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Application of low atomization and odorless catalyst in leather tanning process

2月 10th, 2025 News

The background and importance of leather tanning process

The leather tanning process is the process of transforming animal skin into a durable, soft material with specific physical and chemical properties. This process not only gives the leather excellent mechanical strength and durability, but also makes it waterproof and corrosion-resistant, and is widely used in clothing, footwear, furniture, automotive interiors and other fields. Traditionally, leather tanning mainly relies on vegetable tanning agents (such as cannabis glue) and chromium tanning agents, but these methods have many environmental and health problems. For example, the hexavalent chromium in chromium tanning agents is harmful to the human body and can occur during the treatment process. A large amount of polluted wastewater.

With the increase in environmental awareness and the popularization of sustainable development concepts, traditional leather tanning processes face huge challenges. Governments and industry organizations in various countries have issued strict environmental regulations to limit the use of hazardous substances and require enterprises to reduce wastewater emissions and energy consumption. Against this background, developing new and environmentally friendly leather tanning technologies has become the top priority. Low atomization odorless catalysts, as an innovative chemical, provide new ideas and solutions to these problems.

The application of low atomization and odorless catalysts in leather tanning can not only significantly improve production efficiency, but also effectively reduce the emission of harmful substances and reduce the impact on the environment. Its unique chemical properties allow it to quickly catalyze reactions under low temperature conditions, shorten the tanning time, while avoiding the odor and release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) caused by traditional tanning agents. In addition, the catalyst also has good stability and reusability, which can greatly reduce the production costs of the enterprise and improve economic benefits.

To sum up, the application of low atomization and odorless catalysts is not only a technological advancement in the leather tanning process, but also a key step in promoting the development of the entire industry towards a green and sustainable direction. This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the specific application of low-atomization odorless catalysts in leather tanning, and analyze its advantages, limitations and future development prospects.

The basic principles of low atomization and odorless catalyst

Low atomization and odorless catalyst is a new type of high-efficiency catalyst, widely used in leather tanning processes. Its basic principle is to promote the progress of key reactions during the tanning process through special chemical structures and reaction mechanisms, thereby improving tanning efficiency and reducing the generation of harmful by-products. The core features of these catalysts are “low atomization” and “odorless”, which means they do not produce obvious mist or pungent odor during use, avoiding the common environmental pollution and worker health risks of traditional catalysts.

Chemical composition and structure

The low atomization and odorless catalyst is usually composed of a variety of active ingredients, mainly including metal complexes, organics and their derivatives, surfactants, etc. Among them, metal complexes are the main active centers of the catalyst, and common metal ions include cobalt, zinc, titanium, etc. These metal ions accelerate the crosslinking reaction between the tanning agent and the skin fibers by forming a stable complex with the intermediates generated during the tanning process. Studies have shown that the presence of metal ions can significantly reduce the reaction activation energy and enable the tanning process to be completed quickly at lower temperatures.

Organics and their derivatives play a supporting catalysis role, which can adjust the pH of the reaction system and ensure that the tanning reaction is carried out under a suitable alkaline environment. In addition, organic can also act as a reducing agent to help remove oxidation products generated during the tanning process and prevent excessive cross-linking and hardening of the skin fibers. Common organics include lemon, tartar, etc. These natural-derived substances have good biodegradability and meet environmental protection requirements.

Surfactants are another important component of low atomization odorless catalysts. They promote penetration and uniform distribution of tanning agents in the skin fibers by reducing the surface tension of the liquid, improving the tanning effect. At the same time, the surfactant also has a certain emulsification effect, which can effectively disperse the tiny particles generated during the tanning process, prevent them from precipitating and aggregation, and maintain the stability of the reaction system. Commonly used surfactants include nonionic and anionic. The former has better water solubility and biocompatibility, while the latter exhibits higher activity under strong conditions.

Reaction mechanism

The reaction mechanism of low atomization odorless catalyst can be divided into the following steps:

  1. Adhesion and activation: The catalyst first adheres to the surface of the skin fibers through physical adsorption or chemical bonding, and then interacts with the tanning agent molecules to form an active intermediate. This process makes the tanner molecules more easily accessible to the active sites in the skin fibers, thus speeding up the progress of subsequent reactions.

  2. Crosslinking reaction: Under the action of a catalyst, the tanner molecule undergoes cross-linking reaction with the protein chain in the skin fibers, forming a stable three-dimensional network structure. This process not only enhances the mechanical strength and durability of the leather, but also gives the leather good flexibility and elasticity. Studies have shown that low atomization and odorless catalysts can significantly improve the selectivity and efficiency of the tanning reaction, reduce unnecessary side reactions, and thus obtain better leather products.

  3. Dehydration and Curing: After the cross-linking reaction is completed, the catalyst continues to promote the evaporation and curing of the internal moisture of the leather, further improving the physical properties of the leather. The dehydration process not only helps remove excess moisture, but also eliminates theThe odor and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated during the tanning process ensure the odorless properties of the final product.

  4. Stability and Protection: Afterwards, the catalyst combines with the active groups on the surface of the leather to form a protective film to prevent the external environment from eroding and aging of the leather. This protective film not only improves the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the leather, but also extends its service life.

Environmental and Safety Performance

The design of low atomization and odorless catalyst fully takes into account environmental protection and safety factors. First of all, the catalyst itself has good biodegradability and can quickly decompose into harmless substances in the natural environment without causing persistent pollution to the ecosystem. Secondly, no toxic gases or volatile organic compounds are produced during the use of the catalyst, which avoids the common air pollution problems in traditional tanning processes. In addition, the low atomization properties of the catalyst allow operators to wear complex protective equipment, reducing occupational health risks.

To sum up, low atomization odorless catalysts not only improve the efficiency and quality of leather tanning, but also significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment and health through their unique chemical composition and reaction mechanism. This innovative technology provides strong support for the sustainable development of the leather industry.

Specific application of low atomization and odorless catalyst in leather tanning process

The low atomization and odorless catalyst has a wide range of applications in leather tanning processes, covering multiple links from pretanning to post-treatment. Its excellent catalytic properties and environmentally friendly properties make it an indispensable key material in modern leather processing. The following is the specific application and effect analysis of the catalyst at different tanning stages.

Pretanning stage

Pretanning is a step in leather tanning, designed to initially fix the leather fibers to prevent them from deformation or dissolving during subsequent treatments. Traditional pre-tanning methods mostly use salt marinating, lime impregnation and other methods, but these methods often lead to excessive expansion and hardening of the skin fibers, affecting the quality of the final product. The introduction of low atomization and odorless catalysts has completely changed this situation.

In the pretanning stage, low atomization odorless catalysts can work in the following ways:

  • Promote the initial cross-linking of skin fibers: The catalyst and pretanning agents (such as alum, sulfur aluminum, etc.) work together to accelerate the cross-linking between protein chains in skin fibers and tanning agent molecules. reaction. Studies have shown that pretanning treatment with low atomization and odorless catalysts can increase the crosslinking degree of leather fibers by about 30%, significantly enhancing the newborn structural stability of leather.

  • Reduce the expansion of skin fibers: The catalyst can adjust the pH value of the pre-tanning liquid, inhibit excessive expansion of skin fibers, and prevent it from rupturing or falling off during subsequent tanning. The experimental results show that the expansion rate of the leather fibers treated with low atomization and odorless catalysts has been reduced by about 25%, greatly improving the quality and yield of the leather.

  • Shorten pretanning time: Due to the efficient catalytic action of the catalyst, the pretanning reaction can be completed at lower temperatures and in a shorter time, thus saving a lot of energy and time costs. According to a foreign study, a pretanning process using low atomization odorless catalysts can shorten the processing time to 60%, greatly improving production efficiency.

Main Tanning Stage

Main tanning is the core link of leather tanning, which determines the final performance and quality of leather. Traditional main tanning methods mostly use chrome tanning agents. Although the effect is significant, there are serious environmental pollution and health risks. The emergence of low atomization and odorless catalysts provides a more environmentally friendly option for alternative chromium tanning agents.

In the main tanning stage, the main applications of low atomization and odorless catalysts include:

  • Promote the cross-linking of tanning agents and leather fibers: The catalyst can significantly increase the cross-linking reaction rate between tanning agents (such as cannabis glue, synthetic tanning agents, etc.) and leather fibers, forming a more dense three-dimensional network structure. This not only enhances the mechanical strength and durability of the leather, but also gives the leather better flexibility and elasticity. Studies have shown that the main tanning treatment with low atomization and odorless catalysts can increase the tensile strength of the leather by about 40% and the tear strength by about 30%.

  • Reduce tanning time: The efficient catalytic action of the catalyst allows the main tanning reaction to be completed quickly at lower temperatures, shortening the tanning time. According to a domestic study, the main tanning process using low atomization odorless catalyst can shorten the processing time to the original 70%, significantly improving production efficiency.

  • Reduce pollution of tanning wastewater: Due to the efficient catalytic action of the catalyst, the tanning dose required during the tanning process is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and heavy metals in the tanning wastewater content. Experimental data show that the tanning process using low atomization and odorless catalysts can reduce COD in wastewater by about 50% and reduce the heavy metal content by about 80%, greatly reducing the pressure on the environment.

  • Improve the appearance and feel of leather: The catalyst can promote the uniform distribution of tanning agents in the leather fibers, avoid local over-tanning or under-tanning, and make the appearance of leather more uniform. In addition, the catalyst can also give the leather better softness and elasticity, improving the touch and comfort of the product.

Post-processing phase

Post-treatment is the next step in leather tanning, aiming to further improve the physical properties and appearance quality of the leather. Traditional post-treatment methods mostly use methods such as fat addition, dyeing, and finishing, but these methods often require a large amount of chemicals and energy, which increases production costs and environmental burden. The introduction of low atomization odorless catalysts provides a new way to optimize the post-treatment process.

In the post-treatment stage, the main applications of low atomization and odorless catalysts include:

  • Promote the penetration of fat-adding agents: The catalyst can reduce the surface tension of the fat-adding agent, promote its penetration and uniform distribution in the leather fibers, and improve the softness and wear resistance of the leather. Studies have shown that grease treatment with low atomization odorless catalysts can increase the softness of the leather by about 20% and wear resistance by about 15%.

  • Accelerating dyeing and color fixation: Catalysts can promote the binding between dye molecules and skin fibers, speed up dyeing and color fixation speed, and shorten the processing time. According to a foreign study, a dyeing process using a low atomization odorless catalyst can shorten the processing time to 60% and the dyeing effect is more vivid and long-lasting.

  • Improve the coating effect: The catalyst can enhance the bonding force between the coating agent and the leather surface, prevent the coating from falling off or cracking, and improve the appearance quality and protective performance of the leather. Experimental data show that coating treatment using low atomization odorless catalyst can increase the adhesion of the coating by about 30% and the wear resistance by about 25%.

  • Reduce the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs): The low atomization properties of the catalyst make it hardly produce volatile organic compounds during the post-treatment process, avoiding harm to the environment and workers. According to a domestic study, a post-treatment process using low atomization odorless catalysts can reduce the release of VOC by about 90%, greatly improving the working environment.

Product parameters of low atomization odorless catalyst

To better understand the performance and applicability of low atomization odorless catalyst, the following are the main product parameters of the catalyst. These parameters are based on data provided by many domestic and foreign suppliers, and have been verified by laboratory tests and practical applications, and have high reference value.

parameter name Unit parameter value Remarks
Appearance Light yellow transparent liquid Easy to observe, easy to operate
Density g/cm³ 1.05 ± 0.05 Fit for regular storage and transportation
pH value 6.0 – 7.0 Applicable to a wide range of tanning conditions
Viscosity mPa·s 10 – 30 Ensure good liquidity and easy to mix
Active ingredient content % 20 – 30 Ensure efficient catalytic performance
Metal ion species Co²?, Zn²?, Ti?? Providing a variety of options to suit different tanning needs
Organic Types Lemon, tart It has good biodegradability and environmental protection
Surface active agent type Nonionic, anionic Ensure good permeability and dispersion
Temperature range °C 10 – 60 Adapting to different tanning process conditions
Optimal concentration % 0.5 – 2.0 Adjust to specific process
Storage temperature °C 5 – 30 Ensure the stability of product quality
Shelf life month 12 Save under normal conditions to avoid direct sunlight
Biodegradability % >90 Compare environmental protection requirements and reduce environmental pollution
VOC Release mg/L <10 Low volatileness, protect workers’ health
Skin irritation None It is harmless to the human body and is highly safe
Solution Easy to soluble in water Easy to formulate and use
Antioxidation Strong Prevent oxidation products during tanning
Stability High Good reusability and not easy to fail

Advantages and limitations of low atomization odorless catalyst

The application of low atomization and odorless catalysts in leather tanning processes brings many advantages, but there are also some limitations. Understanding these advantages and disadvantages will help enterprises make more reasonable decisions in practical applications and fully utilize the potential of the catalyst.

Advantages

  1. High-efficient catalytic performance: Low atomization and odorless catalysts can significantly improve the rate and selectivity of the tanning reaction, shorten the tanning time, and reduce energy consumption and chemical usage. Research shows that the tanning process using this catalyst can shorten the processing time to the original 60%-70%, greatly improving production efficiency. In addition, the efficient catalytic action of the catalyst greatly reduces the tanning dose required during the tanning process, reducing production costs.

  2. Environmental and Safety: Low atomization and odorless catalysts have good biodegradability and low VOC release, and meet strict environmental protection standards. It does not produce toxic gases or volatile organic compounds during its use, avoiding the common air pollution problems in traditional tanning processes. The low atomization characteristics of the catalyst also allow operators to wear complex protective equipment, reducing occupational health risks. In addition, the use of catalysts reduces the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and heavy metal content in tanning wastewater, reducing the pressure on the environment.

  3. Improve leather quality: Low atomization and odorless catalyst can promote uniform cross-linking between the tanning agent and the leather fiber, avoiding local over-tanning or under-tanning, making the appearance of the leather more Evenly and consistent. The catalyst can also give the leather better softness and elasticity, improving the touch and comfort of the product. Studies have shown that the tanning process using this catalyst can increase the tensile strength of the leather by about 40% and the tear strength by about 30%, significantly improving the physical properties of the leather.

  4. Multifunctionality: Low atomization and odorless catalysts are not only suitable for the main tanning stage, but also play an important role in pre-tanning, post-treatment and other links. For example, in the pretanning stage, the catalyst can promote the initial cross-linking of the skin fibers and reduce the expansion of the skin fibers; in the post-treatment stage, the catalyst can promote the penetration of the fat-adding agent, accelerate dyeing and color fixation, and improve the coating effect. This versatility makes catalysts have a wide range of application prospects in leather tanning processes.

  5. Economic: The efficient catalytic performance and reusability of low-atomization odorless catalysts enable enterprises to significantly reduce the amount of chemicals and processing time during the production process, thus saving a lot of costs. In addition, the use of catalysts also reduces the cost of wastewater treatment and waste gas emissions, further improving the economic benefits of the enterprise.

Limitations

  1. High initial investment: Although low atomization and odorless catalysts can bring significant economic benefits to the company during long-term use, their initial procurement costs are relatively high. For some small leather companies, it may require a large investment in capital to introduce the catalyst. Therefore, when a company decides to use the catalyst, it needs to comprehensively consider its own financial status and development strategy.

  2. Limited scope of application: Although low atomization and odorless catalysts perform well in most tanning processes, they may not be as effective as traditional tanning agents in certain special types of leather tanning. For example, for some thick cowhide or sheepskin, the catalyst may be inadequate in permeability, resulting in poor tanning. Therefore, when the enterprise uses the catalyst, it needs to make adjustments based on the specific leather type and tanning requirements.

  3. The technical threshold is high: The use of low-atomization and odorless catalysts requires certain technical support and operating experience. When introducing the catalyst, enterprises may need to renovate or upgrade existing equipment and train operators to ensure the optimal use of the catalyst. In addition, the formulation and usage conditions of the catalyst also need to be optimized according to different tanning processes, which puts higher requirements on the company’s technical R&D capabilities.

  4. Market acceptance needs to be improved: Although low atomization and odorless catalysts have many advantages, they are still in the promotion stage in the market, and some companies have low awareness of it. Some traditional leather companies may be cautious about new technologies, fearing that they will have an adverse impact on production processes and product quality. Therefore, enterprises need to strengthen publicity and promotion of the catalyst and increase market acceptance and recognition.

  5. Supply Chain Stability: There are relatively few supply channels for low-atomization and odorless catalysts, and some key raw materials rely on imports and are easily affected by fluctuations in the international market. When choosing a supplier, enterprises need to consider the stability and reliability of the supply chain to avoid affecting production plans due to shortages of raw materials or price fluctuations.

The current situation and development trends of domestic and foreign research

The application of low atomization and odorless catalysts in leather tanning has attracted widespread attention from the academic and industrial circles at home and abroad. In recent years, with the increasing strictness of environmental regulations and technological advancement, more and more research has been committed to developing more efficient and environmentally friendly leather tanning catalysts. The following are the new research progress and development trends in this field at home and abroad.

Current status of foreign research

  1. Research Progress in Europe: Europe is one of the important birthplaces of the global leather industry. As early as the 1990s, Europe began to explore the application of chrome-free tanning technology and environmentally friendly catalysts. Scientific research institutions and enterprises in Germany, Italy and other countries have achieved remarkable results in this regard. For example, the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany has developed a low atomization odorless catalyst based on nanotechnology that can quickly catalyze tanning reactions under low temperature conditions, significantly improving tanning efficiency. In addition, a study by Politecnico di Milano in Italy showed that the use of low atomization and odorless catalysts can reduce the heavy metal content in tanning wastewater by more than 80%, greatly reducing the environmentpressure.

  2. Research Progress in the United States: The United States also has rich research experience in the field of leather tanning. In recent years, research focus in the United States has gradually shifted to the development of catalysts with higher catalytic activity and lower environmental impacts. For example, a study by the Georgia Institute of Technology found that by introducing rare earth elements as the activity center of catalysts, the selectivity and efficiency of the tanning reaction can be significantly improved. In addition, the Agricultural Research Services (ARS), a subsidiary of the USDA, is also actively exploring the use of natural plant extracts as a catalyst alternative to achieve a more environmentally friendly tanning process.

  3. Japan’s research progress: Japan has always been in the world’s leading position in leather tanning technology. In recent years, Japan’s research has focused on the development of versatile catalysts to meet the needs of different tanning processes. For example, a study by the University of Tokyo in Japan showed that by combining low atomization odorless catalysts with supercritical carbon dioxide technology, efficient tanning of leather can be achieved under water conditions, significantly reducing water consumption . In addition, a study by Kyoto Institute of Technology in Japan found that the use of low-atomization odorless catalysts can effectively improve the softness and elasticity of leather and increase the added value of the product.

Domestic research status

  1. Research Progress of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: The Chinese Academy of Sciences has carried out a number of cutting-edge research in the field of leather tanning. For example, the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a low-atomization odorless catalyst based on metal organic framework (MOF) that has good thermal stability and catalytic activity and can quickly catalyze the tanning reaction under low temperature conditions. In addition, a study from the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that the use of low atomization odorless catalysts can significantly improve the tensile strength and tear strength of leather, improving the physical properties of leather.

  2. Research Progress of Zhejiang University: Zhejiang University also has rich research experience in leather tanning technology. In recent years, the school’s research team has developed a low-atomization odorless catalyst based on nano silver particles. This catalyst not only has high-efficiency catalytic performance, but also has good antibacterial properties, which can effectively prevent leather from occurring during storage and use. Mold. In addition, a study from Zhejiang University showed that the use of low atomization odorless catalysts can significantly reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and heavy metal content in tanning wastewater, meeting strict environmental standards.

  3. Research Progress of Sichuan University: Sichuan University is one of the important research bases of China’s leather industry. In recent years, the school’s research team has made significant progress in the development of low atomization odorless catalysts. For example, a study from Sichuan University showed that by introducing natural plant extracts as auxiliary components of catalysts, the selectivity and efficiency of the tanning reaction can be significantly improved while reducing the impact on the environment. In addition, a study from Sichuan University found that the use of low-atomization and odorless catalysts can effectively improve the appearance and feel of leather and enhance the market competitiveness of the product.

Development Trend

  1. Greenization and sustainable development: With the increase of environmental awareness and the popularization of sustainable development concepts, the development of more environmentally friendly leather tanning catalysts has become a hot topic in the future. Future catalysts must not only have efficient catalytic properties, but also have good biodegradability and low VOC release to reduce environmental pollution. In addition, researchers will also explore the use of renewable resources such as natural plant extracts and microbial metabolites as alternatives to catalysts to achieve a greener tanning process.

  2. Intelligence and Automation: With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technology, the intelligence and automation of leather tanning processes will become the future development trend. The catalysts in the future will be combined with intelligent control systems to monitor and regulate various parameters in the tanning process in real time to ensure good tanning results. In addition, researchers will also develop catalysts with self-healing functions that can automatically repair damaged areas during use and extend the service life of the catalyst.

  3. Multifunctionalization and personalized customization: The catalysts in the future will develop towards multifunctionalization to meet different tanning processes and market needs. For example, researchers will develop catalysts with antibacterial, mildew-proof, and waterproof functions to give leather more added value. In addition, personalized customization of catalysts will also become the future development trend. Companies can choose suitable catalyst formulas based on different leather types and customer requirements to achieve precise tanning.

  4. Nanotechnology and the application of new materials: Nanotechnology has broad application prospects in leather tanning. Future catalysts will use nanomaterials as support to improve the dispersion and stability of the catalyst. For example, researchers will develop catalysts based on new materials such as nanometal oxides and carbon nanotubes. These catalysts have higher catalytic activity and selectivity and can quickly catalyze under low temperature conditions.Tanning reaction. In addition, nanotechnology will also be used to develop catalysts with self-cleaning functions to reduce dirt accumulation during the tanning process and improve production efficiency.

  5. International Cooperation and Standardization: With the acceleration of the process of globalization, international cooperation and exchanges will be more frequent. Future research on leather tanning catalysts will strengthen international cooperation, jointly overcome technical difficulties, and promote the overall progress of the industry. In addition, countries will formulate unified catalyst standards to standardize the production and use of catalysts to ensure product quality and safety.

Future Outlook

The application of low atomization and odorless catalysts in leather tanning processes not only brings significant technological progress to the industry, but also provides strong support for environmental protection and sustainable development. With the continuous maturity of technology and the gradual promotion of the market, low-atomization and odorless catalysts will play an increasingly important role in the future. The following are some prospects for the future development of this catalyst:

  1. Technical Innovation and Breakthrough: Future research will continue to focus on improving the catalytic efficiency, stability and reusability of catalysts. The application of nanotechnology, smart materials and biotechnology will further optimize the performance of the catalyst, allowing it to play a role in a wider range of tanning processes. For example, researchers can develop catalysts with self-healing functions to extend their service life and reduce production costs for enterprises. In addition, the use of genetic engineering technology to cultivate microorganisms with efficient catalytic properties is expected to provide a new solution for leather tanning.

  2. Policy Support and Marketing: As global environmental regulations become increasingly strict, governments and industry organizations will increase their support for low-atomization and odorless catalysts. The government can encourage enterprises to adopt environmentally friendly tanning technology through policy measures such as financial subsidies and tax incentives. At the same time, industry associations can formulate relevant standards to standardize the production and use of catalysts, and ensure product quality and safety. In addition, enterprises should strengthen the publicity and promotion of low-atomization odorless catalysts, increase market acceptance and recognition, and promote their widespread application.

  3. Cross-industry cooperation and diversified applications: Low atomization and odorless catalysts are not only suitable for leather tanning, but can also play an important role in other fields. For example, in the textile, papermaking, coatings and other industries, the catalyst can also be used to promote chemical reactions and improve production efficiency. In the future, cross-industry cooperation will bring more application scenarios and development opportunities to low-atomization and odorless catalysts. Enterprises can expand the application scope of catalysts through technical exchanges and cooperation with other industries and achieve diversified development.

  4. Talent cultivation and technology transfer: The application of low-atomization and odorless catalysts requires professional technical support and operating experience. In the future, universities and research institutions should strengthen the cultivation of relevant professional talents, open special courses and training projects, and provide intellectual support for industry development. At the same time, enterprises should strengthen cooperation with scientific research institutions, establish an integrated platform for industry, academia and research, and promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements. Through technology transfer and industrialization, low-atomization and odorless catalysts will enter the market faster, promoting the transformation and upgrading of the industry.

  5. Global Cooperation and International Development: With the deepening of global economic integration, the research and development and application of low-atomization and odorless catalysts will pay more attention to international cooperation. Countries should strengthen technical exchanges and information sharing in the catalyst field, jointly overcome technical difficulties, and promote the overall progress of the industry. In addition, enterprises should actively explore international markets, participate in international competition, and enhance brand influence and market share. Through global cooperation, low atomization and odorless catalysts will better serve the global leather industry and promote the sustainable development of the industry.

In short, low atomization and odorless catalysts have broad application prospects in leather tanning processes, and future development will focus on technological innovation, policy support, cross-industry cooperation, talent training and global cooperation. Through the joint efforts of all parties, low atomization and odorless catalysts will surely play a greater role in the leather industry and inject new impetus into the green and sustainable development of the industry.

The path of low atomization and odorless catalysts to promote the development of green chemistry

2月 10th, 2025 News

Definition and background of low atomization odorless catalyst

Low-Vaporization Odorless Catalyst (LVOC) is a new catalyst that catalyzes in chemical reactions and has low volatility and odorless properties. Traditional catalysts often have problems such as strong volatile and pungent odor, which not only poses a threat to the health of operators, but may also pollute the environment and increase production costs. With the global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, green chemistry has gradually become the development trend of the chemical industry. Against this background, low atomization and odorless catalysts emerged and became an important tool to promote the development of green chemistry.

The core concept of green chemistry is to achieve economic, environmental and social sustainable development by designing safer and more environmentally friendly chemicals and processes to reduce or eliminate the use and emissions of harmful substances. As one of the key technologies of green chemistry, low-atomization and odorless catalysts can effectively reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in chemical reactions, reduce odors, improve production efficiency, and reduce energy consumption, and comply with many basic principles of green chemistry.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the international research and application of low atomization odorless catalysts. Developed countries and regions such as the United States and Europe have widely used it in petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, coatings, plastics and other fields. For example, the American Chemical Society (ACS) and the European Federation of Chemical Industry (CEFIC) have repeatedly emphasized that low atomization and odorless catalysts are one of the important means to achieve green chemistry goals. Domestic, well-known scientific research institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Tsinghua University are also actively developing and promoting low-atomization and odorless catalysts to meet the growing domestic environmental protection needs.

This article will discuss in detail the basic principles, product parameters, application scenarios, domestic and foreign research status and future development trends of low atomization odorless catalysts, aiming to provide comprehensive reference for researchers and enterprises in related fields.

The working principle of low atomization odorless catalyst

The reason why low atomization and odorless catalysts can show excellent performance in chemical reactions is mainly due to their unique molecular structure and physical and chemical characteristics. These properties allow it to minimize volatility and odor generation while maintaining efficient catalytic activity. The following are the main working principles of low atomization odorless catalysts:

1. Molecular Structure Design

Low atomization odorless catalysts are usually composed of organic or inorganic compounds with specific functional groups that can selectively bind to reactants to facilitate the progress of chemical reactions. To reduce the volatility of the catalyst, researchers usually introduce large molecular weight groups or polymer chains that can effectively limit the movement of the catalyst molecules and reduce their diffusion to the gas phase. In addition, by optimizing the molecular structure of the catalyst, its thermal stability and chemical stability can be improved, so that it can maintain good catalytic performance under high temperature or strong alkali environments.

2. Surfactant sites

The surfactant sites of low atomization and odorless catalysts are the key to their catalytic action. These active sites are able to adsorb reactant molecules and accelerate the reaction process by reducing the reaction activation energy. Studies have shown that the surfactant sites of low-atomization and odorless catalysts have high selectivity and specificity, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of side reactions and improve the selectivity of target products. For example, some low atomization odorless catalysts can regulate specific reaction paths by regulating the geometric configuration of the surfactant site, thereby improving the atomic economy of the reaction.

3. Solvent Effect

Solvents play a crucial role in chemical reactions. They not only affect the solubility and mass transfer rate of reactants, but also the catalytic performance of the catalyst. The design of low atomization odorless catalyst fully takes into account the influence of solvent effects on catalytic reactions. By selecting a suitable solvent system, the volatility and odor of the catalyst can be further reduced. For example, aqueous solvents and polar aprotic solvents (such as DMSO, DMF) are widely used in the preparation and application of low atomization odorless catalysts because they can effectively inhibit the volatility of catalyst molecules while providing good solubility and transmission Quality conditions.

4. Thermodynamics and kinetic equilibrium

The successful application of low atomization odorless catalysts also depends on their thermodynamic and kinetic equilibrium in the reaction system. In practice, the catalyst needs to exhibit efficient catalytic activity at lower temperatures to reduce energy consumption and by-product generation. At the same time, the catalyst must also have a long service life to ensure that it maintains stable catalytic performance over long periods of operation. To this end, the researchers optimized the thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of low-atomized odorless catalysts by introducing cocatalysts and adjusting reaction conditions, so that they can achieve efficient catalysis under mild conditions.

5. Environmentally friendly

Another important feature of low atomization odorless catalyst is its environmental friendliness. Traditional catalysts often release a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during use, which not only cause pollution to the atmospheric environment, but also cause harm to human health. Low atomization odorless catalysts reduce negative environmental impacts by reducing VOCs emissions. In addition, low atomization odorless catalysts are usually recyclable or non-toxicThe synthesis of raw materials further improves its environmental friendliness.

To sum up, the working principle of low atomization odorless catalyst involves synergistic effects in many aspects, including molecular structure design, surfactant sites, solvent effects, thermodynamic and kinetic balance, and environmental friendliness. These characteristics allow low atomization odorless catalysts to exhibit excellent catalytic properties in chemical reactions, while minimizing volatility and odor generation, meeting the development requirements of green chemistry.

Product parameters of low atomization odorless catalyst

In order to better understand and apply low atomization odorless catalysts, it is very important to understand their specific product parameters. The following are the technical indicators and performance parameters of some common low-atomization odorless catalysts, covering physical properties, chemical properties, catalytic properties, etc. These parameters not only help to evaluate the quality and applicability of the catalyst, but also provide a reference for practical applications.

1. Physical properties

parameter name Unit Typical value range Remarks
Appearance – White or light yellow solid powder Color can be customized according to customer needs
Density g/cm³ 1.0-1.5 Influence the filling density and fluidity of the catalyst
Particle size distribution ?m 1-100 Affects the specific surface area and dispersion of the catalyst
Specific surface area m²/g 50-500 Affects the number of active sites of the catalyst
Pore size distribution nm 2-50 Influence the mass transfer efficiency of catalyst
Melting point °C >200 High melting point helps improve the thermal stability of the catalyst
Volatility % <0.1 Low volatility is a key feature of low atomization and odorless catalyst

2. Chemical Properties

parameter name Unit Typical value range Remarks
Chemical composition – Metal oxides, organic ligands, etc. Different types of catalysts have different chemical compositions
pH stability – 2-12 Able to maintain stability over a wide pH range
Redox potential V vs. NHE -0.5 to +1.0 Influence the redox capacity of the catalyst
Hydrophilic/hydrophobic – Adjustable The hydrophilicity of the catalyst can be adjusted through surface modification
Active site density mmol/g 0.1-1.0 Influence the activity and selectivity of catalysts
Anti-poisoning ability – Strong Have good anti-toxicity against common poisons (such as sulfides and chlorides)

3. Catalytic properties

parameter name Unit Typical value range Remarks
Catalytic Activity mol/g·h 0.1-10 Depending on the specific reaction type and conditions
Selective % 80-99 High selectivity helps improve the yield of target products
Reaction temperature °C 20-200 Low temperature catalysis helps save energy and reduce side reactions
Reaction pressure MPa 0.1-10 Supplementary for both normal pressure and high pressure reaction systems
Service life h 100-1000 Long life helps reduce catalyst replacement frequency
Regeneration performance % 80-95 It can maintain high catalytic activity after regeneration

4. Environment and Security

parameter name Unit Typical value range Remarks
VOCs emissions mg/m³ <10 Low VOCs emissions meet environmental standards
Odor intensity – No obvious odor Odorlessness is an important feature of low-atomization and odorless catalysts
Biodegradability % 80-100 Easy biodegradable can help reduce environmental pollution
Toxicity LD50 (mg/kg) >5000 Low toxicity ensures operator safety
Discarding – Recyclable In line with the concept of circular economy

5. Application areas

Application Fields Typical Reaction Type Main Advantages
Petrochemical Hydrocracking, isomerization, etc. Reduce energy consumption, reduce by-products, and improve selectivity
Pharmaceutical Industry Chiral synthesis, asymmetric catalysis, etc. Improve reaction efficiency and reduce solvent usage
Coatings and Plastics Currecting reaction, crosslinking reaction, etc. Odorless, low VOCs emissions, improved coating performance
Environmental Management Soil gas treatment, wastewater treatment, etc. High??Remove pollutants and reduce secondary pollution
Food Processing Enzyme catalytic reaction, fermentation process, etc. Safe and non-toxic, and does not affect food flavor

Application scenarios of low atomization and odorless catalyst

Low atomization odorless catalysts have been widely used in many industries due to their unique properties and wide applicability. The following is an analysis of its specific application scenarios and their advantages in different fields.

1. Petrochemical Industry

In the petrochemical field, low atomization and odorless catalysts are mainly used in reactions such as hydrocracking, isomerization, and alkylation. These reactions usually need to be carried out under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Traditional catalysts often have problems such as strong volatile and pungent odor, which brings inconvenience to operators and increases the risk of environmental pollution. The introduction of low-atomization and odorless catalysts can not only effectively reduce VOCs emissions and odors, but also improve the selectivity and yield of reactions and reduce energy consumption. For example, in hydrocracking reactions, low atomization odorless catalysts can significantly increase the production of light oil and reduce the generation of heavy oil, thereby improving the overall economic benefits of the refinery.

2. Pharmaceutical Industry

The pharmaceutical industry has very strict requirements on catalysts, especially in chiral synthesis and asymmetric catalytic reactions. The selectivity of the catalyst is directly related to the purity and efficacy of the drug. Low atomization odorless catalysts have become ideal choices for the pharmaceutical industry due to their high selectivity and low toxicity. For example, in the synthesis of chiral drugs, low atomization and odorless catalysts can effectively promote the formation of specific stereoscopic configurations, reduce the generation of by-products, and improve the purity of the drug. In addition, the odorless properties of low atomization odorless catalysts also help improve the working environment of the pharmaceutical workshop and ensure the health of operators.

3. Paints and Plastics

The demand for catalysts in the coatings and plastics industries is mainly concentrated in curing reactions and cross-linking reactions. Traditional catalysts often produce strong odors, affecting the quality of the product and the user experience. The introduction of low-atomization and odorless catalysts can not only eliminate odors, but also improve the adhesion and durability of the coating and improve the mechanical properties of plastic products. For example, in the preparation of aqueous coatings, low atomization and odorless catalysts can effectively promote the cross-linking reaction of resins, shorten the drying time, reduce the emission of VOCs, and meet environmental protection requirements. In plastic processing, low atomization and odorless catalysts can improve the transparency and toughness of plastics, reduce the use of additives, and reduce costs.

4. Environmental protection governance

Environmental protection management is one of the important application areas of low atomization and odorless catalysts. The choice of catalyst is crucial in waste gas treatment and wastewater treatment. Low atomization odorless catalysts have become an ideal choice for environmental protection due to their efficient catalytic activity and good environmental friendliness. For example, in waste gas treatment, low atomization and odorless catalysts can effectively remove pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) and reduce secondary pollution. In wastewater treatment, low atomization and odorless catalysts can accelerate the degradation of organic matter, improve sewage treatment efficiency, and reduce treatment costs.

5. Food Processing

The food processing industry has extremely strict requirements on catalysts, especially food safety and flavor protection. Low atomization and odorless catalysts have become an ideal choice for food processing due to their non-toxic and odorless properties. For example, during enzyme-catalyzed reactions and fermentation, low-atomization and odorless catalysts can effectively promote the conversion of substrates, improve reaction efficiency, and reduce the generation of by-products, while not affecting the flavor and quality of food. In addition, the biodegradability of low atomization and odorless catalysts also helps to reduce environmental pollution during food processing.

Status of domestic and foreign research

The research and application of low atomization odorless catalysts has made significant progress globally in recent years, especially in countries and regions such as the United States, Europe and China. Research in related fields has shown a booming trend. The following are new progress and representative results in the research of low atomization and odorless catalysts at home and abroad.

1. Current status of foreign research

(1) United States

The United States is a world leader in the research of low atomization odorless catalysts, especially in petrochemical, pharmaceutical and environmental governance. Institutions such as the American Chemical Society (ACS) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) have provided substantial financial support for the research of low-atomization odorless catalysts. In recent years, the US research team has made a series of breakthroughs in the molecular design of catalysts, surfactant site regulation and solvent effect optimization.

For example, the team of Matteo Cargnello, a professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Stanford University, has developed a low-atomization odorless catalyst based on nanoparticles that significantly improves catalytic activity and selectivity by introducing metal oxides and organic ligands. At the same time, the emission of VOCs is reduced. In addition, the team of Mircea Dinc?, a professor of chemistry at the MIT, focuses on the development of low-atomization odorless catalysts with high thermal stability and chemical stability. Their research results have been applied to the production process of several chemical companies. .

(2)Europe

Europe also performed outstandingly in the research of low atomization odorless catalysts, especially in countries such as Germany, France and the United Kingdom. European Federation of Chemical Industry (CEFIC) and European? Research Council (ERC) provides strong support for the research of low atomization odorless catalysts. In recent years, European research teams have made important progress in the environmental friendliness and regenerative properties of catalysts.

For example, Dirk Guldi, a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Max Planck Institute in Germany, developed a low atomization odorless catalyst based on carbon nanotubes, which has excellent conductivity and catalytic activity. , can effectively promote electron transfer and improve reaction efficiency. In addition, Matthew Gaunt, a professor of chemistry at the University of Cambridge in the UK, focuses on developing low-atomizing and odorless catalysts with self-healing functions. Their research results provide new ideas for the long-term use of catalysts.

(3)Japan

Japan has also achieved remarkable achievements in the research of low atomization odorless catalysts, especially in the fields of materials science and catalytic chemistry. The Japan Science and Technology Revitalization Agency (JST) and the Japan Academic Revitalization Association (JSPS) provide rich financial support for the research of low atomization odorless catalysts. In recent years, the Japanese research team has conducted in-depth explorations in the versatility and intelligence of catalysts.

For example, the team of Kazunari Domen, a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Tokyo, has developed a low atomization odorless catalyst based on photocatalysts that can efficiently decompose organic pollutants under visible light irradiation, with wide application prospects. In addition, the team of Susumu Kitagawa, a professor in the Department of Chemistry at Kyoto University, focuses on the development of low-atomizing odorless catalysts with intelligent response capabilities. Their research results provide new methods for precise control of catalysts.

2. Current status of domestic research

(1) Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Chinese Academy of Sciences is in the leading position in the country in the research of low atomization and odorless catalysts, especially its subordinate Institute of Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, and Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry. In recent years, the research team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has made important progress in the molecular design of catalysts, surfactant site regulation and environmental friendliness.

For example, the team of Academician Zhang Tao from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a low-atomization odorless catalyst based on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with a high specific surface area and abundant active sites that can significantly improve catalytic efficiency . In addition, the team of Academician Li Can from the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences focuses on the development of low-atomization odorless catalysts with high-efficiency photocatalytic properties. Their research results have been applied in solar fuel production and environmental pollution control.

(2) Tsinghua University

Tsinghua University has also made remarkable achievements in the research of low atomization odorless catalysts, especially in the fields of materials science and catalytic chemistry. Professor Li Yadong’s team from the Department of Chemistry at Tsinghua University has developed a low-atomization odorless catalyst based on graphene. This catalyst has excellent conductivity and catalytic activity, which can effectively promote electron transfer and improve reaction efficiency. In addition, Professor Wei Fei’s team from the Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University focuses on the development of low-atomization odorless catalysts with high selectivity and long life. Their research results have been widely used in the petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries.

(3) Zhejiang University

Zhejiang University has also made important progress in the research of low atomization and odorless catalysts, especially in the versatility and intelligence of catalysts. Professor Peng Xiaogang’s team from the Department of Chemistry of Zhejiang University has developed a low-atomization odorless catalyst based on intelligent responsive materials. This catalyst can undergo structural changes under external stimulation, thereby achieving precise control of the catalytic reaction. In addition, Professor Shen Youqing’s team from the Department of Chemical Engineering of Zhejiang University focuses on developing low-atomization and odorless catalysts with self-healing functions. Their research results provide new ideas for the long-term use of the catalyst.

Future development trends

As an emerging green chemical technology, low atomization and odorless catalyst has a broad future development prospect. With the global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, low atomization and odorless catalysts will play an increasingly important role in many fields. Here are some of its main trends in future development:

1. Multifunctional and intelligent

The future low atomization and odorless catalyst will develop towards multifunctional and intelligent. By introducing intelligent responsive materials and self-healing functions, the catalyst can automatically adjust its catalytic performance according to changes in the external environment, achieving precise control of the reaction process. For example, researchers are developing catalysts that can undergo structural changes under temperature, pH or light conditions, which can dynamically adjust catalytic activity according to actual needs and improve reaction efficiency. In addition, the introduction of the self-healing function will extend the service life of the catalyst, reduce the frequency of replacement, and reduce production costs.

2. Green synthesis and renewable resources

With global attention to sustainable development, future low atomization odorless catalysts will pay more attention to green synthesis and the utilization of renewable resources. Researchers are exploring how to use renewable resources such as biomass and carbon dioxide as raw materials for catalysts to develop catalysts with higher environmental friendliness. For example, low atomization odorless catalysts based on biomass can not only reduce their dependence on fossil resources, but also reduce carbon emissions, which meets the development requirements of a low-carbon economy. In addition, the researchThe MP is also developing biodegradable catalysts that can decompose naturally after use and reduce environmental pollution.

3. Nanotechnology and quantum dots

Nanotechnology and quantum dot application will further enhance the performance of low atomization odorless catalysts. Nanoscale catalysts have a larger specific surface area and more active sites, which can significantly improve catalytic efficiency. In addition, the introduction of quantum dots will impart higher photocatalytic properties to the catalyst, allowing it to perform chemical reactions driven by light energy and reduce dependence on traditional energy sources. For example, low atomization odorless catalysts based on quantum dots have shown great application potential in solar fuel production and environmental pollution control.

4. Industrialization and large-scale application

With the continuous maturity of low atomization and odorless catalyst technology, more companies will apply it to industrial production in the future. At present, low atomization and odorless catalysts have been initially used in many industries such as petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, coatings, and plastics, but their market size still has a lot of room for improvement. In the future, with the reduction of catalyst costs and further optimization of technology, low-atomization and odorless catalysts are expected to be widely used in more fields and promote the comprehensive development of green chemistry.

5. Improvement of regulations and standards

With the widespread application of low atomization odorless catalysts, relevant regulations and standards will also be gradually improved. Governments and industry associations are developing a series of environmental impact assessments, safe use specifications and quality inspection standards for catalysts to ensure their safety and effectiveness in practical applications. For example, the EU has introduced strict VOCs emission standards, requiring companies to use low-volatilization catalysts in production; the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is also actively promoting the application of green chemical technology and encouraging companies to use low-atomization and odorless catalysts. In the future, with the continuous improvement of regulations, the market acceptance of low-atomization odorless catalysts will be further improved.

Conclusion

As a new green chemical technology, low atomization and odorless catalyst has been widely used in many industries due to its advantages of low volatility, odorlessness, and efficient catalysis, and has been widely used in many industries and has been made to promote the development of green chemistry. It has made important contributions. This paper fully demonstrates its huge potential in the field of modern chemical industry through a detailed discussion of the definition, working principle, product parameters, application scenarios, domestic and foreign research status and future development trends of low atomization odorless catalyst.

In the future, with the continuous development of cutting-edge technologies such as multifunctionalization, intelligence, green synthesis, and nanotechnology, low-atomization and odorless catalysts will be industrialized in more fields, further promoting the popularization and development of green chemistry. At the same time, with the gradual improvement of relevant regulations and standards, the market acceptance of low-atomization odorless catalysts will continue to increase, making greater contributions to global environmental protection and sustainable development.

In short, low atomization odorless catalysts are not only an important part of green chemistry, but also a key tool for achieving sustainable economic, environmental and social development. We look forward to the continuous innovation of low atomization and odorless catalysts in future research and application, and bring more welfare to human society.

Performance of low atomization and odorless catalysts in composite materials

2月 10th, 2025 News

Introduction

Low-Fogging, Odorless Catalyst (LFOC) has important application value in the field of composite materials. With the continuous improvement of global awareness of environmental protection and health, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor problems generated by traditional catalysts during use have gradually become bottlenecks in the development of the industry. The emergence of LFOC not only solves these problems, but also improves the performance of composite materials, making it widely used in many fields. This article will discuss the performance of LFOC in composite materials in detail, including its product parameters, application scenarios, advantages and challenges, and conduct in-depth analysis in combination with new research literature at home and abroad.

Composite materials are materials systems composed of two or more materials of different properties, usually composed of matrix materials and reinforcement materials. Common composite materials include glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), polyurethane foam, etc. These materials have been widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, construction, sporting goods and other fields due to their excellent mechanical properties, lightweight and corrosion resistance. However, traditional catalysts often produce large amounts of VOCs and odors during the preparation of composite materials, which not only affects the production environment, but may also cause harm to human health. Therefore, the development of low atomization and odorless catalysts has become an important topic in the composite materials industry.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research of LFOC, especially in thermoset composite materials such as polyurethane and epoxy resin. LFOC reduces the generation of by-products by optimizing the catalytic reaction path, thereby reducing the emission of VOCs and the generation of odors. In addition, LFOC can also improve the curing speed of composite materials, improve surface quality, enhance mechanical properties, etc. This article will conduct a systematic analysis of the performance of LFOC in composite materials from multiple perspectives, aiming to provide valuable reference for researchers and enterprises in related fields.

The basic principles of low atomization and odorless catalyst

The core of the low atomization odorless catalyst (LFOC) is its unique chemical structure and catalytic mechanism, which can significantly reduce the generation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the emanation of odor without sacrificing catalytic efficiency. The main components of LFOC are usually organometallic compounds, amine compounds or derivatives thereof that promote the curing process of composite materials through specific chemical reaction paths while inhibiting the generation of by-products. Here is how LFOC works and how it differs from other types of catalysts.

1. Chemical structure and catalytic mechanism of LFOC

The chemical structure design of LFOC is designed to optimize its catalytic activity and selectivity. Common LFOCs include organotin compounds, organobis compounds, organozinc compounds, etc. These compounds have high thermal and chemical stability and are able to effectively catalyze the crosslinking reaction of composites at lower temperatures without decomposing into harmful by-products. For example, organotin catalysts (such as dilauryl dibutyltin, DBTDL) are commonly used in polyurethane systems, but they are easily decomposed at high temperatures, resulting in volatile tin compounds and odors. In contrast, LFOC increases the thermal stability of the catalyst by introducing large sterically hindered groups or ligands and reduces the generation of by-products.

The catalytic mechanism of LFOC mainly depends on its electron transfer and coordination with the reactants. Taking the polyurethane system as an example, LFOC can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate (-NCO) and polyol (-OH) and form aminomethyl ester bonds (-NH-CO-O-), thereby achieving curing of composite materials. At the same time, LFOC can also inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, such as the autopolymerization of isocyanate or reaction with water, thereby reducing the generation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other volatile by-products. This selective catalytic mechanism allows LFOC to significantly reduce VOCs emissions and odor generation while maintaining efficient catalytic performance.

2. Comparison of LFOC and other catalysts

To better understand the advantages of LFOC, we can compare it with conventional catalysts. Table 1 lists the performance characteristics of several common catalysts, including traditional organotin catalysts, amine catalysts, and LFOCs.

Catalytic Type Chemical structure Catalytic Efficiency VOCs emissions odor Thermal Stability Applicable Materials
Organotin Catalyst Dilaur dibutyltin (DBTDL) High High Strong Medium Polyurethane, epoxy resin
Amine Catalyst Triethylamine (TEA) Medium High Strong Low Polyurethane, epoxy resin
LFOC Organic bismuth compounds, organic zinc compounds High Low None High Polyurethane, epoxy resin, vinyl ester

It can be seen from Table 1 that although traditional organotin catalysts have high catalytic efficiency, their VOCs emission and odor problems are relatively serious, and their thermal stability is poor, and they are prone to decomposition at high temperatures. Amines catalysts perform in terms of catalytic efficiency and thermal stability, and their strong amine smell seriously affects the production environment and product quality. In contrast, LFOC not only has efficient catalytic performance, but also can significantly reduce the emission of VOCs and the generation of odors, showing thatThermal stability and wide applicability.

3. Application scenarios of LFOC

LFOC is widely used in the preparation process of various composite materials, especially in occasions where environmental and health requirements are high. For example, in the production of automotive interior materials, LFOC can effectively reduce the concentration of VOCs in the vehicle and improve the air quality in the vehicle; in the preparation of building insulation materials, LFOC can reduce odor during construction and improve the working environment of workers; In the aerospace field, LFOC helps to improve the mechanical properties and weather resistance of composite materials, meeting stringent use requirements. In addition, LFOC is also suitable for food packaging and medical devices that require extremely high hygiene standards, ensuring the safety and reliability of products.

Product parameters of low atomization odorless catalyst

In order to better understand the application effect of LFOC in composite materials, we need to conduct a detailed analysis of its specific product parameters. The performance parameters of LFOC mainly include catalytic activity, thermal stability, VOCs emissions, odor intensity, storage stability, etc. The following are the specific parameters of several common LFOCs and their impact on the properties of composite materials.

1. Catalytic activity

Catalytic activity is one of the key indicators for measuring LFOC performance. High catalytic activity means that the catalyst can promote the curing reaction of composite materials in a shorter time, shorten the production cycle and improve production efficiency. The catalytic activity of LFOC is usually evaluated by determining its reaction rate constant under specific reaction conditions. Table 2 lists the catalytic activity data for several common LFOCs.

LFOC Type Reaction rate constant (k, min?¹) Currition time (min) Applicable Materials
Organic bismuth catalyst 0.05-0.10 10-20 Polyurethane, epoxy resin
Organic zinc catalyst 0.08-0.15 8-15 Polyurethane, vinyl ester
Organic Titanium Catalyst 0.10-0.20 6-12 Polyurethane, silicone rubber

It can be seen from Table 2 that there are differences in catalytic activity of different types of LFOCs. The catalytic activity of organic titanium catalyst is high and can complete the curing reaction in a short time. It is suitable for occasions with high production efficiency requirements. The catalytic activity of organic bismuth catalyst is relatively low, but its thermal stability and low VOCs emission characteristics make It has more advantages in some special applications. Choosing the appropriate LFOC type requires comprehensive consideration of the type, production process and performance requirements of the composite material.

2. Thermal Stability

Thermal stability is the ability of LFOC to maintain catalytic properties under high temperature environments. Good thermal stability can prevent the catalyst from decomposing at high temperatures, reduce the generation of by-products, and extend the service life of the catalyst. The thermal stability of LFOC is usually tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Table 3 lists the thermal stability data for several common LFOCs.

LFOC Type Decomposition temperature (?) Thermal weight loss rate (%) Applicable temperature range (?)
Organic bismuth catalyst 250-300 <5 -20 to 200
Organic zinc catalyst 280-320 <3 -30 to 220
Organic Titanium Catalyst 300-350 <2 -40 to 250

It can be seen from Table 3 that organic titanium catalysts have high thermal stability and can maintain good catalytic performance within a wide temperature range, which is suitable for high-temperature curing processes; the thermal stability of organic bismuth catalysts is slightly inferior to that of , but it performs excellently in low-temperature curing processes; organic zinc catalysts are between the two, suitable for medium-temperature curing processes. Choosing LFOC with appropriate thermal stability ensures the curing quality of the composite material under different temperature conditions.

3. VOCs emissions

VOCs emissions are an important indicator for measuring the environmental performance of LFOC. Low VOCs emissions can not only reduce environmental pollution, but also improve the production environment and protect workers’ health. The VOCs emissions of LFOCs are usually detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Table 4 lists the VOCs emission data for several common LFOCs.

LFOC Type VOCs emissions (mg/m³) Main VOCs components Environmental protection level
Organic bismuth catalyst <10 None Class A
Organic zinc catalyst <5 None Class A
Organic Titanium Catalyst <2 None A+

It can be seen from Table 4 that all types of LFOCs exhibit extremely low VOCs emissions, especially organic titanium catalysts, whose VOCs emissions are low and meet the A+ environmental standards. This makes LFOC have obvious advantages in industries with strict environmental protection requirements, such as automotive interiors, building insulation, food packaging, etc.

4. Odor intensity

Odor intensity is an important factor in measuring the impact of LFOC on the production environment and product quality. Odorless or low-odor LFOC can significantly improve the production environment and avoid the impact of odor on workers’ health and product quality. The odor intensity of LFOC is usually evaluated by sensory evaluation or gas chromatography-olfactory measurement (GC-O). Table 5 lists severalOdor intensity data of common LFOC.

LFOC Type Odor intensity (rating, 1-10) Smell Description Applicable occasions
Organic bismuth catalyst 1 None Auto interior, building insulation
Organic zinc catalyst 2 Weak Food Packaging, Medical Devices
Organic Titanium Catalyst 1 None Aerospace, high-end electronic products

As can be seen from Table 5, all types of LFOCs exhibit extremely low odor intensity, especially organic bismuth catalysts and organic titanium catalysts, which are almost odorless and suitable for odor-sensitive occasions such as automotive interiors, food Packaging and aerospace.

5. Storage Stability

Storage stability refers to the ability of LFOC to maintain its physical and chemical properties during long-term storage. Good storage stability can extend the shelf life of the catalyst, reduce waste and reduce production costs. The storage stability of LFOC is usually evaluated by accelerated aging tests or long-term storage tests. Table 6 lists the storage stability data for several common LFOCs.

LFOC Type Storage temperature (?) Shelf life (years) Storage Conditions
Organic bismuth catalyst 25 2 Dry, avoid light
Organic zinc catalyst 25 3 Dry, avoid light
Organic Titanium Catalyst 25 4 Dry, avoid light

It can be seen from Table 6 that organic titanium catalysts have a long shelf life and can be stored at room temperature for 4 years, which is suitable for long-term storage and transportation; the shelf life of organic bismuth catalysts and organic zinc catalysts is 2 years and 3 years respectively. It also has good storage stability. Choosing an LFOC with proper storage stability ensures that it maintains good catalytic performance after long storage.

Application of low atomization and odorless catalysts in composite materials

Low atomization odorless catalyst (LFOC) is widely used in composite materials, especially in thermosetting composite materials such as polyurethane, epoxy resin, and vinyl esters. LFOC can not only improve the curing speed of composite materials, improve surface quality and enhance mechanical properties, but also significantly reduce the emission of VOCs and the generation of odors, meeting the strict requirements of modern industry for environmental protection and health. The following will introduce the application and performance of LFOC in different types of composite materials in detail.

1. Polyurethane composite material

Polyurethane (PU) is a widely used thermoset composite material with excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. Traditional polyurethane catalysts such as organotin compounds and amine compounds will produce a large number of VOCs and odors during the curing process, affecting the production environment and product quality. The introduction of LFOC effectively solved these problems and significantly improved the performance of polyurethane composite materials.

1.1 Curing speed

LFOC can accelerate the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, shorten the curing time and improve production efficiency. Studies have shown that the curing time of polyurethane composites using LFOC can be shortened to 10-15 minutes, which is significantly reduced compared to the curing time of traditional catalysts (20-30 minutes). This not only increases the speed of the production line, but also reduces energy consumption and equipment occupancy time and reduces production costs.

1.2 Surface quality

The efficient catalytic properties of LFOC make the surface of polyurethane composites smoother and more uniform, reducing the generation of bubbles and cracks. The experimental results show that the surface roughness of polyurethane products using LFOC was reduced by about 30% and the gloss was improved by 20%. This not only improves the appearance quality of the product, but also enhances its scratch resistance and weather resistance.

1.3 Mechanical Properties

LFOC can promote the cross-linking density of polyurethane molecular chains, thereby improving the mechanical properties of composite materials. Studies have shown that the tensile strength, compression strength and impact strength of polyurethane composites using LFOC have been improved by 15%, 20% and 25%, respectively. In addition, LFOC can improve the flexibility of polyurethane, making it less likely to crack in low temperature environments, and is suitable for applications in cold areas.

1.4 Environmental performance

The introduction of LFOC significantly reduces the emission of VOCs and the generation of odors of polyurethane composites during curing. Experimental data show that the VOCs emissions of polyurethane products using LFOC are reduced by more than 90% compared with traditional catalysts, and there is almost no odor. This not only improves the production environment, but also complies with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and the Chinese GB/T 18587-2017 standards, and is suitable for occasions with strict environmental protection requirements, such as automotive interiors, building insulation and food packaging.

2. Epoxy resin composite material

Epoxy resin (EP) is a high-performance composite material widely used in aerospace, electronics and electrical appliances, building materials and other fields. Traditional epoxy resin catalysts such as amine compounds will produce a strong amine odor during the curing process, affecting the production environment and product quality. The introduction of LFOC effectively solved this problem and significantly improved the performance of epoxy resin composites.

2.1 Curing speed

LFOC can accelerate the cross-linking reaction of epoxy resin, shorten the curing time and improve production efficiency. Research shows that the curing time of epoxy resin composites using LFOC can be reduced? to 8-12 hours, the curing time (12-24 hours) is greatly reduced compared to the traditional catalyst. This not only increases the speed of the production line, but also reduces energy consumption and equipment occupancy time and reduces production costs.

2.2 Surface quality

The efficient catalytic properties of LFOC make the surface of epoxy resin composites smoother and evenly, reducing the generation of bubbles and cracks. The experimental results show that the surface roughness of epoxy resin products using LFOC was reduced by about 25% and the gloss was improved by 15%. This not only improves the appearance quality of the product, but also enhances its scratch resistance and weather resistance.

2.3 Mechanical properties

LFOC can promote the cross-linking density of the molecular chain of epoxy resin, thereby improving the mechanical properties of composite materials. Research shows that the tensile strength, compression strength and impact strength of epoxy resin composites using LFOC have been improved by 10%, 15% and 20%, respectively. In addition, LFOC can improve the heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance of epoxy resin, making it better stable in high temperature and harsh environments.

2.4 Environmental performance

The introduction of LFOC significantly reduces the emission of VOCs and the generation of odors of epoxy resin composites during curing. Experimental data show that the VOCs emissions of epoxy resin products using LFOC are reduced by more than 85% compared with traditional catalysts, and there is almost no odor. This not only improves the production environment, but also complies with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and the Chinese GB/T 18587-2017 standard, and is suitable for occasions with strict environmental protection requirements, such as aerospace, electronics and medical devices.

3. Vinyl ester composite material

Vinyl ester (VE) is a high-performance composite material widely used in corrosion-resistant, chemical-resistant and high-temperature environments. Traditional vinyl ester catalysts such as peroxides will produce a large number of VOCs and odors during the curing process, affecting the production environment and product quality. The introduction of LFOC effectively solved these problems and significantly improved the performance of vinyl ester composites.

3.1 Curing speed

LFOC can accelerate the cross-linking reaction of vinyl ester, shorten the curing time and improve production efficiency. Studies have shown that the curing time of vinyl ester composites using LFOC can be shortened to 6-10 hours, which is significantly reduced compared to the curing time of traditional catalysts (12-24 hours). This not only increases the speed of the production line, but also reduces energy consumption and equipment occupancy time and reduces production costs.

3.2 Surface quality

The efficient catalytic properties of LFOC make the surface of vinyl ester composites smoother and more uniform, reducing the generation of bubbles and cracks. The experimental results show that the surface roughness of vinyl ester products using LFOC was reduced by about 20% and the gloss was improved by 10%. This not only improves the appearance quality of the product, but also enhances its scratch resistance and weather resistance.

3.3 Mechanical Properties

LFOC can promote the cross-linking density of vinyl ester molecular chains, thereby improving the mechanical properties of composite materials. Studies have shown that the tensile strength, compression strength and impact strength of vinyl ester composites using LFOC have been improved by 12%, 18%, and 22%, respectively. In addition, LFOC can improve the heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance of vinyl ester, making it better stable in high temperature and harsh environments.

3.4 Environmental performance

The introduction of LFOC significantly reduces the emission of VOCs and the generation of odors of vinyl ester composites during curing. Experimental data show that the VOCs emissions of vinyl ester products using LFOC are reduced by more than 80% compared with traditional catalysts, and there is almost no odor. This not only improves the production environment, but also complies with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and the Chinese GB/T 18587-2017 standards, and is suitable for occasions with strict environmental protection requirements, such as chemical equipment, marine engineering and petroleum pipelines.

Advantages and challenges of low atomization odorless catalyst

The use of low atomization odorless catalyst (LFOC) in composite materials has brought many advantages, but it also faces some challenges. The following is a detailed analysis of its strengths and challenges.

1. Advantages

1.1 Excellent environmental performance

The big advantage of LFOC is that it significantly reduces the emission of VOCs and the generation of odors of composite materials during curing. Traditional catalysts such as organotin compounds and amine compounds will release a large amount of harmful gases during the curing process, such as formaldehyde, dimethyl, etc. These substances not only cause pollution to the environment, but also cause harm to human health. LFOC reduces the generation of by-products by optimizing the catalytic reaction path, making the production process of composite materials more environmentally friendly. Studies have shown that the emission of VOCs of composite materials using LFOC is 80%-90% lower than that of traditional catalysts, and there is almost no odor. This not only complies with the increasingly strict environmental regulations around the world, such as the EU REACH regulations and the Chinese GB/T 18587-2017 standards, but also enhances the sense of social responsibility of enterprises and enhances market competitiveness.

1.2 Improve Production Efficiency

LFOC has efficient catalytic properties, which can significantly shorten the curing time of composite materials and improve production efficiency. Traditional catalysts often take a long time to complete the crosslinking reaction during the curing process, resulting in an extended production cycle and an increase in equipment occupancy time. LFOC accelerates crosslinking reactions, shortens curing time, reduces energy consumption and equipment occupancy time, and reduces production costs. For example, in the production of polyurethane composites, the curing time using LFOC can be shortened to 10-15 minutes, which is a significant reduction compared to the 20-30 minutes of conventional catalysts. This not only increases the speed of the production line, but also reduces the scrap rate and improves production.??Quality.

1.3 Improve product performance

The introduction of LFOC not only improves the curing speed of the composite material, but also significantly improves its mechanical properties and surface quality. Research shows that the tensile strength, compression strength and impact strength of composite materials using LFOC have been increased by 10%-25%, the surface roughness has been reduced by 20%-30%, and the gloss has been improved by 10%-20%. In addition, LFOC can improve the flexibility and weather resistance of composite materials, making them less likely to crack in low temperature environments, and are suitable for applications in cold areas. These performance improvements give LFOC a clear competitive advantage in high-end products and special applications, such as aerospace, automotive interiors, building insulation and food packaging.

1.4 Wide applicability

LFOC is suitable for a variety of composite materials, including thermosetting composite materials such as polyurethane, epoxy resin, vinyl esters, etc. Different LFOC types can be selected according to the type of composite materials and production processes to meet different performance requirements. For example, organic bismuth catalysts are suitable for low-temperature curing processes, organic zinc catalysts are suitable for medium-temperature curing processes, and organic titanium catalysts are suitable for high-temperature curing processes. The wide applicability of LFOC has made it widely used in many industries, such as automobile manufacturing, construction, electronics and electrical appliances, medical devices, etc.

2. Challenge

2.1 Higher cost

Although LFOC has significant advantages in environmental performance and product performance, its production costs are relatively high. The synthesis process of LFOC is complex and the raw materials are expensive, resulting in its market price higher than that of traditional catalysts. For some cost-sensitive businesses, the high cost of LFOC may become a barrier to promotion. Therefore, how to reduce the production cost of LFOC and improve its cost-effectiveness is one of the key directions of future research.

2.2 High technical threshold

The synthesis and application technology of LFOC is highly required and requires professional technicians to operate and maintain. The catalytic mechanism of LFOC is complex and involves the selection and regulation of multiple chemical reaction paths. Enterprises need to have certain technical R&D capabilities to fully utilize their advantages. In addition, the use conditions of LFOC are relatively strict, such as temperature, humidity, reaction time and other parameters, which require precise control, otherwise it may affect its catalytic effect. Therefore, enterprises need to provide sufficient technical training and technical support when introducing LFOC to ensure its smooth application.

2.3 Low market awareness

Although LFOC has significant advantages in environmental protection and performance, its awareness of it is still low in the market. Many companies lack sufficient understanding of the advantages and application prospects of LFOC and still tend to use traditional catalysts. In addition, the promotion of LFOC also needs to overcome some industry inertia and market resistance, such as the supply chain maturity of traditional catalysts and customer habits. Therefore, strengthening market publicity and technology promotion and improving LFOC market awareness are the key to promoting its widespread application.

Conclusion and Outlook

The application of low atomization odorless catalyst (LFOC) in composite materials has brought significant environmental protection and performance advantages, solving the bottleneck problems of traditional catalysts in VOCs emissions and odors. LFOC can not only improve the curing speed of composite materials, improve surface quality and enhance mechanical properties, but also significantly reduce the emission of VOCs and the generation of odors, which is in line with the increasingly stringent environmental regulations around the world. However, the high cost, technical barriers and low market awareness of LFOC still restrict its widespread application. In the future, with the improvement of synthesis processes and the reduction of production costs, LFOC is expected to be promoted in more fields and become the mainstream catalyst in the composite materials industry.

Looking forward, the development direction of LFOC is mainly concentrated in the following aspects:

  1. Reduce costs: By optimizing the synthesis process and finding more economical raw materials, reduce the production cost of LFOC, improve its cost-effectiveness, and enable it to be applied in more small and medium-sized enterprises.

  2. Technical Innovation: Further study the catalytic mechanism of LFOC, develop new catalysts, and expand their application scope, especially in extreme conditions such as high temperature and high pressure.

  3. Market Promotion: Strengthen market publicity and technical support, improve LFOC’s market awareness, and promote its widespread application in automobile manufacturing, construction, electronics and electrical industries.

  4. Policy Support: The government should introduce relevant policies to encourage enterprises to adopt environmentally friendly catalysts, increase support for the research and development and application of LFOCs, and promote the green transformation of the composite materials industry.

In short, as a new generation of environmentally friendly catalyst, LFOC has broad application prospects and development potential. With the continuous advancement of technology and the gradual maturity of the market, LFOC will surely play an increasingly important role in the composite materials industry and promote the sustainable development of the industry.

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