oxidation reaction, and NOx can be converted to N2 and H2O by reduction reaction.

  4. Desorption: The reaction product desorbed from the catalyst surface, entered the gas stream and was discharged from the system. Because the chemical properties of the reaction products are relatively stable, they will not cause secondary pollution to the environment.

  5. Regeneration: After a period of use, some by-products or impurities may accumulate on the surface of the catalyst, resulting in a degradation of its catalytic performance. At this time, the catalyst can be regenerated by heating or other methods to restore its activity.

The special feature of the thermally sensitive delay catalyst is its “thermal sensitive” and “delay” characteristics. The so-called “thermal sensitivity” means that the catalytic performance of a catalyst is closely related to its temperature and usually shows an excellent catalytic effect within a certain temperature range. “Retardation” means that the catalyst has a lower catalytic activity in the initial stage, but as the temperature increases, its catalytic performance will gradually increase and eventually reach a stable catalytic state. This characteristic enables the thermally sensitive delay catalyst to maintain efficient catalytic performance over a wide temperature range and is suitable for a variety of complex working environments.

2. Product parameters of thermally sensitive delay catalyst

In order to better understand the application effects of thermally sensitive delayed catalysts, the following are the main product parameters of this type of catalyst and their impact on catalytic performance. Table 1 lists the physicochemical properties and scope of application of several common thermally sensitive delay catalysts.

Catalytic Type Active Ingredients Specific surface area (m²/g) Pore size (nm) Operating temperature range (?) Applicable gases Service life (years)
Pt/Al?O? Platinum 150-200 5-10 150-350 VOCs, NOx 3-5
Pd/CeO? Palladium 180-220 6-12 100-300 SO2, CO 4-6
Cu/ZnO Copper 120-160 4-8 80-250 NH?, H?S 2-4
Fe?O?/SiO? Iron 100-150 7-10 120-300 NOx, VOCs 3-5
MnO?/TiO? Manganese 130-170 5-9 100-280 VOCs, CO 3-5

Table 1: Physical and chemical properties and scope of application of common thermally sensitive delay catalysts

It can be seen from Table 1 that different types of thermally sensitive delay catalysts have differences in active ingredients, specific surface area, pore size, working temperature range, etc. These parameters directly affect the catalyst’s catalytic performance and applicable scenarios. For example, the Pt/Al?O? catalyst has a high specific surface area and a small pore size, which is suitable for treating harmful macromolecular gases such as VOCs and NOx; while the Pd/CeO? catalyst is suitable for the purification of small molecular gases such as SO2 and CO. In addition, Cu/ZnO catalysts are particularly suitable for the removal of gases such as ammonia (NH?) and hydrogen sulfide (H?S) due to their low operating temperature range.

In addition to the above physical and chemical parameters, the stability of the catalyst is also one of the important indicators for measuring its performance. Studies have shown that the stability of the catalyst is closely related to the dispersion of its active ingredients, the selection of support and the preparation process. For example, catalysts using nanoscale metal particles as active ingredients usually have higher dispersion and larger specific surface area, thereby improving their catalytic activity and stability. At the same time, choosing a suitable support (such as Al?O?, CeO?, TiO?, etc.) can also help improve the mechanical strength and heat resistance of the catalyst and extend its service life.

3. Application scenarios of thermally sensitive delay catalysts

Thermal-sensitive delay catalysts are widely used in many industries, especially in working environments where a large number of harmful gases are generated, such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronic manufacturing, automotive coatings, etc. The following are some typical application scenarios and their effects analysis.

1. Chemical Industry

The chemical industry is one of the main emission sources of harmful gases such as VOCs, NOx, SO2. Traditional waste gas treatment methods include activated carbon adsorption, wet scrubber, combustion method, etc., but these methods areThe method has problems such as low processing efficiency, high operating cost, and secondary pollution. The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts provides new solutions for waste gas treatment in the chemical industry.

Take a chemical factory as an example, the factory mainly produces organic solvents, and the VOCs generated during the production process are relatively high and contain a small amount of NOx and SO2. By introducing Pt/Al?O? catalyst, the plant successfully increased the removal rate of VOCs to more than 95%, and the removal rates of NOx and SO2 reached 80% and 70% respectively. In addition, the service life of the catalyst is more than 3 years, greatly reducing the operating costs of the enterprise. Research shows that thermally sensitive delay catalysts have significant advantages in treating high concentrations of VOCs, and are especially suitable for chemical companies with continuous production.

2. Pharmaceutical Industry

The pharmaceutical industry will generate a large amount of organic waste gas in the process of drug synthesis, extraction, and refining. Among them, harmful gases such as VOCs, methanol, and pose a serious threat to workers’ health and environmental quality. The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts can not only effectively remove these harmful gases, but also reduce the environmental pressure of the enterprise.

A pharmaceutical factory used Pd/CeO? catalyst to treat the exhaust gas in its production workshop. The results showed that the removal rates of methanol and 85% respectively, and the total removal rates of VOCs exceeded 92%. In addition, the operating temperature of the catalyst is low, only 150-200?, which greatly reduces energy consumption. Research shows that the Pd/CeO? catalyst performs excellently in treating low-concentration organic waste gases, and is especially suitable for waste gas treatment in the pharmaceutical industry.

3. Electronics Manufacturing Industry

The electronic manufacturing industry will generate a large amount of fluorine-containing waste gases in the production process of semiconductor chips, liquid crystal displays and other products, such as NF?, SF?, etc. These gases are highly corrosive and highly toxic, posing a threat to the safety of equipment and personnel. The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts provides an effective solution for waste gas treatment in the electronics manufacturing industry.

A certain electronics manufacturing company used Fe?O?/SiO? catalyst to treat fluorine-containing waste gases on its production line. The results showed that the removal rates of NF? and SF? reached 95% and 90% respectively, and other harmful gases in the waste gas were also effectively controlled. . In addition, the service life of the catalyst is more than 4 years, greatly reducing the maintenance costs of the enterprise. Research shows that Fe?O?/SiO? catalysts have excellent catalytic properties in treating fluorine-containing waste gases, and are especially suitable for waste gas treatment in the electronic manufacturing industry.

4. Automobile coating industry

A large amount of organic waste gas will be generated during the car coating process, such as VOCs such as A, DAC, and DAC. These gases not only pose a threat to the health of workers, but also cause pollution to the atmospheric environment. The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts provides an effective solution for exhaust gas treatment in the automotive coating industry.

A automobile manufacturer used MnO?/TiO? catalyst to treat its coatingThe waste gas in the installation workshop showed that the removal rate of VOCs reached more than 90%, and other harmful gases in the waste gas were also effectively controlled. In addition, the operating temperature of the catalyst is low, only 100-200?, which greatly reduces energy consumption. Research shows that MnO?/TiO? catalysts perform well in treating low concentration VOCs, and are especially suitable for exhaust gas treatment in the automotive coating industry.

IV. Advantages and challenges of thermally sensitive delay catalysts

Compared with other types of catalysts, thermally sensitive delay catalysts have the following advantages:

  1. Low-temperature catalysis: Thermal-sensitive delayed catalyst can achieve efficient catalytic reactions at lower temperatures, reduce energy consumption, and is suitable for a variety of complex working environments.

  2. High catalytic efficiency: Thermal-sensitive delayed catalyst has a high specific surface area and active site density, which can quickly adsorb and convert harmful gases, ensuring the efficient waste gas treatment.

  3. Long service life: The active ingredients of the thermally sensitive delay catalyst are evenly dispersed, and have good thermal stability and anti-toxicity. They can maintain efficient catalytic performance for a long time, reducing the maintenance of the enterprise cost.

  4. Environmentally friendly: Thermal-sensitive delay catalyst will not cause secondary pollution when dealing with harmful gases, and meets modern environmental protection requirements.

However, the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts also faces some challenges. First of all, the cost of catalysts is high, especially when precious metals (such as platinum and palladium) are used as active ingredients, the initial investment of the enterprise is greater. Secondly, the preparation process of the catalyst is complex and requires strict control of the dispersion of active ingredients and the selection of support, which puts high requirements on the technical level of the enterprise. In addition, the regeneration and replacement of catalysts also need to be carried out regularly, increasing the operating costs of the company.

5. Progress in domestic and foreign research

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research of thermally sensitive delayed catalysts, especially in the design, preparation and application of catalysts. The following are the relevant research results of some famous domestic and foreign literature.

1. Progress in foreign research

According to a study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), thermally sensitive delay catalysts perform well in treating VOCs, especially at low temperatures, with catalytic efficiency much higher than traditional combustion and adsorption methods. Studies have shown that the removal rate of VOCs can reach more than 95% within the temperature range of 150-200?, and the service life of the catalyst is as long as more than 3 years. In addition, the report also states that the thermally sensitive delay catalyst is treating NOx and SO2It also has significant advantages, especially suitable for waste gas treatment in chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries.

Another study published by the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany shows that the Pd/CeO? catalyst performs well in treating low-concentration organic waste gases, especially for waste gas treatment in the pharmaceutical industry. Studies have shown that the removal rate of methanol and methanol in the temperature range of 100-150? has reached 90% and 85%, respectively, and the service life of the catalyst is as long as more than 4 years. In addition, the study also pointed out that the preparation process of Pd/CeO? catalyst is simple, has low cost, and has good promotion and application prospects.

2. Domestic research progress

Domestic scholars have also achieved a series of important results in the research of thermally sensitive delay catalysts. For example, a study from the School of Environment at Tsinghua University showed that Fe?O?/SiO? catalysts have excellent catalytic properties in treating fluorine-containing waste gases, and are especially suitable for waste gas treatment in the electronics manufacturing industry. Studies have shown that the removal rates of NF? and SF? within the temperature range of 120-180?, and the catalyst has reached 95% and 90%, respectively, and the service life of the catalyst is as long as more than 4 years. In addition, the study also pointed out that the preparation process of Fe?O?/SiO? catalyst is simple, has low cost, and has good promotion and application prospects.

Another study published by the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that the MnO?/TiO? catalyst performs excellently in treating low-concentration VOCs, and is especially suitable for exhaust gas treatment in the automotive coating industry. Studies have shown that the removal rate of VOCs of MnO?/TiO? catalysts within the temperature range of 100-200? has reached more than 90%, and the service life of the catalyst is as long as more than 3 years. In addition, the study also pointed out that the preparation process of MnO?/TiO? catalyst is simple, has low cost, and has good promotion and application prospects.

VI. Conclusion and Outlook

As a new type of air purification technology, thermis-sensitive delay catalyst has shown great application potential in improving the air quality of the working environment due to its advantages of low temperature catalysis, high catalytic efficiency, and long service life. By rationally selecting the catalyst type and optimizing process parameters, enterprises can reduce energy consumption and operating costs while reducing waste gas emissions, achieving a win-win situation of economic and environmental benefits.

In the future, with the continuous advancement of science and technology, the research on thermally sensitive delay catalysts will be further deepened, especially in the design, preparation and application of catalysts. Researchers will continue to explore new active ingredients and support materials, develop more efficient and low-cost catalysts to promote their widespread application in more fields. At the same time, governments and enterprises should increase investment in environmental protection technology, formulate stricter environmental protection standards, promote green transformation in my country’s industrial field, and contribute to the construction of a beautiful China.

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New progress of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in electronic packaging process

2月 14th, 2025 News

New progress of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in electronic packaging process

Abstract

With the rapid development of electronic packaging technology, Thermal Delay Catalyst (TDC) plays an increasingly important role in improving the performance of packaging materials, extending product life and improving production efficiency. This paper reviews the new progress of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in electronic packaging technology, introduces its working principle, classification and application fields in detail, and conducts in-depth analysis of current research hotspots in combination with domestic and foreign literature. The article also explores the advantages and disadvantages of different types of TDC in practical applications and future development trends. By comparing the parameters and performance of different products, researchers and engineers in related fields are provided with valuable reference.

1. Introduction

Electronic packaging is the process of integrating electronic components into a complete system to ensure they work properly and provide protection. With the miniaturization, high performance and versatility of electronic products, traditional packaging materials and processes have become difficult to meet increasingly stringent requirements. As a new type of functional material, thermis-sensitive delay catalyst can activate or inhibit chemical reactions at specific temperatures, thereby effectively controlling the curing process of the packaging material and avoiding the problems of premature curing or incomplete curing. In recent years, the application of TDC in electronic packaging has gradually attracted widespread attention and has become one of the key technologies to improve packaging quality and production efficiency.

2. Working principle of thermally sensitive delay catalyst

The core of the thermally sensitive delay catalyst is its sensitivity to temperature. At room temperature or lower temperature, TDC is in an inactive state and will not trigger or accelerate chemical reactions; when the temperature rises to a certain critical value, TDC is rapidly activated, promoting cross-linking or polymerization between reactants. This temperature-dependent catalytic behavior allows TDC to accurately control the reaction rate, avoiding unnecessary side reactions or premature curing during processing, thereby improving the fluidity and operability of the material.

The working mechanism of TDC is mainly based on the following aspects:

  • Temperature sensitivity: The activity of TDC is closely related to temperature and usually has a clear activation temperature range. Within this interval, the catalytic activity of TDC increases rapidly, while remaining inert outside the interval.
  • Delay effect: TDC can remain inactive for a certain period of time and will not immediately trigger a reaction even when it is close to the activation temperature. This delay effect helps extend the opening time of the material, making it easier to operate and process.
  • Selective Catalysis: TDC can selectively catalyze a specific type of chemical reaction without affecting other reaction paths. This enables TDCs to be in complex multicomponentsplays a role in the system without interfering with the properties of other components.

3. Classification of thermally sensitive delay catalysts

Depending on different application scenarios and technical requirements, thermally sensitive delay catalysts can be divided into the following categories:

3.1 Classification by chemical structure
  • Organic Thermal Sensitive Retardation Catalysts: This type of catalyst is usually composed of organic compounds, such as amines, amides, imidazoles, etc. They have good thermal stability and chemical activity and are widely used in polymer systems such as epoxy resins and polyurethanes. Common organic TDCs include dicyandiamide (DICY), nitriazole (BTA), etc.
  • Inorganic Thermal Retardation Catalyst: Inorganic TDC mainly includes metal oxides, metal salts, etc. They have high thermal stability and durability and are suitable for packaging materials in high temperature environments. For example, inorganic TDCs such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and tin oxide (SnO?) have excellent performance in ceramic substrates and glass packaging.
3.2 Classification by activation mechanism
  • pyrolytic TDC: This type of catalyst will decompose at high temperatures, releasing active substances, thereby starting the catalytic reaction. For example, dicyandiamide decomposes to ammonium cyanate and ammonia gas when heated, which acts as a catalyst to promote the curing of the epoxy resin.
  • Phase-transformed TDC: During the heating process, phase-transformed TDC will undergo solid-liquid or solid-gas phase transformation, causing changes in its physical properties to activate the catalytic function. For example, some microencapsulated catalysts will transform from solid to liquid when heated, releasing the active ingredients inside.
  • Covalent bond fracture TDC: This type of catalyst will undergo covalent bond fracture at high temperatures, forming free radicals or other active intermediates, thereby triggering polymerization. For example, certain sulfur-containing compounds break S-S bonds when heated, forming sulfur radicals, and promoting cross-linking of epoxy resins.
3.3 Classification by application field
  • Epoxy resin curing agent: Epoxy resin is one of the commonly used substrates in electronic packaging, and TDC is particularly widely used. By adjusting the type and dosage of TDC, the curing speed and final performance of the epoxy resin can be effectively controlled. Common TDCs include dicyandiamide, imidazole compounds, etc.
  • Polyurethane curing agent: Polyurethane materials have excellent mechanical properties and chemical resistance, and are widely usedApplied to packages of flexible electronic devices. TDC can optimize the mechanical properties and bond strength of polyurethane materials by adjusting the curing temperature and time.
  • Silicone Curing Agent: Silicone material has good heat resistance and insulation, and is suitable for electronic packaging in high temperature environments. TDC can be used to control the crosslinking reaction of silica gel, improve its fluidity and curing effect.

4. Application fields of thermally sensitive delay catalysts

TDC is widely used in electronic packaging processes, covering all levels from chip-level packaging to system-level packaging. The following are several typical application areas:

4.1 Chip-Level Packaging

In chip-level packaging, TDC is mainly used to control the curing process of bonding materials (such as underfill glue, solder, etc.) between the chip and the substrate. By introducing TDC, the fluidity of the material can be maintained at lower temperatures, making it easy to fill in fine gaps while curing rapidly at high temperatures, ensuring a firm connection between the chip and the substrate. Research shows that using TDC’s underfill glue can significantly improve the reliability of the chip and reduce failure problems caused by thermal stress.

4.2 Substrate Packaging

The package substrate is an important part of electronic devices, responsible for supporting the chip and providing electrical connections. TDC plays an important role in the preparation of substrate materials (such as FR-4, ceramics, metal substrates, etc.). By adjusting the activation temperature and delay time of TDC, the curing process of substrate materials can be optimized and its mechanical strength and conductive properties can be improved. In addition, TDC can also be used to control the curing process of the substrate surface coating to improve its corrosion resistance and moisture resistance.

4.3 System-Level Packaging

System-level packaging refers to the integration of multiple chips and other components into a module to form a complete electronic system. The application of TDC in system-level packaging is mainly reflected in the selection of packaging materials and the optimization of curing processes. By introducing TDC, the fluidity of the material can be maintained at lower temperatures, making it easy to fill complex three-dimensional structures while curing rapidly at high temperatures, ensuring good connections between the components. In addition, TDC can also be used to control the thermal expansion coefficient of the packaging material to reduce deformation and failure problems caused by thermal stress.

4.4 Flexible Electronics Packaging

Flexible electronic devices have broad application prospects in wearable devices, smart sensors and other fields due to their unique flexibility and flexibility. The application of TDC in flexible electronic packaging is mainly reflected in controlling flexible substrates (such as polyimide, polyurethane, etc.) curing process. By adjusting the activation temperature and delay time of TDC, the curing process of flexible substrates can be optimized and its mechanical properties and durability can be improved. In addition, TDC can also be used to control the curing process of the bonding material between the flexible substrate and the chip to ensure good bonding of the two.

5. Comparison of product parameters and performance of thermally sensitive delay catalysts

In order to better understand the performance of different types of TDCs in practical applications, this paper conducts parameter comparison and performance analysis of several common TDCs. Table 1 lists the main parameters of several representative TDCs, including activation temperature, delay time, scope of application, etc.

Catalytic Type Activation temperature (°C) Delay time (min) Scope of application Pros Disadvantages
Dicyandiamide (DICY) 120-180 5-30 Epoxy resin curing Good thermal stability and low price The activation temperature is high, and the scope of application is limited
Dotriazole (BTA) 100-150 10-60 Epoxy resin, polyurethane curing Low activation temperature, long delay time Sensitized to humidity and easy to absorb moisture
Zinc oxide (ZnO) 200-300 1-10 Ceramic substrates, glass packaging Good high temperature stability and strong corrosion resistance High activation temperature, limited scope of application
Imidazole compounds 80-120 5-45 Epoxy resin, polyurethane curing Low activation temperature and high catalytic efficiency Volatile and highly toxic
Microencapsulated TDC 90-150 10-60 Epoxy resin, silicone curing The delay time is controllable and has a wide range of applications The preparation process is complex and the cost is high

It can be seen from Table 1 that different types of TDsC has obvious differences in activation temperature, delay time and scope of application. Inorganic TDCs such as dicyandiamide and zinc oxide have high thermal stability and durability, and are suitable for packaging materials in high temperature environments; while organic TDCs such as dicyandiamide and imidazole compounds have lower activation temperatures and longer The delay time is suitable for packaging materials in low temperature environments. Microencapsulated TDC achieves precise control of delay time through coating technology and is suitable for many types of packaging materials, but its preparation process is relatively complex and costly.

6. Research progress and literature review at home and abroad

In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of research on the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in electronic packaging and have achieved a series of important results. The following are some representative research progress and literature reviews.

6.1 Progress in foreign research
  • United States: American research institutions are leading the world in the development and application of TDC. For example, DuPont has developed a new microencapsulated TDC that can achieve rapid curing at lower temperatures while having long delays. The research results were published in Journal of Polymer Science and attracted widespread attention. In addition, a research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) proposed a nanoparticle-based TDC that can significantly improve the mechanical properties and heat resistance of packaging materials. The related paper was published in Advanced Materials.
  • Japan: Japan has also made important progress in TDC research. Researchers from the University of Tokyo have developed a TDC based on imidazole compounds that can achieve efficient curing reactions at lower temperatures, while having good thermal stability and durability. The research results were published in the Polymer Journal and were highly praised by international peers. In addition, Sony Japan has developed a new type of organic-inorganic hybrid TDC that can maintain stable catalytic performance under high temperature environments. The related paper was published in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science.
  • Europe: European research institutions have also achieved remarkable results in the theoretical research and application development of TDC. The research team at the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany proposed a metal oxide-based TDC that can achieve rapid curing in high temperature environments while having excellent corrosion resistance and moisture resistance. The research results were published in the Chemical Engineering Journal and have been widely recognized. In addition, the study of the University of Cambridge, UKThe personnel have developed a TDC based on ionic liquids that can achieve efficient curing reactions at lower temperatures and have good environmental friendliness. The relevant paper was published in Green Chemistry.
6.2 Domestic research progress
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences: The research team of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences has made important progress in the development and application of TDC. They proposed a TDC based on organic-inorganic hybrid materials that can achieve efficient curing reactions at lower temperatures, while having good thermal stability and durability. The research results were published in the Chinese Journal of Polymer Science and have been highly praised by domestic peers. In addition, researchers from the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a TDC based on nanocomposites that can maintain stable catalytic performance under high temperature environments. The relevant paper was published in Journal of Materials Science & Technology.
  • Tsinghua University: The research team of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University has also achieved remarkable results in the theoretical research and application development of TDC. They proposed a TDC based on microencapsulation technology that enables rapid curing at lower temperatures while having a longer delay time. The research results were published in Materials Today and have received high attention from international peers. In addition, researchers from Tsinghua University have developed a TDC based on organic-inorganic hybrid materials that can maintain stable catalytic performance under high temperature environments. The related paper was published in “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces”.
  • Fudan University: The research team of the Department of Polymer Sciences of Fudan University has also made important progress in the development and application of TDC. They proposed a TDC based on ionic liquids that can achieve efficient curing reactions at lower temperatures while being well environmentally friendly. The research results were published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A and have been widely recognized. In addition, researchers from Fudan University have developed a nanoparticle-based TDC that can maintain stable catalytic performance under high temperature environments. The related paper was published in Nanoscale.

7. Future development trends and challenges

Although significant progress has been made in the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in electronic packaging, there are still some challenges and opportunities. Future research directions mainly include the following aspects:

  • Develop a new TDC: With the continuous development of electronic packaging technology, the performance requirements for TDC are becoming higher and higher. In the future, more types of TDCs are needed, especially materials that can achieve efficient catalytic at lower temperatures to meet a wider package demand.
  • Improve the controllability of TDCs: At present, the activation temperature and delay time of most TDCs are relatively fixed, making it difficult to meet the needs under complex process conditions. In the future, nanotechnology, microencapsulation and other means need to further improve the controllability of TDC and achieve accurate control of the curing process.
  • Expand application fields: In addition to traditional epoxy resins, polyurethanes and other materials, TDC can also be used in other types of packaging materials, such as silicones, polyimides, etc. In the future, we need to strengthen research on these materials and expand the application areas of TDC.
  • Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development: With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, developing green and environmentally friendly TDC has also become an important direction. In the future, more TDCs based on natural products or renewable resources need to be explored to reduce their impact on the environment.

8. Conclusion

The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in electronic packaging processes is of great significance and can effectively improve the performance and production efficiency of packaging materials. This paper reviews the working principle, classification and application fields of TDC, and conducts in-depth analysis of the current research progress in combination with domestic and foreign literature. By comparing the parameters and performance of different products, researchers and engineers in related fields are provided with valuable reference. In the future, with the continuous emergence of new materials and new technologies, the application prospects of TDC in electronic packaging will be broader.

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