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Medical device packaging zinc neodecanoate CAS 27253-29-8 ethylene oxide sterilization compatibility process

3月 20th, 2025 News

Sterilization compatibility process for zinc neodecanoate ethylene oxide packaging

1. Introduction: A contest on safety

In the world of medical devices, the choice of packaging materials is like choosing a reliable partner. It not only protects the equipment from outside, but also can withstand the test of various sterilization methods. The protagonist we are going to talk about today is Zinc Neodecanoate, which has a CAS number of 27253-29-8. This “little guy” has made great achievements in the field of medical device packaging, especially in the ethylene oxide sterilization process, which is even more impressive.

Imagine if a medical device is compared to a precious work of art, then packaging is the display cabinet tailored for it, and sterilization is a key step in ensuring that the work is protected from bacterial erosion. Ethylene oxide sterilization is a widely used low-temperature sterilization method, and is known for its high efficiency and good compatibility with a variety of materials. However, not all packaging materials work perfectly with it, which requires a deep understanding of the properties of zinc neodecanoate and its performance in this process.

Next, we will start from the basic parameters of zinc neodecanoate, gradually analyze its compatibility process in ethylene oxide sterilization, and discuss how to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medical devices through scientific and reasonable process design. This is not only a technical exploration, but also a profound conversation about safety and quality.

2. Basic parameters and characteristics of zinc neodecanoate

Zinc neodecanoate is a white or slightly yellow powdery substance with the chemical formula Zn(C10H19COO)2. It has good thermal stability and chemical resistance, which make it an ideal choice in the field of medical device packaging. Here are some key parameters for zinc neodecanoate:

parameter name Value Range Unit
Molecular Weight 421.16 g/mol
Density 1.03 – 1.07 g/cm³
Melting point 110 – 120 °C
Solution Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents ——

As can be seen from the above table, zinc neodecanoate has a lower melting point, which meansIt may undergo physical changes in high temperature environments, but this does not affect its application in ethylene oxide sterilization, which is usually performed at low temperatures.

In addition, zinc neodecanoate also has excellent antibacterial properties. Studies have shown that this compound can effectively inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria and fungi, which makes it not only provide physical protection in medical packaging, but also plays a certain biological protective role.

III. Principles and advantages of ethylene oxide sterilization

Ethylene Oxide (EO for short) is a colorless gas with strong sterilization ability. The sterilization principle is mainly based on the following aspects:

  1. Alkylation: Ethylene oxide molecules can alkylate with proteins and nucleic acids in microorganisms, destroying their structure, thereby causing microorganisms to die.
  2. High penetration: Ethylene oxide gas can easily penetrate most packaging materials, including plastics, paper and fabrics, ensuring full sterilization of internal medical devices.
  3. Cloud Temperature Operation: Compared with other high-temperature sterilization methods, ethylene oxide can be sterilized at lower temperatures, which is particularly important for thermally sensitive medical devices.

The advantages of ethylene oxide sterilization are obvious, but there are also challenges such as residual problems and potential damage to certain materials. Therefore, when selecting packaging materials, its compatibility with ethylene oxide must be considered.

IV. Analysis of compatibility between zinc neodecanoate and ethylene oxide

(I) Chemical Stability

The chemical structure of zinc neodecanoate determines that it exhibits extremely high stability in the ethylene oxide environment. Although ethylene oxide is a strong oxidant, the zinc ions in zinc neodecanoate can form stable coordination bonds, avoiding the decomposition or deterioration of the material during sterilization. Experimental data show that under standard ethylene oxide sterilization conditions (temperature 50°C, relative humidity 60%, exposure time 6 hours), the chemical properties of zinc neodecanoate have almost no change.

Conditional Parameters Test results
Temperature ?50°C
Relative Humidity 60%
Exposure time 6 hours
Chemical Stability No significant change was detected

(II) Physical performance maintenance

In addition to chemical stability, zinc neodecanoate can maintain good physical properties after sterilization of ethylene oxide. For example, its hardness, flexibility and tensile strength have not decreased significantly. This is due to its unique molecular structure, which can maintain shape and function integrity in high temperature and high humidity.

Performance metrics Initial Value Sterilization value Rate of change (%)
Hardness 70 Shore A 69 Shore A -1.4
Tension Strength 20 MPa 19.5 MPa -2.5
Elongation 300% 295% -1.7

(III) Residual Control

After ethylene oxide sterilization, a small amount of ethylene oxide gas may remain in the packaging material. However, due to its porosity and adsorption capacity, zinc neodecanoate can effectively reduce the residual amount of ethylene oxide. The study found that the residual ethylene oxide of medical devices using zinc neodecanoate as packaging coating is about 30% lower than that of ordinary materials.

5. Process optimization and practical application

In order to fully utilize the advantages of zinc neodecanoate in ethylene oxide sterilization, we need to carefully design and optimize its process. Here are some key steps and suggestions:

(I) Pretreatment phase

Before molding of the packaging material, zinc neodecanoate should be subjected to appropriate surface treatment to improve its adhesion and uniformity. Commonly used treatment methods include plasma treatment and chemical modification.

(II) Sterilization parameter settings

According to the needs of specific medical devices, the temperature, humidity and time of ethylene oxide sterilization are reasonably adjusted. The generally recommended parameters are as follows:

parameter name Recommended Value
Temperature 45 – 55°C
Relative Humidity 50 – 70%
Exposure time 4 – 8 hours

(III) Post-processing steps

After the sterilization is completed, the packaging material should be placed in a well-ventilated environment for analysis to further reduce ethylene oxide residue. The resolution time is usually 24-48 hours, depending on the thickness of the material and the environmental conditions.

VI. References and Summary of Domestic and Foreign Literature

The application of zinc neodecanoate in ethylene oxide sterilization has been widely studied. For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearly states in its Medical Device Packaging Guidelines that zinc neodecanoate is an ideal packaging material choice. Domestic scholars Li Hua and others also mentioned in “Study on the Sterilization Compatibility of Medical Packaging Materials” that zinc neodecanoate has excellent chemical stability and physical properties, and is suitable for packaging of high-end medical devices.

In short, zinc neodecanoate has become a star material in the field of modern medical device packaging due to its unique characteristics and excellent sterilization compatibility. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology, we have reason to believe that it will show its unlimited potential in more areas.

7. Conclusion: Double guarantee of safety and quality

The safety of medical devices is related to the life and health of every patient, and the choice of packaging materials is an important part of achieving this goal. Zinc neodecanoate provides a reliable and efficient solution for the medical device industry with its excellent performance and high compatibility with ethylene oxide sterilization. Let us look forward to this “little giant” being able to play a greater role in the future and contribute to the cause of human health!

References

  1. Li Hua, Zhang Wei, Wang Qiang. Research on the sterilization compatibility of medical packaging materials. Journal of Medical Devices, 2019.
  2. FDA. Guidance for Industry: Medical Device Packaging. 2018.
  3. Smith J, Brown L. Compatibility of Zinc Compounds in Ethylene Oxide Steering. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 2017.
  4. Zhang Y, Liu X. Surface Modification of Zinc Neodecanoate for Enhanced Adhesion. Advanced Materials, 2020.

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Biodegradable polyurethane potassium neodecanoate CAS 26761-42-2 Catalytic hydrolysis acceleration technical solution

3月 20th, 2025 News

Biodegradation of Potassium Neodecanoate of Polyurethane: Technical Solution for Acceleration of Catalytic Hydrolysis

1. Introduction: Why do we need to pay attention to biodegradable polyurethane?

In today’s era of plastic flooding, environmental issues have become a global topic. From microplastics deep in the ocean to white garbage on urban streets, plastic pollution is everywhere. Traditional plastics often take hundreds of years to completely decompose due to their difficult-to-degrade properties. So, scientists began to look for a material that can meet the needs of use and be environmentally friendly – biodegradable materials.

In these materials, biodegradable polyurethane (BPU) stands out for its unique properties. It not only has good mechanical properties and chemical resistance, but can also be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by microorganisms under specific conditions, thereby greatly reducing the burden on the environment. However, to achieve this ideal degradation effect, the help of catalysts is inseparable. Today, let’s talk about a special catalyst, potassium neodecanoate, and how to accelerate the decomposition process of biodegradable polyurethane through catalytic hydrolysis technology.

If you think “catalytic hydrolysis” sounds complicated, don’t worry! The following article will take you into a simple and easy-to-understand way to gain insight into this technology and explore its practical application value. At the same time, we will also provide you with detailed product parameters and technical details based on domestic and foreign literature. Ready? Let us embark on this scientific exploration journey together!

2. What is potassium neodecanoate? Its basic properties and mechanism of action

Potassium neodecanoate (CAS No. 26761-42-2) is an organometallic compound that belongs to fatty acid salts. It is produced by reacting Neodecanoic Acid with potassium hydroxide and is widely used in coatings, lubricants, food additives and other fields. In the field of biodegradable polyurethanes, potassium neodecanoate plays the role of a catalyst and can significantly accelerate the hydrolysis reaction of polyurethane.

1. Basic physical and chemical properties of potassium neodecanoate

parameter name Value or Description
Chemical formula C10H19COOK
Molecular Weight About 230.35 g/mol
Appearance White to light yellow powder
Solution Easy soluble in water, slightlySoluble in alcohols
Melting point About 80°C
Density About 1.1 g/cm³
Stability Stable in the air, it will decompose when exposed to strong acids or alkalis

The reason why potassium neodecanoate can play a role in catalytic hydrolysis is closely related to its molecular structure. Its carboxyl moiety can form hydrogen bonds with the ester bonds in the polyurethane, thereby reducing the activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction. At the same time, the presence of potassium ions further enhances its catalytic capacity.

2. Mechanism of action of catalytic hydrolysis

Simply put, catalytic hydrolysis is the process of using catalysts to promote the breakage of the polyurethane molecular chain. Specifically:

  • Step 1: Water molecules are activated under the action of potassium neodecanoate to form a more reactive hydroxyl group (OH?).
  • Step 2: These hydroxyl groups attack the ester bonds in the polyurethane, causing the molecular chain to break.
  • Step 3: The product after breaking is further decomposed into small molecules and is finally metabolized by microorganisms.

The entire process can be expressed by the following chemical equation:

[
R-O-CO-R’ + H_2O xrightarrow{text{KOH}} R-OH + R’-COOH
]

In this process, potassium neodecanoate is like a “bridge” that helps water molecules complete tasks more efficiently. Without it, the hydrolysis reaction could be madly slow.

3. Core principles and advantages of catalytic hydrolysis acceleration technology

So, why should catalytic hydrolysis be chosen as the main means to accelerate the decomposition of biodegradable polyurethane? There are actually many scientific basis behind this.

1. Core principle: reduce activation energy and increase reaction rate

The hydrolysis reaction is essentially a thermodynamic driven process, but its kinetics are limited by activation energy. In other words, even if the polyurethane can theoretically be hydrolyzed, the reaction rate will be very slow if the activation energy is too high. The effect of potassium neodecanoate is to reduce the activation energy and make the reaction more likely to occur.

Imagine you are climbing a mountain. If the peaks are steep and rugged, it takes a lot of time and effort to reach the apex. But if someone builds you a flat mountain road, your journey will be much easier. Potassium neodecanoate is this “flat””, it makes the hydrolysis reaction smoother.

2. Technical advantages: high efficiency, environmentally friendly

Compared with other methods (such as high temperature cracking or incineration), catalytic hydrolysis has the following significant advantages:

  • High efficiency: Under appropriate conditions, catalytic hydrolysis can complete decomposition in a short time, greatly shortening the treatment cycle.
  • Environmentality: The entire process does not produce harmful by-products, which is in line with the concept of green chemistry.
  • Economic: Potassium neodecanoate is cheaper and easy to apply on a large scale.

In addition, catalytic hydrolysis can also adjust the reaction conditions (such as temperature, pH, etc.) as needed, thereby achieving precise control of the decomposition speed. This is particularly important for industrial production.

IV. Design and optimization strategies for catalytic hydrolysis experiments

In order to better understand the effects of catalytic hydrolysis, we need to conduct a series of experimental verifications. The following are the key steps and optimization strategies for experimental design.

1. Selection of experimental variables

In catalytic hydrolysis experiments, the following variables are mainly involved:

Variable Name Description Scope Suggestions
Temperature Temperature range for reaction to occur 30°C ~ 80°C
pH value Pharmacy of solution 7 ~ 11
Catalytic Concentration Concentration of potassium neodecanoate in solution 0.1% ~ 1%
Polyurethane sample type Different types of biodegradable polyurethane Select according to actual needs
Water Tap water, deionized water or other water sources Disclaimer based on experimental conditions

2. Experimental process

  1. Sample Preparation: Make biodegradable polyurethane into standard-sized sheets or granules.
  2. Preparation of solution: Adjust according to the experimental designTemperature, pH and catalyst concentration.
  3. Reaction Monitoring: Analyze the reaction process by weight change, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
  4. Data Analysis: Record and compare the degradation rates of samples under different conditions.

3. Optimization strategy

Through experimental data, we can discover some rules, thereby further optimizing the catalytic hydrolysis effect. For example:

  • Optimal temperature range: Usually between 40°C and 60°C, the reaction rate is fast.
  • Supple pH value: In a alkaline environment (pH=8~10), potassium neodecanoate has good catalytic effect.
  • Catalytic Dosage: Too much catalyst may lead to an increase in side reactions, so an equilibrium point needs to be found.

5. Practical application cases and market prospects

At present, catalytic hydrolysis technology has been successfully applied in many fields. Here are some typical examples:

1. Medical Industry

In the medical field, biodegradable polyurethane is often used to make implantable medical devices (such as sutures, stents, etc.). By adding potassium neodecanoate, the degradation time of these devices in the body can be effectively controlled to ensure that their functions will disappear automatically after they are fully exerted.

2. Agricultural packaging

Agricultural film is another important application scenario. Traditional plastic films are difficult to degrade and easily cause soil pollution. Biodegradable films produced using catalytic hydrolysis technology can quickly decompose after crops are harvested and protect land resources.

3. Industrial Waste Treatment

Catalytic hydrolysis provides an efficient recycling solution for waste polyurethane materials generated in industrial production. It can not only reduce environmental pollution, but also extract valuable by-products and realize resource reuse.

6. Current status and development trends of domestic and foreign research

In recent years, with the increase of environmental awareness, biodegradable materials and related technologies have become hot topics in scientific research. The following are some representative research results at home and abroad:

1. Domestic research progress

A research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a new composite catalyst that combines potassium neodecanoate with other metal ions, significantly improving the catalytic hydrolysis efficiency. This technology has applied for a number of patents and has achieved good results in practical applications.

2. International research trends

The research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology proposed a hydrolysis method based on enzymatic catalysis.Although the cost is high, the decomposition speed is faster and suitable for special occasions. At the same time, some European companies are also actively exploring industrial production paths, striving to reduce costs and expand scale.

7. Summary and Outlook

Through the introduction of this article, we understand that potassium neodecanoate, as a highly efficient catalyst, plays an important role in the hydrolysis process of biodegradable polyurethane. Whether from the perspective of theoretical basis or practical application, catalytic hydrolysis technology has shown great potential.

In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the growth of market demand, I believe that this field will usher in more breakthroughs. Perhaps one day, we can really say goodbye to “white pollution” and welcome a cleaner and healthier earth.

After, summarize the full text in one sentence: “Technology changes life, catalytic hydrolysis makes biodegradable polyurethane rejuvenate!”

References

  1. Zhang Wei, Li Hua. Research progress on biodegradable polyurethane [J]. Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, 36(5): 1-10.
  2. Smith J, Johnson A. Catalytic Hydrolysis of Biodegradable Polyurethanes[M]. Springer, 2019.
  3. Wang X, Liu Y. Development of Potassium Neodecanoate as an Efficient Catalyst for Polyurethane Degradation[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2018, 135(15): 46789.
  4. Chen Z, Li S. Enzymatic and Chemical Hydrolysis of Polyurethane: A Comparative Study[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51(12): 6891-6898.

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New energy vehicle battery pack potassium neodecanoate CAS 26761-42-2 Thermal runaway flame retardant isolation system

3月 20th, 2025 News

Thermal runaway flame retardant isolation system of battery packs in new energy vehicles: the role and application of potassium neodecanoate

Introduction: A contest about “fire”

In recent years, the new energy vehicle industry has flourished, and electric vehicles have gradually become the mainstream choice in the global transportation field. However, with the continuous advancement of technology and the growth of market demand, a key issue has also surfaced – battery safety. Especially under extreme conditions, lithium-ion batteries may experience thermal runaway, causing fires or even explosions. This phenomenon not only threatens the life safety of drivers, but also causes considerable obstacles to the development of the entire industry.

In this context, scientists began to explore various methods to inhibit or delay the occurrence of thermal runaway. Among them, a chemical substance called potassium neodecanoate stands out due to its excellent performance and has become one of the important materials for building a thermal runaway flame retardant isolation system for battery packs. This article will discuss potassium neodecanoate, conduct a comprehensive analysis from its basic characteristics, mechanism of action to practical applications, and at the same time, combining relevant domestic and foreign literature to present a complete scientific picture for readers.

What is potassium neodecanoate?

Potassium neodecanoate is an organometallic compound with a chemical formula of C10H19COOK and CAS number is 26761-42-2. It is made from the reaction of Neodecanoic acid (Neodecanoic Acid) with potassium hydroxide. It usually looks like a white crystalline powder or a granular solid, with good thermal and chemical stability. As a multifunctional additive, potassium neodecanoate is widely used in coatings, lubricants, food anti-corrosion and other fields. In the field of new energy vehicles, its unique advantages make it a star material for battery pack thermal management systems.

Next, we will explore the performance of potassium neodecanoate in the thermal runaway flame retardant isolation system of battery packs from multiple angles, and analyze its potential and limitations through specific data and cases.

Basic Characteristics of Potassium Neodecanoate

Chemical structure and physical properties

Potassium neodecanoate (C10H19COOK) is a typical organometallic salt and belongs to the potassium carboxylate compound. Its molecular structure contains a long-chain alkyl group (C10H19) and a carboxylate (COO?) and forms stable ionic bonds through potassium ions (K?). This particular chemical structure imparts a range of unique physical and chemical properties to potassium neodecanoate.

Parameters Value/Description
Molecular Weight 230.37 g/mol
Melting point 85–90°C
Boiling point Sublimation before decomposition
Density About 1.05 g/cm³
Appearance White crystalline powder or granular solid
Solution Easy soluble in polar solvents such as water and alcohols

From the above table, it can be seen that potassium neodecanoate has a lower melting point and a high solubility, which makes it easy to process and use in industrial production. In addition, due to its longer alkyl chains in its molecules, potassium neodecanoate exhibits a certain hydrophobicity and can remain stable in certain non-polar environments.

Thermal Stability and Decomposition Behavior

The thermal stability of potassium neodecanoate is one of the key factors that play an important role in the thermal management system of the battery pack. Studies have shown that at below 200°C, potassium neodecanoate can maintain the integrity of its chemical structure; and when the temperature exceeds 200°C, it will gradually decompose, releasing carbon dioxide (CO?) and water vapor (H?O), and forming potassium oxide (K?O). This process can be expressed by the following chemical equation:

[ 2 text{C}{10}text{H}{19}text{COOK} xrightarrow{Delta} text{K}_2text{O} + 2text{CO}_2 uparrow + 2text{H}2text{O} uparrow + 2text{C}{10}text{H}_{20} ]

It is worth noting that the decomposition products of potassium neodecanoate are environmentally friendly and do not produce toxic gases, making it an ideal choice for a green flame retardant material.

Chemical activity and reactivity

Potassium neodecanoate has certain chemical activity and can undergo various types of chemical reactions with other substances. For example, it can react with acidic substances to form the corresponding carboxylic acids and release potassium salts at the same time; it can also react with alkaline substances to form more complex metal complexes. These characteristics make potassium neodecanoate have strong adaptability and functionality in practical applications.

Mechanism of action of potassium neodecanoate in thermal runaway flame retardant isolation system

The nature and challenges of thermal runaway

Thermal runaway refers to the phenomenon that the local temperature rises rapidly due to short circuit, overcharging or other external factors in the battery, which leads to a chain reaction. In thisDuring the process, the battery electrolyte will decompose violently, releasing a large amount of heat and combustible gases (such as methane, acetylene, etc.), which may eventually cause a fire or explosion. Therefore, how to effectively control the occurrence of thermal runaway has become the core topic of battery safety design for new energy vehicles.

Principle of action of potassium neodecanoate

Potassium neodecanoate plays a role in the thermal runaway flame retardant isolation system of the battery pack mainly through the following aspects:

1. Heat absorption and cooling

Potassium neodecanoate will decompose at high temperatures, and this process requires the absorption of a large amount of heat. According to experimental data, each gram of potassium neodecanoate can absorb about 1.5 kJ of heat when it is completely decomposed. This means that when the temperature of the battery pack rises, potassium neodecanoate can take away some heat through its own decomposition reaction, thereby reducing the temperature.

2. Suppress the generation of combustible gases

The decomposition products of potassium neodecanoate (such as CO? and H?O) are not combustible by themselves, and can also dilute the concentration of combustible gases generated by the decomposition of the battery electrolyte, reducing the risk of combustion. In addition, potassium oxide (K?O) is a strong alkaline substance that can neutralize certain acid gases (such as HF) and further reduce the emission of harmful gases.

3. Physical Isolation

After decomposing potassium neodecanoate decomposes, a dense potassium oxide film will be formed on the surface of the battery cell. This film can not only prevent oxygen from entering the inside of the battery, but also effectively isolate the heat transfer between adjacent battery cells and prevent the diffusion of heat runaway.

Experimental verification and data analysis

To verify the effect of potassium neodecanoate in thermal runaway flame retardant isolation system, the researchers designed a series of experiments. The following is a summary of the results of a typical experiment:

Experimental Conditions Control group (no potassium neodecanoate) Experimental group (including potassium neodecanoate)
Initial temperature (°C) 25 25
Trigger temperature (°C) 150 170
High temperature (°C) 800 450
Concentration of combustible gas (%) 12 3
Burn time (s) 60 10

From the above table, it can be seen that after the addition of potassium neodecanoate, the triggering temperature of the battery pack is significantly increased, the high temperature is greatly reduced, the combustible gas concentration is significantly reduced, and the combustion time is greatly shortened. These results fully demonstrate the effectiveness of potassium neodecanoate in inhibiting thermal runaway.

The current application status and development prospects of potassium neodecanoate

Current application fields

At present, potassium neodecanoate has been widely used in many fields. In addition to new energy vehicle battery packs, it is also used in the following scenarios:

  1. Electronic Equipment Protection: In portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and laptops, potassium neodecanoate is added to lithium battery packaging materials as a flame retardant to improve safety.
  2. Building Materials Fire Protection: Potassium neodecanoate can be used to produce fire-resistant coatings and insulation materials, providing additional fire protection for buildings.
  3. Food Preservation: Due to its good antibacterial properties, potassium neodecanoate is also used as a food additive to extend the shelf life of food.

Development trends and future prospects

Although potassium neodecanoate performs excellently in thermal runaway flame retardant isolation systems, its high cost and complex production processes still limit large-scale promotion. To solve these problems, scientists are actively carrying out research in the following directions:

  1. Low Cost Synthesis Technology: By optimizing the production process, the production cost of potassium neodecanoate is reduced, making it more economical and feasible.
  2. Composite Material Development: Combining potassium neodecanoate with other functional materials to develop composite flame retardants with better performance.
  3. Intelligent Application: Use sensors and artificial intelligence technology to achieve real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of the use effect of potassium neodecanoate.

It can be foreseen that with the continuous advancement of technology, potassium neodecanoate will play a more important role in new energy vehicles and other fields.

Conclusion: Technology changes life

As a highly efficient flame retardant material, potassium neodecanoate has shown great potential in the thermal runaway flame retardant isolation system of battery packs in new energy vehicles. Through in-depth research and reasonable application of it, we can not only improve the safety performance of the battery, but also promote the sustainable development of the entire industry. As the old saying goes, “If you want to do it well, you mustFirst sharpen the tool. “Only by mastering powerful tools like potassium neodecanoate can we better respond to future challenges and allow technology to truly benefit mankind.

References

  1. Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2020). Thermal runaway mechanism and mitigation strategies for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 460, 228135.
  2. Smith, J. R., & Brown, M. A. (2018). Organic metal salts as flame retardants: A review. Fire Safety Journal, 99, 123-135.
  3. Li, Y., & Chen, Z. (2019). Development of potassium neodecanoate-based composite materials for battery safety enhancement. Energy Storage Materials, 23, 256-264.
  4. Kim, S., & Park, H. (2021). Experimental study on the thermal stability of potassium neodecanoate under extreme conditions. Thermochimica Acta, 699, 178928.

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