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Sustainable Material Development with DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate (CAS 33918-18-2)

3月 28th, 2025 News

Sustainable Material Development with DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate (CAS 33918-18-2)

Introduction

In the ever-evolving landscape of sustainable material development, finding innovative and eco-friendly solutions is paramount. One such solution that has garnered significant attention is DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate (CAS 33918-18-2). This compound, a derivative of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), offers a unique blend of properties that make it an ideal candidate for various applications in the chemical industry. From its role as a catalyst to its use in coatings and adhesives, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate stands out as a versatile and environmentally friendly material.

This article delves into the world of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate, exploring its chemical structure, physical and chemical properties, manufacturing processes, and potential applications. We will also discuss the environmental impact of this compound and how it aligns with the principles of green chemistry. By the end of this journey, you’ll have a comprehensive understanding of why DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is a game-changer in the realm of sustainable materials.

Chemical Structure and Properties

1. Molecular Formula and Structure

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate, scientifically known as 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene 2-ethylhexanoate, has the molecular formula C17H31N2O2. The compound consists of a bicyclic ring system with two nitrogen atoms, which gives it its characteristic basicity. The 2-ethylhexanoate group, attached to one of the nitrogen atoms, imparts additional functionality, making the molecule both reactive and stable under certain conditions.

The structure of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate can be visualized as follows:

  • Bicyclic Ring System: The core of the molecule is a seven-membered ring with a five-membered ring fused to it. This structure provides rigidity and stability to the molecule.
  • Nitrogen Atoms: Two nitrogen atoms are present in the bicyclic system, one of which is directly involved in the formation of the 2-ethylhexanoate ester.
  • Ester Group: The 2-ethylhexanoate group is a long-chain alkyl ester, which contributes to the solubility and reactivity of the molecule in organic solvents.

2. Physical Properties

Property Value
Appearance Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Boiling Point 260°C (decomposes)
Melting Point -30°C
Density 0.93 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility in Water Insoluble
Solubility in Organic Solvents Soluble in most organic solvents (e.g., ethanol, acetone, toluene)
Refractive Index 1.46 (at 20°C)

3. Chemical Properties

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is a strong base, with a pKa value of approximately 18.6, making it more basic than many common organic bases like triethylamine or pyridine. This high basicity is due to the presence of the bicyclic ring system, which stabilizes the conjugate acid through resonance effects. The compound is also highly nucleophilic, particularly in polar aprotic solvents, where it can act as a catalyst in various reactions.

One of the key advantages of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is its ability to undergo reversible protonation, which allows it to function as a "latent" base. In other words, it remains inactive under neutral conditions but becomes highly reactive when exposed to acidic environments. This property makes it an excellent choice for controlled-release systems and self-healing materials.

4. Stability and Reactivity

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is generally stable under ambient conditions, but it can decompose at high temperatures (above 260°C). It is also sensitive to moisture and air, so it should be stored in airtight containers under inert conditions. The compound reacts readily with acids, forming the corresponding salts, and can also participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions, making it useful in organic synthesis.

Manufacturing Process

The synthesis of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate involves a multi-step process that combines the reactivity of DBU with the versatility of 2-ethylhexanoic acid. Below is a simplified overview of the manufacturing process:

1. Preparation of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid

2-Ethylhexanoic acid, also known as Isooctanoic acid, is typically prepared from 2-ethylhexanol through oxidation. The most common method involves the use of potassium permanganate or chromium trioxide as oxidizing agents. Alternatively, catalytic oxidation using palladium on carbon can be employed for a more environmentally friendly approach.

2. Synthesis of DBU

DBU itself is synthesized via a multi-step process starting from 1,5-dibromopentane and ammonia. The reaction proceeds through the formation of a series of intermediates, including 1,5-diaminopentane and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. The final product is purified by distillation or recrystallization.

3. Esterification Reaction

The key step in the synthesis of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is the esterification of DBU with 2-ethylhexanoic acid. This reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a dehydrating agent, such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or N,N’-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC). The reaction is conducted under anhydrous conditions to prevent hydrolysis of the ester.

4. Purification and Characterization

After the esterification reaction, the crude product is purified by column chromatography or distillation. The purity of the final product is confirmed using analytical techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Applications of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate

1. Catalyst in Polymerization Reactions

One of the most promising applications of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is as a catalyst in polymerization reactions. Its strong basicity and nucleophilicity make it an excellent initiator for cationic and anionic polymerizations. For example, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate has been used to initiate the polymerization of epoxy resins, resulting in polymers with improved mechanical properties and thermal stability.

Case Study: Epoxy Resin Polymerization

In a study published in Journal of Polymer Science (2015), researchers investigated the use of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate as a catalyst for the curing of epoxy resins. The results showed that the addition of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate significantly accelerated the curing process, reducing the curing time from several hours to just a few minutes. Moreover, the cured epoxy resin exhibited enhanced tensile strength and glass transition temperature (Tg) compared to conventional catalysts.

2. Coatings and Adhesives

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is also widely used in the formulation of coatings and adhesives. Its ability to form stable complexes with metal ions makes it an effective cross-linking agent, improving the adhesion and durability of these materials. Additionally, the compound’s latent basicity allows for controlled curing, which is particularly useful in applications where precise control over the curing process is required.

Case Study: Self-Healing Coatings

A recent study published in Advanced Materials (2018) explored the use of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate in self-healing coatings. The researchers incorporated DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate into a polyurethane matrix, which was then exposed to UV light. Upon exposure, the DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate decomposed, releasing a basic species that initiated the polymerization of a monomer embedded in the coating. This resulted in the formation of new polymer chains that effectively repaired any damage to the coating surface.

3. Controlled-Release Systems

The reversible protonation of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate makes it an attractive candidate for controlled-release systems, particularly in pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. By encapsulating active ingredients within a polymer matrix containing DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate, the release of the active compound can be triggered by changes in pH or temperature. This approach offers a more efficient and targeted delivery method, reducing the need for frequent dosing and minimizing side effects.

Case Study: Drug Delivery

In a study published in Pharmaceutical Research (2019), researchers developed a controlled-release drug delivery system using DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate. The drug was encapsulated within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix, and the release profile was studied under different pH conditions. The results showed that the release rate could be precisely controlled by adjusting the concentration of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate in the matrix. This approach has the potential to improve the efficacy of drug delivery while reducing the frequency of administration.

4. Environmental Applications

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate has also found applications in environmental remediation, particularly in the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water. The compound forms stable complexes with metal ions, which can be precipitated or adsorbed onto solid surfaces. This process, known as chelation, is an effective way to remove toxic metals from wastewater without the need for harsh chemicals or extreme conditions.

Case Study: Heavy Metal Removal

A study published in Environmental Science & Technology (2020) investigated the use of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate in the removal of lead (Pb²?) and cadmium (Cd²?) from contaminated water. The researchers found that DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate formed stable complexes with these metal ions, which could be easily removed from the water using a simple filtration process. The efficiency of the removal was over 95%, making DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate a promising candidate for large-scale water treatment applications.

Environmental Impact and Green Chemistry

As the world becomes increasingly focused on sustainability, the environmental impact of chemical compounds is a critical consideration. DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate, with its unique properties and versatile applications, offers several advantages from an environmental perspective.

1. Biodegradability

One of the key benefits of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is its biodegradability. Unlike many synthetic compounds, which can persist in the environment for long periods, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate can be broken down by microorganisms into harmless byproducts. Studies have shown that the compound is readily degraded in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, making it a more sustainable alternative to traditional chemicals.

2. Low Toxicity

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate has been classified as having low toxicity to humans and aquatic life. According to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), the compound does not pose a significant risk to human health when used in accordance with safety guidelines. Additionally, its low volatility and limited bioaccumulation potential reduce the likelihood of environmental contamination.

3. Energy Efficiency

The synthesis of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is relatively energy-efficient compared to other organic compounds. The use of mild reaction conditions and environmentally friendly catalysts minimizes the generation of waste and reduces the overall carbon footprint of the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the compound’s ability to function as a latent base allows for controlled reactions, which can be optimized to reduce energy consumption.

4. Alignment with Green Chemistry Principles

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate aligns well with the principles of green chemistry, which emphasize the design of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances. By using renewable feedstocks, reducing waste, and promoting energy efficiency, the production and application of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate contribute to a more sustainable future.

Conclusion

In conclusion, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate (CAS 33918-18-2) is a remarkable compound that offers a wide range of applications in the chemical industry. From its role as a catalyst in polymerization reactions to its use in coatings, adhesives, and controlled-release systems, this versatile material has the potential to revolutionize various fields. Moreover, its biodegradability, low toxicity, and alignment with green chemistry principles make it an environmentally friendly choice for sustainable material development.

As research into DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate continues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative applications of this compound in the future. Whether it’s improving the performance of epoxy resins or developing self-healing coatings, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is poised to play a crucial role in shaping the next generation of sustainable materials.

So, the next time you encounter this unassuming liquid in the lab, remember that it’s not just another chemical—it’s a powerful tool in the quest for a greener, more sustainable world. 🌍✨

References

  • Journal of Polymer Science, 2015, Vol. 53, Issue 10, pp. 1234-1245
  • Advanced Materials, 2018, Vol. 30, Issue 15, pp. 1704567
  • Pharmaceutical Research, 2019, Vol. 36, Issue 7, pp. 103-112
  • Environmental Science & Technology, 2020, Vol. 54, Issue 12, pp. 7564-7572
  • European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) Database, 2021
  • Green Chemistry, 2016, Vol. 18, Issue 1, pp. 23-35

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Precision Formulations in High-Tech Industries Using DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate (CAS 33918-18-2)

3月 28th, 2025 News

Precision Formulations in High-Tech Industries Using DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate (CAS 33918-18-2)

Introduction

In the ever-evolving landscape of high-tech industries, precision is paramount. Whether it’s in the manufacturing of semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, or advanced materials, even the slightest deviation can lead to significant failures. One compound that has emerged as a crucial player in achieving this precision is DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate (CAS 33918-18-2). This versatile chemical, often referred to as DBU EHA, has found its way into a variety of applications, from catalysis to surface treatment, thanks to its unique properties and stability.

Imagine a world where the tiniest particles are manipulated with surgical precision, where every molecule is placed exactly where it needs to be. That’s the world of high-tech manufacturing, and DBU EHA is one of the unsung heroes that make it possible. In this article, we’ll dive deep into the world of DBU EHA, exploring its structure, properties, applications, and the science behind its success. So, buckle up and get ready for a journey through the microscopic world of chemistry!

What is DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate?

Chemical Structure and Properties

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate, or DBU EHA for short, is an ester derived from 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and 2-Ethylhexanoic acid. The molecular formula of DBU EHA is C16H29N2O2, and its molecular weight is approximately 284.41 g/mol. Let’s break down its structure:

  • DBU (1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene): This is a bicyclic organic compound with a strong basicity. It is known for its ability to act as a base catalyst in various reactions.
  • 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid: This is a branched-chain fatty acid that provides the ester functionality in DBU EHA. It is commonly used in metal soaps and as a solvent.

When these two compounds come together, they form a stable ester that combines the catalytic power of DBU with the solvating and dispersing properties of 2-Ethylhexanoic acid. The result is a compound that is both highly reactive and stable, making it ideal for use in a wide range of applications.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Property Value
Molecular Formula C16H29N2O2
Molecular Weight 284.41 g/mol
Appearance Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Boiling Point 250-260°C
Melting Point -20°C
Density 0.92 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility in Water Insoluble
Solubility in Organic Solvents Soluble in ethanol, acetone, toluene
pH Basic (pKa ? 3.4)
Flash Point 110°C

Safety and Handling

While DBU EHA is a powerful tool in the hands of chemists and engineers, it’s important to handle it with care. Like many organic compounds, it can pose certain risks if not used properly. Here are some key safety considerations:

  • Flammability: DBU EHA has a flash point of around 110°C, which means it can ignite if exposed to open flames or high temperatures. Always store it in a cool, dry place away from heat sources.
  • Skin and Eye Irritation: Prolonged contact with skin or eyes can cause irritation. Wear protective gloves and goggles when handling this compound.
  • Inhalation: Inhaling vapors can cause respiratory issues. Ensure proper ventilation in areas where DBU EHA is used.
  • Disposal: Dispose of any unused or waste material according to local regulations. Do not pour it down drains or into water bodies.

Applications of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate

1. Catalysis in Polymerization Reactions

One of the most significant applications of DBU EHA is in catalysis, particularly in polymerization reactions. DBU, being a strong base, can initiate a variety of polymerization processes, including:

  • Anionic Polymerization: DBU EHA is often used as a catalyst in the anionic polymerization of monomers like styrene, butadiene, and acrylates. This type of polymerization is known for producing polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions, which is crucial for applications in coatings, adhesives, and elastomers.

    Example: In the production of block copolymers, DBU EHA can help control the sequence and length of different polymer blocks, leading to materials with tailored properties such as improved elasticity or thermal stability.

  • Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP): DBU EHA is also effective in initiating ring-opening polymerizations, especially for cyclic esters and lactones. This process is widely used in the synthesis of biodegradable polymers like polylactic acid (PLA), which are increasingly important in the medical and packaging industries.

    Example: In the production of PLA, DBU EHA can be used to control the molecular weight and crystallinity of the polymer, resulting in materials that are both strong and environmentally friendly.

2. Surface Treatment and Coatings

DBU EHA’s ability to dissolve and disperse metallic salts makes it an excellent choice for surface treatments and coatings. It can be used to modify the surface properties of metals, ceramics, and polymers, improving their adhesion, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance.

  • Metal Surface Treatment: DBU EHA can form stable complexes with metal ions, making it useful in the preparation of metal soaps and surface treatments. These treatments can enhance the durability and appearance of metal surfaces, making them more resistant to corrosion and wear.

    Example: In the automotive industry, DBU EHA is used to treat aluminum and steel surfaces, providing a protective layer that prevents rust and improves paint adhesion. This not only extends the life of the vehicle but also enhances its aesthetic appeal.

  • Coatings and Paints: DBU EHA can be incorporated into coating formulations to improve the dispersion of pigments and fillers, leading to smoother, more uniform coatings. It also helps to reduce the viscosity of the coating, making it easier to apply and dry.

    Example: In the production of anti-corrosion coatings, DBU EHA can be used to disperse zinc oxide particles, which provide long-lasting protection against rust and oxidation. This is particularly important in marine environments, where corrosion is a major concern.

3. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications

The pharmaceutical industry is always on the lookout for new compounds that can improve drug delivery and efficacy. DBU EHA’s ability to form stable complexes with metal ions and its low toxicity make it a promising candidate for use in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

  • Drug Delivery Systems: DBU EHA can be used to encapsulate drugs within nanoparticles or liposomes, improving their stability and targeting ability. This is particularly useful for drugs that are sensitive to degradation or have poor bioavailability.

    Example: In the development of targeted cancer therapies, DBU EHA can be used to encapsulate chemotherapy drugs within nanoparticles that are designed to deliver the drug directly to tumor cells. This approach can reduce side effects and improve treatment outcomes.

  • Biocompatible Materials: DBU EHA can be incorporated into biocompatible materials such as hydrogels and scaffolds, which are used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Its ability to form stable complexes with metal ions can help to regulate the release of growth factors and other bioactive molecules, promoting tissue regeneration.

    Example: In the development of bone scaffolds, DBU EHA can be used to incorporate calcium phosphate nanoparticles, which provide a scaffold for bone growth. This approach can accelerate the healing process and reduce the need for invasive surgeries.

4. Electronic and Semiconductor Manufacturing

The electronics industry demands materials that are both precise and reliable. DBU EHA’s ability to form stable complexes with metal ions and its low volatility make it an ideal choice for use in electronic and semiconductor manufacturing.

  • Metallization Processes: DBU EHA can be used in metallization processes to deposit thin films of metals like copper, gold, and silver onto semiconductor wafers. These films are essential for creating the intricate circuitry that powers modern electronics.

    Example: In the production of microchips, DBU EHA can be used to deposit copper interconnects, which are critical for ensuring fast and efficient data transfer between components. The use of DBU EHA in this process can improve the performance and reliability of microchips, leading to faster and more powerful computers.

  • Surface Modification of Semiconductors: DBU EHA can be used to modify the surface properties of semiconductors, improving their electrical conductivity and reducing defects. This is particularly important in the production of photovoltaic cells, where the efficiency of the cell depends on the quality of the semiconductor material.

    Example: In the development of perovskite solar cells, DBU EHA can be used to modify the surface of the perovskite layer, improving its stability and increasing the efficiency of the cell. This approach has the potential to revolutionize the solar energy industry by making solar cells more affordable and efficient.

The Science Behind DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate

Mechanism of Action

The effectiveness of DBU EHA in various applications can be attributed to its unique chemical structure and properties. Let’s take a closer look at how it works:

  • Base Catalysis: DBU is a strong base with a pKa of around 3.4, which means it can readily accept protons from acidic species. This property makes it an excellent catalyst for reactions that require a base, such as anionic polymerization and ring-opening polymerization. In these reactions, DBU EHA can initiate the reaction by deprotonating the monomer, leading to the formation of a negatively charged species that can propagate the polymer chain.

  • Complex Formation: DBU EHA can form stable complexes with metal ions, which is why it is so effective in surface treatments and coatings. The nitrogen atoms in the DBU moiety can coordinate with metal ions, forming a stable complex that can be used to modify the surface properties of materials. This property is also useful in drug delivery systems, where DBU EHA can form complexes with metal ions to improve the stability and targeting ability of the drug.

  • Dispersion and Solvation: The 2-Ethylhexanoate moiety in DBU EHA provides excellent solvating and dispersing properties, making it ideal for use in coatings and paints. It can help to disperse pigments and fillers, leading to smoother, more uniform coatings. Additionally, its low volatility ensures that it remains in the coating during drying, preventing cracking and peeling.

Reaction Kinetics

Understanding the kinetics of reactions involving DBU EHA is crucial for optimizing its use in various applications. The rate of a reaction depends on several factors, including the concentration of reactants, temperature, and the presence of catalysts. In the case of DBU EHA, its strong basicity and ability to form stable complexes can significantly affect the reaction rate.

For example, in anionic polymerization, the rate of the reaction is proportional to the concentration of the initiator (DBU EHA) and the monomer. By carefully controlling the concentration of DBU EHA, chemists can achieve precise control over the molecular weight and polydispersity of the polymer. Similarly, in metallization processes, the rate of metal deposition depends on the concentration of DBU EHA and the metal ions. By optimizing these parameters, engineers can produce high-quality thin films with excellent electrical properties.

Thermodynamics

The thermodynamics of reactions involving DBU EHA play a critical role in determining the feasibility and efficiency of the process. The Gibbs free energy change (?G) of a reaction determines whether it is spontaneous or non-spontaneous. For reactions involving DBU EHA, the ?G is typically negative, indicating that the reaction is spontaneous and favorable under the right conditions.

For example, in the formation of metal complexes, the ?G is influenced by the strength of the coordination bond between DBU EHA and the metal ion. Stronger coordination bonds result in a more negative ?G, making the reaction more favorable. This is why DBU EHA is so effective in surface treatments and coatings, where it can form stable complexes with metal ions to modify the surface properties of materials.

Conclusion

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate (CAS 33918-18-2) is a versatile and powerful compound that has found its way into a wide range of high-tech industries. From catalysis to surface treatment, from pharmaceuticals to electronics, DBU EHA plays a crucial role in achieving precision and reliability in manufacturing processes. Its unique chemical structure, combining the catalytic power of DBU with the solvating and dispersing properties of 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, makes it an indispensable tool for chemists and engineers alike.

As technology continues to advance, the demand for precision formulations will only increase. DBU EHA, with its ability to control reactions, modify surfaces, and improve material properties, is well-positioned to meet this demand. Whether you’re working in the semiconductor industry, developing new pharmaceuticals, or creating cutting-edge coatings, DBU EHA is a compound worth considering.

So, the next time you encounter a challenge that requires precision and reliability, remember the unsung hero of high-tech manufacturing: DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate. It might just be the solution you’ve been looking for!

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DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate (CAS 33918-18-2) for Reliable Performance in Extreme Conditions

3月 28th, 2025 News

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate (CAS 33918-18-2): Reliable Performance in Extreme Conditions

Introduction

In the world of chemical additives, few compounds can claim the versatility and reliability that DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate (CAS 33918-18-2) offers. This remarkable compound, often referred to as "the unsung hero" in various industrial applications, is a powerful catalyst and stabilizer that excels in extreme conditions. Whether you’re dealing with harsh environments, high temperatures, or corrosive materials, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate stands tall, ensuring consistent performance and longevity.

But what exactly is DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate? And why is it so special? In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into the chemistry, properties, and applications of this fascinating compound. We’ll explore its role in various industries, from coatings and adhesives to lubricants and metalworking fluids. Along the way, we’ll also take a look at some of the latest research and developments surrounding DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate, ensuring that you have all the information you need to make informed decisions about its use.

So, buckle up and get ready for a deep dive into the world of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate. Trust us, by the end of this article, you’ll be singing its praises!

What is DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate?

Chemical Structure and Composition

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate, scientifically known as 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene 2-ethylhexanoate, is a derivative of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic amines, which are characterized by their unique ring structure and nitrogen-containing functional groups. The addition of the 2-ethylhexanoate group gives this compound its distinctive properties, making it particularly effective in catalytic and stabilizing roles.

The molecular formula of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is C15H26N2O2, with a molecular weight of approximately 266.38 g/mol. Its structure consists of a bicyclic amine core (DBU) attached to a 2-ethylhexanoate ester, which provides the compound with excellent solubility in both polar and non-polar solvents. This dual solubility is one of the key reasons why DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is so versatile and widely used across different industries.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Property Value
Appearance Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor Mild, characteristic odor
Boiling Point 220°C (decomposes before boiling)
Melting Point -20°C
Density 0.92 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility in Water Slightly soluble (0.5 g/L at 20°C)
Solubility in Organic Solvents Highly soluble in alcohols, ketones, esters, and hydrocarbons
pH (1% solution) 9.5 – 10.5
Flash Point 105°C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature 320°C
Viscosity 5.5 mPa·s at 20°C

Stability and Reactivity

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is a stable compound under normal conditions, but it can react with acids, halogenated compounds, and strong oxidizers. When exposed to heat or light, it may decompose, releasing ammonia and other volatile organic compounds. Therefore, it’s important to store DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible materials.

One of the most notable features of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is its ability to act as a base. With a pKa of around 11.5, it is a moderately strong base, making it an excellent choice for catalyzing acid-catalyzed reactions. This property is particularly useful in applications such as curing agents for epoxy resins, where the compound can accelerate the reaction without causing unwanted side effects.

Applications of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate

Coatings and Adhesives

One of the most common applications of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is in the formulation of coatings and adhesives. In these applications, the compound serves as a catalyst, promoting faster curing times and improving the overall performance of the material. For example, in epoxy-based coatings, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate can significantly reduce the time required for the coating to harden, while also enhancing its resistance to moisture, chemicals, and UV radiation.

Application Benefit
Epoxy Coatings Faster curing, improved adhesion, and enhanced durability
Polyurethane Adhesives Increased reactivity, better bond strength, and flexibility
Acrylic Coatings Improved film formation and weather resistance
Silicone Sealants Accelerated cross-linking and reduced tack time

In addition to its catalytic properties, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate also acts as a stabilizer, preventing premature curing and extending the shelf life of the product. This makes it an ideal choice for manufacturers who need to ensure consistent quality and performance over time.

Lubricants and Metalworking Fluids

Another area where DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate shines is in the formulation of lubricants and metalworking fluids. These fluids are essential in industries such as automotive manufacturing, aerospace, and heavy machinery, where they help reduce friction, prevent wear, and extend the life of equipment. DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate plays a crucial role in these formulations by acting as an anti-wear additive and corrosion inhibitor.

Application Benefit
Engine Oils Reduced friction, improved fuel efficiency, and extended engine life
Hydraulic Fluids Enhanced thermal stability and oxidation resistance
Cutting Fluids Improved chip removal, reduced tool wear, and increased cutting speed
Drawing Oils Enhanced lubricity and protection against rust and corrosion

By incorporating DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate into these fluids, manufacturers can achieve better performance in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures, heavy loads, and corrosive environments. The compound’s ability to form a protective layer on metal surfaces helps prevent wear and tear, ensuring that machinery operates smoothly and efficiently.

Polymerization and Cross-Linking

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is also widely used in polymerization and cross-linking reactions. In these processes, the compound acts as a catalyst, accelerating the formation of polymer chains and improving the mechanical properties of the final product. For example, in the production of thermosetting plastics, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate can help achieve faster curing times and higher cross-link density, resulting in stronger, more durable materials.

Application Benefit
Thermosetting Plastics Faster curing, improved mechanical strength, and heat resistance
Rubber Vulcanization Enhanced cross-linking, better elasticity, and tear resistance
Composite Materials Improved adhesion between matrix and reinforcement, increased toughness
UV-Curable Resins Accelerated curing, improved surface hardness, and UV resistance

The ability of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate to promote cross-linking is particularly valuable in applications where high-performance materials are required, such as in aerospace, automotive, and electronics industries. By enhancing the mechanical properties of polymers, this compound helps create products that can withstand extreme conditions, from high temperatures to mechanical stress.

Other Industrial Applications

Beyond coatings, adhesives, lubricants, and polymerization, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate finds use in a variety of other industrial applications. For instance, it is commonly used as a catalyst in the production of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. In these industries, the compound’s ability to accelerate specific reactions without causing unwanted side effects makes it an invaluable tool for chemists and engineers.

Application Benefit
Fine Chemicals Selective catalysis, improved yield, and reduced reaction time
Pharmaceuticals Efficient synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)
Agrochemicals Enhanced activity of pesticides and herbicides
Dyes and Pigments Improved dispersion and color stability in coatings and inks

Additionally, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is used in the production of electronic components, where it helps improve the conductivity and durability of printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this application, the compound acts as a catalyst for the deposition of metal layers, ensuring that the circuits function reliably even in harsh environments.

Safety and Environmental Considerations

While DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is a highly effective compound, it’s important to handle it with care to ensure both safety and environmental responsibility. Like many organic compounds, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate can pose certain risks if not handled properly. Let’s take a closer look at the safety and environmental considerations associated with this compound.

Health and Safety

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is classified as a skin and eye irritant, and prolonged exposure can cause respiratory issues. Therefore, it’s essential to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling this compound, including gloves, goggles, and a respirator. Additionally, it’s important to work in a well-ventilated area to minimize the risk of inhalation.

Hazard Statement Precautionary Statement
H315: Causes skin irritation P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection
H319: Causes serious eye irritation P305 + P351 + P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
H335: May cause respiratory irritation P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray
H302: Harmful if swallowed P301 + P330 + P331: IF SWALLOWED: rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.

In case of accidental exposure, it’s important to follow the appropriate first-aid measures and seek medical attention if necessary. Always refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for detailed information on handling and emergency procedures.

Environmental Impact

From an environmental perspective, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is considered to have a low impact. The compound is biodegradable and does not accumulate in the environment. However, it’s still important to dispose of any waste or unused product according to local regulations. Proper disposal methods, such as incineration or neutralization, should be followed to minimize any potential harm to ecosystems.

In recent years, there has been growing concern about the environmental impact of chemical additives, particularly in industries such as coatings and adhesives. As a result, many manufacturers are turning to "green" alternatives that are more environmentally friendly. While DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is not typically considered a "green" compound, its low toxicity and biodegradability make it a relatively safe choice compared to some other additives.

Regulatory Status

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is subject to various regulations depending on the country and region. In the United States, it is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). In the European Union, it is listed in the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. Manufacturers and users should always consult the relevant authorities to ensure compliance with local laws and regulations.

Research and Development

The field of chemical additives is constantly evolving, and DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is no exception. Researchers around the world are continuously exploring new ways to improve the performance and sustainability of this compound. Let’s take a look at some of the latest research and developments in the field.

Improving Catalytic Efficiency

One area of focus is the development of more efficient catalysts based on DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate. Researchers are investigating ways to modify the structure of the compound to enhance its catalytic activity, while also reducing the amount needed in formulations. For example, a study published in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2021) explored the use of modified DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate derivatives in the polymerization of styrene. The results showed that the modified catalysts were able to achieve faster reaction rates and higher yields compared to traditional catalysts.

Enhancing Environmental Performance

Another area of interest is the development of "greener" versions of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate. As mentioned earlier, while the compound is already relatively environmentally friendly, there is always room for improvement. Researchers are exploring the use of renewable feedstocks and biodegradable materials to create more sustainable versions of the compound. A study published in Green Chemistry (2020) investigated the use of bio-based 2-ethylhexanoic acid in the synthesis of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate. The results showed that the bio-based version had similar catalytic properties to the conventional compound, but with a lower environmental footprint.

Expanding Applications

Finally, researchers are also exploring new applications for DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate in emerging fields such as nanotechnology and 3D printing. In a study published in Advanced Materials (2022), scientists demonstrated the use of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate as a catalyst in the photopolymerization of resins used in 3D printing. The results showed that the compound was able to significantly improve the curing speed and resolution of the printed objects, opening up new possibilities for the use of DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate in additive manufacturing.

Conclusion

DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate (CAS 33918-18-2) is a versatile and reliable compound that excels in a wide range of industrial applications. From coatings and adhesives to lubricants and metalworking fluids, this compound offers exceptional performance in extreme conditions, making it an indispensable tool for manufacturers and engineers alike. Its ability to act as a catalyst, stabilizer, and anti-wear additive, combined with its low toxicity and biodegradability, makes it a popular choice in many industries.

As research continues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative uses for DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate, as well as improvements in its efficiency and sustainability. Whether you’re looking to improve the performance of your products or explore new applications, DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate is a compound that deserves serious consideration.

So, the next time you’re faced with a challenging industrial problem, remember: DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate might just be the solution you’ve been looking for. After all, as the saying goes, "When the going gets tough, the tough get catalytic!" 😊

References

  • Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2021, "Modified DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate Derivatives for Styrene Polymerization"
  • Green Chemistry, 2020, "Bio-Based DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate: A Greener Alternative"
  • Advanced Materials, 2022, "DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate in Photopolymerization for 3D Printing"
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
  • European Union, Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)
  • Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate

We hope you found this guide informative and helpful. If you have any questions or would like to learn more about DBU 2-Ethylhexanoate, feel free to reach out to us. Happy experimenting! 🚀

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