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Complex antioxidants: Ideal for a variety of complex formulations, helping to achieve diverse product designs

3月 15th, 2025 News

1. Definition and background of composite antioxidants

In the modern industrial field, the aging problem of materials has always been one of the key factors that restrict product life and performance. Whether it is plastic products, rubber products or polymer materials, they will be affected by various external factors such as oxygen, ultraviolet rays, thermal energy during use, resulting in performance degradation or even failure. This phenomenon is called “oxidative aging”. To solve this problem, scientists have developed a variety of antioxidants and combined different types of antioxidants through compounding technology to form an efficient and versatile solution – composite antioxidants.

1.1 Basic concepts of composite antioxidants

Composite antioxidant is a mixture of two or more antioxidant components designed to enhance antioxidant effects through synergistic effects. It can not only delay the aging process of the material, but also improve the processing performance, mechanical properties and weather resistance of the material. Compared with single antioxidants, composite antioxidants have a wider range of applications and higher cost performance, making them ideal for many complex formulations.

From a chemical point of view, composite antioxidants usually contain the following main ingredients:

  • Free radical capture agents: such as phenolic compounds (BHT, ascorbic acid, etc.), are used to capture free radicals generated in the material and prevent the occurrence of chain reactions.
  • Peroxide decomposition agent: For example, thiodipropionate substances can decompose peroxides in the material to prevent them from further induced oxidation reactions.
  • Metal ion passivator: Such as chelating agents (EDTA, citric acid, etc.), by binding to metal ions, inhibit the oxidation reaction caused by metal catalysis.
  • Auxiliary antioxidants: Such as phosphites, they can enhance the effect of the main antioxidant while reducing volatility and toxicity.

These components cooperate with each other to jointly build a multi-level protection system, allowing composite antioxidants to show excellent performance in various complex environments.

1.2 Development history and market demand

The history of research and development of composite antioxidants can be traced back to the mid-20th century. With the widespread application of polymer materials, people’s requirements for material stability are also increasing. The initial antioxidants are mostly single components, such as phenol compounds, but due to their single function and limitations, it is difficult to meet diverse needs. In order to break through this bottleneck, researchers have begun to try to combine different types of antioxidants in order to obtain better comprehensive performance.

After entering the 21st century, with the increase in global environmental awareness and the increase in demand for high-performance materials, composite antioxidants ushered in a golden period of rapid development.Especially in the fields of automobile manufacturing, electronic appliances, construction and building materials, the demand for composite antioxidants has shown explosive growth. According to statistics, in 2022 alone, the global compound antioxidant market size has exceeded US$3 billion, and it is expected to maintain an average annual growth rate of 5%-7% in the next few years.

1.3 Application scenarios and importance

The application scenarios of composite antioxidants are extremely wide, covering multiple industries such as plastics, rubbers, coatings, and lubricants. For example, in the manufacturing of automotive parts, composite antioxidants can effectively extend the service life of tires, bumpers and other components; in the field of food packaging, it can ensure that packaging materials will not affect food safety due to oxidation during long-term storage; while in the medical device industry, composite antioxidants help maintain product biocompatibility and stability.

In addition, with the promotion of green chemical concepts, low-toxic, harmless, and environmentally friendly composite antioxidants have gradually become the mainstream of the market. This not only reflects the progress of technology, but also reflects the society’s high attention to sustainable development. It can be said that composite antioxidants have become an indispensable part of modern industry, providing strong support for achieving diversified product design.

2. Mechanism and classification of compound antioxidants

To gain a deeper understanding of the magic of compound antioxidants, we need to start with their mechanism of action. Simply put, composite antioxidants prevent or slow down the oxidation process of the material through a series of complex chemical reactions, thus protecting the material from damage. Next, we will discuss its specific mechanism of action in detail and classify it scientifically according to its function.

2.1 Mechanism of action of composite antioxidants

The oxidation process of a material is usually a chain reaction, including three stages: chain initiation, chain propagation and chain termination. Complex antioxidants exert their protective role by intervening in key steps in these phases.

  • chain initiation stage: At this stage, some active molecules (such as hydroperoxides) in the material will decompose under the action of external factors (such as light, heat, and oxygen) to form free radicals. The free radical trapping agents in the composite antioxidants quickly bind to these free radicals, converting them into stable compounds, thereby blocking the starting point of the chain reaction.

  • Channel propagation stage: If the chain initiation cannot be stopped in time, the free radicals will continue to react with other molecules, producing more free radicals, resulting in the chain reaction to continue to spread. At this time, peroxide decomposition agents are on the scene, and they can decompose peroxides into inactive products, thereby interrupting the process of chain propagation.

  • Channel Termination Phase: Even if the first two stages are controlled, there may still be a small amount of uneliminated free radicals. At this time, the auxiliary antioxidant will be sent.In use, they can completely eliminate residual free radicals by synergistically with other antioxidants, ensuring that the entire oxidation process is completely stopped.

It is worth mentioning that the effect of composite antioxidants is not limited to the antioxidant itself, it can also improve its processing performance and the appearance quality of the final product by adjusting the microstructure of the material. For example, some composite antioxidants can reduce the viscosity of the material at high temperatures and make it easier to form; others can reduce defects on the surface of the material and give the product a smoother touch.

2.2 Classification of composite antioxidants

Depending on the function and mode of action, compound antioxidants can be divided into the following categories:

Category Typical Ingredients Main functions
Free Radical Capture Phenol compounds (BHT, ascorbic acid, etc.) Catch free radicals and prevent the propagation of chain reactions
Peroxide decomposition agent Thiodipropionate Decompose peroxides to prevent them from further induced oxidation reactions
Metal ion passivator Chalking agents (EDTA, citric acid, etc.) Binding metal ions, inhibiting oxidation reaction caused by metal catalysis
Auxiliary Antioxidants Phosophites Enhance the effect of the main antioxidant while reducing volatile and toxicity

In addition, there are some special functions of composite antioxidants, such as light stabilizers for UV protection and high temperature resistant antioxidants for extreme environments. These products often require a combination of technologies and processes to achieve good performance.

2.3 Current status of domestic and foreign research

Scholars at home and abroad have achieved remarkable results in the study of composite antioxidants. For example, the Irganox series of composite antioxidants developed by DuPont in the United States are well-known for their excellent stability and environmentally friendly properties; Mitsubishi Chemical in Japan has launched green antioxidants based on natural plant extracts, which are widely favored by consumers. In China, the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences has also made a series of breakthroughs in the field of composite antioxidants in recent years, especially in the international leading position in the research and development of nano-scale composite antioxidants.

However, despite significant technological advances,Antioxidants still face challenges such as how to further improve their efficiency, reduce costs and develop more new products that meet green environmental requirements. These issues will be the focus of future research.

3. Advantages and application examples of composite antioxidants

If composite antioxidants are a key, then their advantage is to open the secret weapon to the door to high-quality product design. Compared with traditional single antioxidants, composite antioxidants have many unparalleled advantages. Let’s analyze them one by one.

3.1 Core advantages of composite antioxidants

  1. Veriodic: Compound antioxidants can solve various problems at the same time, such as both oxidation and UV protection, which not only improves heat resistance and improves processing performance. This “one-stop” solution greatly simplifies formula design and reduces production costs.

  2. Synergy Effect: The mutual cooperation between different components will produce obvious synergies, making the overall performance far exceed the sum of each part. For example, the combination of free radical capture agent and peroxide decomposition agent can significantly improve the antioxidant efficiency and achieve twice the result with half the effort.

  3. Strong adaptability: Due to the use of multiple ingredients, composite antioxidants can adapt to various complex usage environments and harsh conditions. Whether it is engine parts that work under high temperature and high pressure, or refrigerator seals used in low temperature environments, it can work with ease.

  4. Environmental Friendly: With the increasing strictness of environmental regulations, more and more composite antioxidants are made of renewable raw materials or biodegradable materials, greatly reducing the negative impact on the environment.

3.2 Typical application case analysis

In order to better understand the practical application value of composite antioxidants, we selected several typical industry cases for in-depth analysis.

Case 1: Automobile tire manufacturing

In the production of automobile tires, rubber materials are prone to oxidation and aging due to long-term exposure to air, resulting in problems such as decreasing strength and deteriorating wear resistance. By adding composite antioxidants, not only can this process be effectively delayed, but the flexibility and elasticity of the rubber can also be improved. A well-known tire manufacturer introduced a new composite antioxidant into its high-end product line, and the results showed that the product’s service life was extended by nearly 30%, and customer satisfaction was greatly improved.

Case 2: Food packaging materials

For the food packaging industry, safety is always the primary consideration. Traditional antioxidantAgents may migrate to food, posing potential health risks. Compound antioxidants successfully solved this problem by optimizing the formula and selecting low mobility ingredients. For example, a European company developed a composite antioxidant specifically used in polyethylene films. It has been tested and proved that its migration volume is less than one thousandth of the EU standard limit, winning wide recognition from the market.

Case 3: Medical device coating

In the field of medical devices, compound antioxidants also play an important role. For example, coating a polymer film containing composite antioxidants on the surface of an artificial joint can significantly improve its biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. An American medical device company used this technology to extend the service life of artificial hips from the original 10 years to more than 20 years, bringing good news to patients.

IV. Technical parameters and selection guide for composite antioxidants

For engineers and technicians, it is crucial to understand the specific technical parameters of composite antioxidants. Only by mastering this data can you make an optimal choice in practical applications. The following are several key indicators and their reference values:

Parameter name Unit Typical Range Remarks
Antioxidation efficiency % 85%-99% Indicates the ability to capture free radicals
Thermal Stability °C 200°C-350°C The ability to maintain activity at high temperatures
Processing Flowability Pa·s 0.1-1.0 Influences the fluidity and uniformity of materials during processing
Volatility mg/m³ <10 The lower the better, avoid affecting product quality
Biotoxicity LD50 (mg/kg) >5000 Complied with international safety standards

Of course, the specific selection needs to be combined with actual application scenariosConduct a comprehensive assessment. For example, if the goal is for food contact materials, low mobility and high purity composite antioxidants should be given priority; if it is used in high temperature environments, its thermal stability and durability should be focused on.

5. Future development and prospects of composite antioxidants

With the advancement of technology and changes in social needs, compound antioxidants are developing towards more intelligent, personalized and environmentally friendly. The future composite antioxidants will no longer be limited to simple chemical compounding, but will incorporate more cutting-edge technologies, such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, etc., to achieve higher performance and lower costs.

In addition, artificial intelligence and big data analysis will also provide strong support for the research and development of composite antioxidants. By simulating the performance of different formulas under various conditions, researchers can quickly screen out the best solutions and significantly shorten the development cycle.

In short, as an important part of modern industry, composite antioxidants have unlimited development prospects. Let us wait and see and look forward to more exciting innovations in this field!

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Exploring the stability and durability of composite antioxidants under extreme conditions

3月 15th, 2025 News

Compound antioxidants: Guardian under extreme conditions

On the stage of the chemical industry, antioxidants are like unknown heroes, shouldering the heavy responsibility of protecting materials from oxidation. Compound antioxidants are the super team in this field, which are composed of a variety of antioxidant components with different functions, jointly resisting external invasion. This article will explore the stability and durability of composite antioxidants under extreme conditions in depth, and through scientific data and vivid metaphors, we will learn how this magical substance sticks to its post in harsh environments.

What are compound antioxidants?

Compound antioxidants are not single compounds, but a mixture of carefully proportioned primary antioxidants, auxiliary antioxidants and other functional additives. This design aims to utilize the synergistic effects between the components to improve overall oxidation resistance. For example, primary antioxidants are usually responsible for capturing free radicals and preventing the initiation of oxidation chain reactions; secondary antioxidants may decompose hydroperoxides to prevent them from decomposing and producing new radicals. This way of division of labor and cooperation allows composite antioxidants to work effectively under a variety of conditions.

Component Type Function Description
Main antioxidant Catch free radicals and terminate chain reaction
Auxiliary Antioxidants Decompose hydroperoxides to reduce by-product generation
Other additives Provides additional protection, such as UV absorption, etc.

Challenges under extreme conditions

In practical applications, composite antioxidants often face the test of various extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, strong light, and high humidity. These environmental factors will accelerate the aging process of materials and increase the requirements for antioxidant properties.

High temperature environment

High temperatures are a major enemy of compound antioxidants. As the temperature increases, molecular movement intensifies and the generation of free radicals accelerates, which requires that antioxidants must have higher activity and stability. Some high-performance composite antioxidants perform well in such environments and can significantly delay the aging rate of materials.

Strong light

Ultraviolet rays are one of the important factors that cause the aging of plastics and other polymers. When used outdoors, composite antioxidants need to work in conjunction with light stabilizers to resist degradation caused by UV. This combination not only protects the physical properties of the material, but also maintains its appearance quality.

High humidity conditions

The presence of moisture can promote the occurrence of certain chemical reactions, thereby accelerating the oxidation of the material. Therefore, the use of complex in humid environmentsIn addition to having good antioxidant resistance, it also needs to have certain waterproof properties.

Scientific basis for stability and durability

To evaluate the performance of composite antioxidants under extreme conditions, scientists conducted a large number of experimental studies. Here are some key parameters and their experimental results:

parameters Description Experimental Results
Thermal Stability The degree of decomposition of antioxidants at high temperatures After continuous treatment of a certain composite antioxidant at 200°C for 48 hours, it still maintains more than 95% of its efficacy
Photostability The ability of antioxidants to fight ultraviolet rays After 1000 hours of simulated sunlight exposure, the color change of sample is less than ?E=3.0
Water resistance Solution or loss rate of antioxidants in water Immersion tests show that the combined antioxidants of specific formulas lose less than 2% in water

Support of domestic and foreign literature

According to a study in Journal of Polymer Science, a novel composite antioxidant exhibits excellent stability under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The study used dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) technology and found that specially treated composite antioxidants can effectively inhibit the thermal oxygen aging of the material even when they exceed the conventional use temperature.

Another domestic study pointed out that by optimizing the formula ratio, the durability of complex antioxidants can be further improved. Through long-term exposure tests, researchers found that the improved composite antioxidant has nearly doubled its service life in outdoor environments.

Analysis of application examples

Composite antioxidants have a wide range of applications, ranging from automotive parts to food packaging to building exterior wall materials, almost everywhere. The following are two specific cases to illustrate its application effect under extreme conditions.

Auto Industry

In modern automobile manufacturing, many components need to withstand high temperatures in the engine compartment and prolonged sun and rain. A composite antioxidant developed specifically for the automotive industry has been proven to provide effective protection for up to ten years under such harsh conditions.

Building Materials

Weather resistance and weather resistance are crucial for composite materials used in building exterior walls. Experiments show that exterior wall coatings with appropriate composite antioxidants can remain unfading for more than five years even in coastal high salt spray areas.Good condition without cracking.

Conclusion

To sum up, composite antioxidants have shown extraordinary stability and durability in the face of various extreme conditions due to their unique component structure and excellent performance characteristics. Whether it is theoretical research or practical application, it has confirmed its importance in extending material life and improving product performance. In the future, with the advancement of science and technology and the growth of demand, compound antioxidants will continue to evolve, bringing more surprises and conveniences to human society. As an old saying goes, “Only by planning ahead can we last forever.” Compound antioxidants are such a guardian who is always ready to protect all aspects of our lives.

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The Secret Weapon of High Performance Polymers: How Complex Antioxidants Enhance their Antioxidant Capacity

3月 15th, 2025 News

The Secret Weapon of High-Performance Polymers: How Complex Antioxidants Enhance their Antioxidant Capacity

Introduction: Why do high-performance polymers need “secret weapons”?

On the stage of materials science, high-performance polymers are undoubtedly a brilliant star. From aerospace to medical devices, from the automotive industry to electronics, they are everywhere. However, these “star materials” are not inherently perfect – the oxidation reaction is like an invisible destroyer, quietly eroding their performance and lifespan. This oxidation process will not only lead to deterioration in mechanical properties and deterioration in appearance, but may also cause safety issues. Therefore, scientists have been looking for a “secret weapon” that can effectively slow down the oxidation process, and composite antioxidants are the leader in this field.

So, what are compound antioxidants? How does it play a role in high-performance polymers? This article will deeply explore the composition, mechanism of action and its impact on polymer performance of composite antioxidants, and combine practical application cases and domestic and foreign literature data to reveal its importance in modern industry. We will also present key parameters in table form to help readers more intuitively understand the advantages and limitations of composite antioxidants. Next, please follow us to explore this world full of chemical mysteries!

Basic concepts and classifications of composite antioxidants

What are compound antioxidants?

Composite antioxidant is a mixture composed of a synergistic effect of multiple single antioxidants, designed to enhance the overall antioxidant properties of the polymer by optimizing the formulation design. Simply put, it is like a “multifunctional team” where each member (i.e., a single antioxidant) has his own strengths, but it can only work well when they work together.

Depending on the function, compound antioxidants can be divided into the following categories:

  1. Main antioxidant
    The main antioxidant is the core member of the composite system and is mainly responsible for capturing free radicals to prevent the occurrence of chain oxidation reactions. Common primary antioxidants include phenolic compounds (such as BHT, hindered phenols) and amine compounds (such as dianiline). They are characterized by efficiency and stability, but may be limited by environmental factors when used alone.

  2. Auxiliary antioxidants
    Auxiliary antioxidants play a role of “logistical support” and are often used to break down peroxides or repair molecular structures damaged by oxidation. Thioesters and phosphites are typical representatives, which can significantly reduce the aging rate of polymers.

  3. Metal ion passivator
    Under certain conditions, trace metal ions catalyze oxidation reactions, resulting in accelerated degradation of the polymer. to this end,Metal ion passivating agents (such as ethylenediaminetetrasalt) are often added to the composite antioxidants to inhibit this adverse effect.

  4. Ultraviolet absorber
    UV light is one of the important causes of luminescent oxidation reactions, and UV absorbers (such as benzotriazoles) can protect the polymer from further damage by shielding UV light.

Synergy Effects of Complex Antioxidants

The key reason why complex antioxidants are better than single antioxidants is their unique synergistic effects. For example, the primary antioxidant can quickly capture free radicals, while the secondary antioxidant can promptly remove by-products; the metal ion passivator ensures that the entire system is not affected by external interference. This multi-pronged approach allows composite antioxidants to maintain polymer stability for longer periods of time.

To illustrate this better, we can use a metaphor: If polymers are compared to a ship sailing in the sea, then the oxidation reaction is a reef hidden underwater. Single antioxidants may repair certain local damage, but composite antioxidants can fully reinforce the hull, making it more robust and durable.

Mechanism of action of composite antioxidants

The essence of oxidation reaction

To understand the mechanism of action of composite antioxidants, we must first understand the basic principles of oxidation reaction. The oxidation process of polymers is usually divided into three stages: initiation, propagation and termination.

  1. Initiation phase
    At this stage, weak bonds in polymer molecules (such as C-H bonds) are attacked by heat, light or oxygen to form free radicals. These free radicals are highly reactive intermediates that lay the foundation for subsequent reactions.

  2. Propagation stage
    Free radicals combine with oxygen to form peroxy radicals, which then react with other polymer molecules to produce more radicals. This chain reaction continues to expand like a snowball, eventually causing the polymer molecules to break or crosslink.

  3. Termination Phase
    When two radicals meet, they bind to each other to form stable molecules, thus ending the oxidation reaction. However, in practical cases, the probability of such natural termination is extremely low, so human intervention is required.

How to intervene in composite antioxidants?

Compound antioxidants interrupt the above oxidation process in the following ways:

  1. Capture free radicals
    The active functional groups (such as phenolic hydroxyl groups) in the main antioxidant can react with free radicals to convert them into relatively stablemolecule. For example, hindered phenolic antioxidants release hydrogen atoms, which bind to free radicals to form alcohol compounds.

  2. Decompose peroxide
    Peroxides are harmful by-products produced during oxidation and may lead to further degradation of the polymer. Auxiliary antioxidants (such as phosphites) decompose peroxides into harmless substances through reduction reactions.

  3. Inhibiting metal catalysis
    Trace metal ions (such as iron and copper) often act as catalysts for oxidation reactions. Metal ion passivators effectively prevent their catalytic behavior by forming complexes with these ions.

  4. Shield UV rays
    UV absorbers can absorb high-energy ultraviolet light and convert it into heat energy to emit it, thereby avoiding the occurrence of photooxidation reactions.

The following is a comparison table of the mechanisms of several common composite antioxidants:

Category Main Ingredients Function Description Applicable scenarios
Main antioxidant Stealed Phenol Catch free radicals and terminate chain reaction Engineering plastics used in high temperature environments
Auxiliary Antioxidants Phostrite Decompose peroxides and reduce by-products Transparent polycarbonate for medical devices
Metal ion passivator Ethylene diamine tetrasalt Passification of metal ions to prevent catalytic oxidation Food Packaging Film
Ultraviolet absorber Benzotriazole Absorb UV rays and reduce photooxidation PVC products for outdoor use

The influence of composite antioxidants on the performance of high-performance polymers

Improving heat resistance and service life

The introduction of composite antioxidants greatly enhances the heat resistance and service life of high-performance polymers. Taking polyamide (PA) as an example, untreated PA is prone to thermal oxidation and degradation at high temperatures, resulting in a significant decline in mechanical properties. However, after adding composite antioxidants, their thermal stability can be improved by more than 30%, and at the same time, useExtend lifespan to twice the original one.

Specific manifestations are:

  • The change in the melt index (MFI) decreases
  • The tensile strength and elongation at break remain high
  • Surface gloss is maintained

Improving Processing Performance

In the polymer processing process, composite antioxidants can also play a role in lubrication and stability. For example, during injection molding, polypropylene (PP) containing the appropriate proportion of composite antioxidants exhibits lower shear stress and higher fluidity, thereby reducing mold wear and improving productivity.

In addition, composite antioxidants can also reduce melt viscosity and make the extrusion process smoother. This is especially important for the production of large and complex components.

Enhanced environmental protection characteristics

As the increasing global attention to environmental protection, the development of green and efficient composite antioxidants has become an industry trend. The new bio-based antioxidants not only have good antioxidant properties, but are also completely degradable and will not cause pollution to the environment. This provides more possibilities for high-performance polymers in the field of sustainable development.

The following is a comparison table of performance of several typical high-performance polymers before and after the addition of composite antioxidants:

Polymer Type parameters Pre-add value Add value Percentage increase (%)
Polyether etherketone (PEEK) Oxidation induction time (min) 12 28 +133
Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) Thermal deformation temperature (°C) 260 300 +15
Polycarbonate (PC) Spreadability (%) 85 92 +8

Analysis of domestic and foreign research progress and application case

Summary of domestic and foreign literature

In recent years, many breakthroughs have been made in the research on compound antioxidants. For example, a study published by American scholar Smith et al. in the journal Polymer Degradation and Stability showed that by optimizing the ratio of primary antioxidants to auxiliary antioxidants, nitric acid can be achieved by optimizing the ratio of primary antioxidants to auxiliary antioxidants.Good regulation of Long 66’s antioxidant properties. The experimental results show that when the mass ratio of the main antioxidant and the auxiliary antioxidant is 3:1, the tensile strength of nylon 66 can still maintain more than 85% of the initial value after continuous aging at 150°C for 100 hours.

In China, Professor Zhang’s team from Tsinghua University proposed a method for preparing composite antioxidants based on nanotechnology. They loaded traditional antioxidants on the surface of silica nanoparticles, successfully solving the problem of easy migration of traditional antioxidants, while greatly improving their dispersion uniformity and long-term effectiveness.

Practical Application Cases

Case 1: Automobile Engine Cover

A well-known automaker uses glass fiber reinforced polypropylene material containing composite antioxidants in the engine cover of its new model. Tests show that the material can maintain excellent dimensional stability and impact resistance under extreme operating conditions (such as long-term exposure to high temperatures of 120°C), far exceeding the performance of traditional materials.

Case 2: Medical device shell

A medical device company has selected polycarbonate with composite antioxidants as the shell material for its high-end CT scanners. Thanks to the excellent performance of the composite antioxidant, the case not only has excellent optical properties, but also has no obvious yellowing during the five-year service life, winning wide praise from customers.

Case 3: Outdoor Billboard

A certain advertising company used composite antioxidant-modified PVC material containing ultraviolet absorbers when making large outdoor billboards. Even after three years of wind and sun exposure, the color of the billboard is still as bright as before, fully demonstrating the strong strength of composite antioxidants in resisting light oxidation.

Conclusion and Outlook

Through the detailed discussion in this article, we can clearly see the huge role of composite antioxidants in improving the antioxidant capacity of high-performance polymers. Whether it is theoretical research or practical application, its excellent results and wide applicability have been fully verified.

However, the development path of composite antioxidants has not stopped here. In the future, with the continuous progress of emerging fields such as nanotechnology and smart materials, composite antioxidants are expected to show more novel functions. For example, developing composite antioxidants with self-healing capabilities may revolutionize our perception of polymer aging.

In short, composite antioxidants are not only the “secret weapon” of high-performance polymers, but also an important driving force for the development of materials science. Let us look forward to more exciting discoveries in this field together!

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