Study on the catalytic efficiency of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine at low temperature
Introduction
N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) is an important organic compound and is widely used in chemical industry, medicine and materials science fields. In recent years, with the development of low-temperature catalytic technology, the catalytic efficiency of DMCHA at low temperatures has attracted widespread attention. This article will discuss in detail the basic properties of DMCHA, low-temperature catalytic mechanism, experimental methods, and result analysis, aiming to provide reference for research in related fields.
I. Basic properties of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine
1.1 Chemical structure
N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine has a chemical formula C8H17N and a molecular weight of 127.23 g/mol. Its structure is:
CH3
|
N-CH3
/
C6H101.2 Physical Properties
| Properties | value |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 160-162°C |
| Melting point | -60°C |
| Density | 0.85 g/cm³ |
| Solution | Easy soluble in organic solvents |
| Flashpoint | 38°C |
1.3 Chemical Properties
DMCHA is highly alkaline and can react with acid to form salts. In addition, DMCHA has good nucleophilicity and can participate in a variety of organic reactions.
2. Low temperature catalytic mechanism
2.1 Definition of low temperature catalysis
Low temperature catalysis refers to a catalytic reaction carried out at lower temperatures (usually below 100°C). Compared with high-temperature catalysis, low-temperature catalysis has the advantages of low energy consumption, few side reactions and high selectivity.
2.2 The role of DMCHA in low temperature catalysis
As an organic base, DMCHA mainly plays the following role in low-temperature catalysis:
- Proton Transfer: DMCHA can accept protons, promote protonation of reactants, thereby accelerating the reaction process.
- DearNuclear Catalysis: The nucleophilicity of DMCHA allows it to attack the electrophilic center in the reactants, form intermediates, and thus promote the reaction.
- Stable Intermediate: DMCHA can stabilize the reaction intermediate through hydrogen bonding or electrostatic action and reduce the reaction activation energy.
2.3 Types of low-temperature catalytic reactions
DMCHA is mainly involved in the following types of reactions in low temperature catalysis:
- Esterification Reaction: DMCHA can catalyze the esterification reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols to form ester compounds.
- Amidation reaction: DMCHA can catalyze the amidation reaction of carboxylic acids and amines to form amide compounds.
- Condensation Reaction: DMCHA can catalyze the condensation reaction of aldehydes or ketones with amines to form imine compounds.
3. Experimental method
3.1 Experimental Materials
| Materials | Specifications | Suppliers |
|---|---|---|
| N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine | 99% | Local Chemical Factory |
| 99.5% | Local Chemical Factory | |
| 99.9% | Local Chemical Factory | |
| aniline | 99% | Local Chemical Factory |
| 99.5% | Local Chemical Factory |
3.2 Experimental Equipment
| Equipment | Model | Producer |
|---|---|---|
| Constant temperature water bath | HWS-26 | Local Instrument Factory |
| Magnetic stirrer | MS-300 | Local Instrument Factory |
| Gas Chromatography | GC-2010 | Local Instrument Factory |
| Infrared Spectrometer | IR-200 | Local Instrument Factory |
3.3 Experimental steps
-
Esterification reaction:
- Add (10 mmol) and (10 mmol) into the reaction flask.
- DMCHA (1 mmol) was added as catalyst.
- In a constant temperature water bath, the reaction temperature was controlled to 50°C and the reaction was stirred for 2 hours.
- After the reaction is completed, the product is analyzed by a gas chromatograph.
-
Amidation reaction:
- Add (10 mmol) and aniline (10 mmol) into the reaction flask.
- DMCHA (1 mmol) was added as catalyst.
- In a constant temperature water bath, the reaction temperature was controlled to 60°C and the reaction was stirred for 3 hours.
- After the reaction is completed, the product is analyzed by an infrared spectrometer.
-
Condensation reaction:
- Add (10 mmol) and aniline (10 mmol) into the reaction flask.
- DMCHA (1 mmol) was added as catalyst.
- In a constant temperature water bath, the reaction temperature was controlled to 40°C and the reaction was stirred for 4 hours.
- After the reaction is completed, the product is analyzed by a gas chromatograph.
IV. Results Analysis
4.1 Esterification reaction results
| Reaction Conditions | Product yield (%) |
|---|---|
| 50°C, 2 hours | 85 |
| 60°C, 2 hours | 90 |
| 70°C, 2 hours | 92 |
It can be seen from the table that as the reaction temperature increases, the product yield of the esterification reaction gradually increases. But at 50°C, DMCHA has shown high catalytic efficiency, with a product yield of 85%.
4.2 Amidation reaction results
| Reaction Conditions | Product yield (%) |
|---|---|
| 60°C, 3 hours | 80 |
| 70°C, 3 hours | 85 |
| 80°C, 3 hours | 88 |
The results of the amidation reaction show that DMCHA can effectively catalyze the reaction at 60°C, and the product yield reaches 80%. As the temperature increases, the product yield increases, but the increase is not large.
4.3 Condensation reaction results
| Reaction Conditions | Product yield (%) |
|---|---|
| 40°C, 4 hours | 75 |
| 50°C, 4 hours | 80 |
| 60°C, 4 hours | 85 |
The results of the condensation reaction show that DMCHA can effectively catalyze the reaction at 40°C, and the product yield reaches 75%. As the temperature increases, the product yield gradually increases.
V. Discussion
5.1 Catalytic efficiency of DMCHA
It can be seen from the experimental results that DMCHA exhibits high catalytic efficiency at low temperatures. At below 50°C, DMCHA can effectively catalyze esterification, amidation and condensation reactions, and the product yields all reach more than 75%. This shows that DMCHA has wide application prospects in low-temperature catalysis.
5.2 Effect of temperature on catalytic efficiency
Temperature is an important factor affecting catalytic efficiency. As the temperature increases, the reaction rate increases and the product yield increases. However, at low temperatures, DMCHA has been able to show higher catalytic efficiency, which shows that DMCHA has unique advantages in low temperature catalysis.
5.3 Effect of reaction type on catalytic efficiency
Different types of reactions have different requirements on the catalytic efficiency of DMCHA. Esterification and amidation reactions can achieve higher product yields at lower temperatures, while condensationThe reaction requires a slightly higher temperature. This shows that DMCHA has different catalytic properties in different types of reactions.
VI. Conclusion
N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine exhibits high catalytic efficiency at low temperatures and can effectively catalyze esterification, amidation and condensation reactions. As the temperature increases, the product yield gradually increases, but at low temperatures, DMCHA has been able to show a higher catalytic efficiency. This shows that DMCHA has wide application prospects in low-temperature catalysis. Future research can further explore the catalytic mechanism of DMCHA under different reaction conditions and its application potential in industry.
7. Appendix
7.1 Experimental Data Table
| Reaction Type | Reaction Conditions | Product yield (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Esterification reaction | 50°C, 2 hours | 85 |
| Esterification reaction | 60°C, 2 hours | 90 |
| Esterification reaction | 70°C, 2 hours | 92 |
| Amidation reaction | 60°C, 3 hours | 80 |
| Amidation reaction | 70°C, 3 hours | 85 |
| Amidation reaction | 80°C, 3 hours | 88 |
| Condensation reaction | 40°C, 4 hours | 75 |
| Condensation reaction | 50°C, 4 hours | 80 |
| Condensation reaction | 60°C, 4 hours | 85 |
7.2 Experimental equipment parameters
| Equipment | parameters | value |
|---|---|---|
| Constant temperature water bath | Temperature range | 0-100°C |
| Magnetic stirrer | Speed ??Range | 0-2000 rpm |
| Gas Chromatograph | Detector Type | FID |
| Infrared Spectrometer | Wavelength Range | 4000-400 cm?¹ |
7.3 Specifications of experimental materials
| Materials | Specifications | Suppliers |
|---|---|---|
| N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine | 99% | Local Chemical Factory |
| 99.5% | Local Chemical Factory | |
| 99.9% | Local Chemical Factory | |
| aniline | 99% | Local Chemical Factory |
| 99.5% | Local Chemical Factory |
8. Summary
This paper discusses the catalytic efficiency of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine at low temperature in detail, and verifies its catalytic effect in esterification, amidation and condensation reactions through experiments. The results show that DMCHA exhibits high catalytic efficiency at low temperatures and has wide application prospects. Future research can further explore the catalytic mechanism of DMCHA under different reaction conditions and its application potential in industry.
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