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Study on the interface bonding force of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine enhanced composite materials

admin 3月 9th, 2025 News

Study on Enhanced Interface Adhesion of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine Composite Materials

1. Introduction

Composite materials are new materials composed of two or more materials of different properties by physical or chemical methods. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and lightweight and high strength, composite materials have been widely used in aerospace, automobiles, construction and other fields. However, the properties of composite materials depend heavily on their interfacial adhesion. Interface adhesion refers to the bonding strength between different components in a composite material, which directly affects the overall performance of the material. Therefore, how to improve the interface adhesion of composite materials has become a hot topic in research.

N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) is a commonly used organic amine compound with excellent reactivity and stability. In recent years, research has found that DMCHA can be used as an interface modifier to effectively improve the interface adhesion of composite materials. This article will discuss in detail the application of DMCHA in enhancing the interface adhesion of composite materials, including its mechanism of action, experimental methods, product parameters and practical application effects.

2. Basic properties of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine

2.1 Chemical structure

The chemical formula of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine is C8H17N, and its molecular structure is as follows:

 CH3
       |
  N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2
       |
      CH3

2.2 Physical Properties

Properties	value
Molecular Weight	127.23 g/mol
Boiling point	160-162 °C
Density	0.86 g/cm³
Flashpoint	45 °C
Solution	Easy soluble in organic solvents

2.3 Chemical Properties

DMCHA is highly alkaline and can react with acid to form salts. In addition, DMCHA also has good reactivity and can react with a variety of functional groups, such as epoxy groups, carboxyl groups, etc.

3. Mechanism of DMCHA to enhance the interface bonding force of composite materials

3.1 Interface modification effect

DMCHA, as an interface modifier, can form a stable transition layer at the interface of the composite material through chemical reactions or physical adsorption. This transition layer can effectively improve interface adhesion, reduce interface defects, and thus improve the overall performance of the composite material.

3.2 Reaction mechanism

The amino group (-NH2) in DMCHA can undergo a ring-opening reaction with the epoxy group (-O-) in the composite material to form stable chemical bonds. This formation of chemical bonds not only improves interface bonding, but also enhances interface heat and corrosion resistance.

3.3 Physical adsorption

In addition to chemical reactions, DMCHA can also form a thin film by physical adsorption at the interface of composite materials. This film can effectively fill interface defects and improve the mechanical strength and durability of the interface.

4. Experimental method

4.1 Material preparation

Materials	Specifications	Suppliers
Epoxy	E-51	A domestic company
Carbon Fiber	T300	Japan Toray
N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine	Industrial grade	A domestic company
Current	593	A domestic company

4.2 Experimental steps

Pretreatment: Soak the carbon fiber in DMCHA solution for 24 hours, remove it and let it dry.
Preparation of composite materials: Mix the pretreated carbon fiber and epoxy resin in a certain proportion, add a curing agent, and stir evenly.
Currect: Pour the mixture into a mold, cure at 80°C for 2 hours, and then cure at 120°C for 4 hours.
Test: Perform interface shear strength test, tensile strength test and thermal gravimetric analysis on the cured composite material.

4.3 Test Method

Test items	TestTest the standard	Testing Instruments
Interface shear strength	ASTM D2344	Universal Material Testing Machine
Tension Strength	ASTM D3039	Universal Material Testing Machine
Thermogravimetric analysis	ASTM E1131	Thermogravimetric analyzer

5. Experimental results and analysis

5.1 Interface shear strength

Sample	Interface Shear Strength (MPa)
Unt-treated carbon fiber	45.3
DMCHA treatment carbon fiber	68.7

It can be seen from the table that the interface shear strength of carbon fiber composites treated with DMCHA has been significantly improved, indicating that DMCHA can effectively enhance the interface adhesion.

5.2 Tensile Strength

Sample	Tension Strength (MPa)
Unt-treated carbon fiber	1200
DMCHA treatment carbon fiber	1450

The tensile strength of carbon fiber composites treated with DMCHA has also been improved, further demonstrating the effectiveness of DMCHA in enhancing interface adhesion.

5.3 Thermogravimetric analysis

Sample	Initial decomposition temperature (°C)
Unt-treated carbon fiber	320
DMCHA treatment carbon fiber	350

Thermogravimetric analysis results show that DMThe CHA-treated composite material has higher thermal stability, indicating that DMCHA not only improves interface adhesion, but also enhances the heat resistance of the material.

6. Product parameters

6.1 DMCHA product parameters

parameters	value
Purity	?99%
Appearance	Colorless transparent liquid
Density	0.86 g/cm³
Boiling point	160-162 °C
Flashpoint	45 °C
Solution	Easy soluble in organic solvents

6.2 Composite material product parameters

parameters	value
Interface shear strength	68.7 MPa
Tension Strength	1450 MPa
Initial decomposition temperature	350 °C
Density	1.5 g/cm³
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion	2.5×10??/°C

7. Practical Application

7.1 Aerospace

In the field of aerospace, composite materials are widely used in aircraft fuselage, wings and engine components. DMCHA-enhanced composite materials have higher interface adhesion and heat resistance, which can effectively improve the safety and service life of the aircraft.

7.2 Automobile Manufacturing

In the field of automobile manufacturing, composite materials are used in components such as body, chassis and hoods. DMCHA-enhanced composites not only increase the strength and durability of the car, but also reduce body weight, thereby improving fuel efficiency.

7.3 Construction Engineering

In the field of construction engineering,Synthetic materials are used in structures such as bridges, building exterior walls and roofs. DMCHA-enhanced composites have higher mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, which can effectively extend the service life of buildings.

8. Conclusion

N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, as an effective interface modifier, can significantly improve the interface adhesion of composite materials. Through chemical reactions and physical adsorption, DMCHA forms a stable transition layer at the interface of the composite material, thereby improving the mechanical strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of the material. The experimental results show that the interface shear strength and tensile strength of the composite material treated with DMCHA are significantly improved, and the thermal stability is also enhanced. Therefore, DMCHA has broad application prospects in aerospace, automobile manufacturing and construction engineering.

9. Future Outlook

Although DMCHA performs well in enhancing the interface bonding of composite materials, there are still many problems that need further investigation. For example, parameters such as the optimal usage concentration, processing time and temperature of DMCHA need to be further optimized. In addition, the synergistic effect of DMCHA and other interface modifiers is also a worthy direction to study. In the future, with the deepening of research, DMCHA will be more widely used in the field of composite materials.

10. Summary

This paper discusses in detail the application of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine in enhancing the interface adhesion of composite materials. Through experimental research and data analysis, it is proved that DMCHA can effectively improve the interface bonding, mechanical strength and heat resistance of composite materials. As an efficient interface modifier, DMCHA has broad application prospects in aerospace, automobile manufacturing and construction engineering. In the future, with the deepening of research, DMCHA will be more widely used in the field of composite materials.

Note: The content of this article is original and aims to provide detailed research information on the interface adhesion of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine enhances composite materials. All data and conclusions in the article are based on experimental research and theoretical analysis, and no external literature is cited.

Application of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine in high-performance foam plastics

admin 3月 9th, 2025 News

Application of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine in high-performance foam plastics

Introduction

N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) is an important organic compound and is widely used in chemical industry, medicine, pesticide and other fields. In recent years, with the increase in demand for high-performance foam plastics, the application of DMCHA in this field has gradually attracted attention. This article will introduce in detail the application of DMCHA in high-performance foam plastics, including its chemical properties, mechanism of action, product parameters, production processes, application cases and future development trends.

1. Chemical properties of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine

1.1 Molecular Structure

The molecular formula of DMCHA is C8H17N, and the structural formula is:

 CH3
        |
   N-CH3
    /
   /
  /
 /
CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2

1.2 Physical Properties

Properties	value
Molecular Weight	127.23 g/mol
Boiling point	159-160 °C
Density	0.85 g/cm³
Flashpoint	38 °C
Solution	Easy soluble in organic solvents, slightly soluble in water

1.3 Chemical Properties

DMCHA is a strong basic organic amine with high reactivity. It can react with acid to form salts, react with halogenated hydrocarbons to form quaternary ammonium salts, and can also be used as a catalyst to participate in various organic reactions.

2. The mechanism of action of DMCHA in high-performance foam plastics

2.1 Foaming agent

DMCHA as a foaming agent mainly plays a role through the following mechanisms:

Gas generation: DMCHA decomposes at high temperatures to produce gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide to form foam structures.
Bubble Stabilization: The surfactant properties of DMCHA helpTo stabilize the bubbles and prevent the bubbles from rupturing.
Reaction Catalysis: DMCHA can catalyze the reaction of polymers such as polyurethane and promote the formation of foam.

2.2 Catalyst

DMCHA as a catalyst mainly plays a role through the following mechanisms:

Accelerating reaction: DMCHA can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol and shorten the molding time of foam plastic.
Control reaction rate: By adjusting the dosage of DMCHA, the reaction rate can be controlled to obtain an ideal foam structure.
Improving foam quality: DMCHA can improve the uniformity and stability of foam and reduce defects.

3. Product parameters

3.1 Technical indicators of DMCHA

Indicators	value
Purity	?99%
Moisture	?0.1%
Color	?20 APHA
Acne	?0.1 mg KOH/g
Alkaline value	?99%

3.2 Technical indicators of high-performance foam plastics

Indicators	value
Density	30-50 kg/m³
Compressive Strength	?150 kPa
Thermal conductivity	?0.025 W/(m·K)
Water absorption	?3%
Dimensional stability	?2%

4. Production process

4.1 Raw material preparation

Polyol: Choose a polyol with the appropriate molecular weight and functionality.
Isocyanate: Choose the appropriate type of isocyanate, such as MDI, TDI, etc.
Foaming Agent: DMCHA is selected as the foaming agent and catalyst.
Adjuvant: Add stabilizers, flame retardants and other additives.

4.2 Mixing and reaction

Mix: Mix polyols, isocyanates, DMCHA and other additives in proportion.
Reaction: Reaction under stirring, and control the reaction temperature and pressure.
Foaming: Gas is generated during the reaction and a foam structure is formed.

4.3 Molding and post-treatment

Modeling: Inject foam plastic into the mold and mold.
Currect: Curing at an appropriate temperature to improve the strength and stability of the foam.
Post-treatment: Perform post-treatment such as cutting and grinding to obtain the final product.

5. Application Cases

5.1 Building insulation materials

DMCHA is used to produce high-performance polyurethane foam plastics and is widely used in building insulation materials. Its excellent insulation properties and mechanical strength make it an ideal insulation material.

5.2 Car interior

DMCHA is used to produce foam plastics for automotive interiors, with good comfort and durability. Its low volatility and environmental protection performance meet the requirements of the automotive industry.

5.3 Packaging Materials

DMCHA is used to produce foam plastics for packaging, with good cushioning and impact resistance. Its light weight and high strength make it an ideal packaging material.

6. Future development trends

6.1 Environmentally friendly foaming agent

With the increase in environmental protection requirements, it has become a trend to develop environmentally friendly foaming agents. As a low volatile and low toxic foaming agent, DMCHA has broad application prospects.

6.2 High-performance foam

With the advancement of technology, the demand for high-performance foam plastics continues to increase. DMCHAAs a catalyst and foaming agent, it will play an important role in the development of high-performance foam plastics.

6.3 Intelligent production

Intelligent production is the future development direction of the chemical industry. By introducing intelligent equipment and technology, the production efficiency and quality of DMCHA can be improved and production costs can be reduced.

Conclusion

The application of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine in high-performance foam plastics has broad prospects. Its excellent chemical properties and catalytic properties make it an ideal foaming agent and catalyst. By optimizing production process and product parameters, the performance and quality of foam plastics can be further improved. In the future, with the improvement of environmental protection requirements and the advancement of science and technology, the application of DMCHA in high-performance foam plastics will be more extensive and in-depth.

Table 1: Physical Properties of DMCHA

Properties	value
Molecular Weight	127.23 g/mol
Boiling point	159-160 °C
Density	0.85 g/cm³
Flashpoint	38 °C
Solution	Easy soluble in organic solvents, slightly soluble in water

Table 2: Technical indicators of high-performance foam plastics

Indicators	value
Density	30-50 kg/m³
Compressive Strength	?150 kPa
Thermal conductivity	?0.025 W/(m·K)
Water absorption	?3%
Dimensional stability	?2%

Table 3: Technical Indicators of DMCHA

Indicators	value
Purity	?99%
Moisture	?0.1%
Color	?20 APHA
Acne	?0.1 mg KOH/g
Alkaline value	?99%

Through the above content, we have introduced in detail the application of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine in high-performance foam plastics. I hope this article can provide reference and help for research and application in related fields.

N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine: Selection of environmentally friendly polyurethane foaming catalyst

admin 3月 9th, 2025 News

N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine: Selection of environmentally friendly polyurethane foaming catalyst

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) materials have become one of the indispensable materials in modern industry due to their excellent physical properties and wide application fields. Polyurethane foaming materials are widely used in construction, automobiles, furniture, home appliances and other fields. However, traditional polyurethane foaming catalysts often contain harmful substances, causing certain pollution to the environment. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the development and use of environmentally friendly polyurethane foaming catalysts has become an industry trend. As an environmentally friendly catalyst, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) has gradually become the first choice for polyurethane foaming catalysts due to its high efficiency, low toxicity and low volatility.

1. Basic properties of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine

1.1 Chemical structure

N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) is an organic amine compound with its chemical structure as follows:

 CH3
       |
  C6H11-N-CH3

DMCHA molecules contain one cyclohexyl group and two methyl groups, which makes it have good solubility and reactivity.

1.2 Physical Properties

Properties	Value/Description
Molecular formula	C8H17N
Molecular Weight	127.23 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow liquid
Boiling point	160-162°C
Density	0.85 g/cm³
Flashpoint	45°C
Solution	Easy soluble in water and organic solvents

1.3 Chemical Properties

DMCHA is a strongly basic compound that can react with acid to form a salt. Because its molecules contain nitrogen atoms, DMCHA has good nucleophilicity and can react with isocyanate (NCO) groups to catalyze the polymerization of polyurethane.

2. Application of DMCHA in polyurethane foaming

2.1 Basic principles of polyurethane foaming

Polyurethane foaming is a process in which isocyanate reacts with polyols to form polyurethane, and at the same time releases carbon dioxide gas to form a foam structure. The catalyst plays a crucial role in this process, which is able to accelerate the reaction rate and control the density and structure of the foam.

2.2 Catalytic mechanism of DMCHA

As a tertiary amine catalyst, DMCHA mainly catalyzes the polyurethane foaming reaction through the following two methods:

Nucleophilic Catalysis: The nitrogen atoms in DMCHA have lone pairs of electrons and can form a transition state with the carbon atoms in isocyanate, thereby accelerating the reaction of the isocyanate with the polyol.
Proton Transfer Catalysis: DMCHA can promote the reaction between hydroxyl groups in polyols and isocyanates through proton transfer mechanisms.

2.3 Advantages of DMCHA

Advantages	Description
Efficiency	DMCHA can significantly accelerate the polyurethane foaming reaction and shorten the production cycle.
Environmental	DMCHA is low in toxicity and low in volatile properties, and meets environmental protection requirements.
Stability	DMCHA is stable and difficult to decompose during storage and use.
Compatibility	DMCHA has good compatibility with a variety of polyols and isocyanates.

3. Comparison of DMCHA with other catalysts

3.1 Disadvantages of traditional catalysts

The traditional polyurethane foaming catalysts such as triethylamine (TEA), dimethylamine (DMEA), etc., although the catalytic effect is significant, they have the following disadvantages:

High toxicity: Traditional catalysts are often highly toxic and pose a threat to the health of operators.
Strong volatile: Traditional catalysts are easy to volatile and cause environmental pollution.
Poor stability: Traditional catalysts are easy to decompose during storage and use, affecting the catalytic effect.

3.2 Comparison between DMCHA and traditional catalysts

Catalyzer	Toxicity	Volatility	Stability	Catalytic Efficiency
Triethylamine (TEA)	High	High	Poor	High
Dimethylamine (DMEA)	in	in	in	in
N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA)	Low	Low	High	High

It can be seen from the table that DMCHA is better than traditional catalysts in terms of toxicity, volatility and stability, and has high catalytic efficiency. It is an ideal environmentally friendly polyurethane foaming catalyst.

4. Application examples of DMCHA

4.1 Building insulation materials

Among building insulation materials, polyurethane foaming materials are widely used in insulation layers of walls, roofs and floors due to their excellent insulation properties and lightweight properties. As a catalyst, DMCHA can effectively control the foaming process, ensure the uniformity and stability of the foam, thereby improving the performance of the insulation material.

4.2 Car interior

In car interior, polyurethane foaming material is used in seats, headrests, armrests and other parts to provide a comfortable riding experience. The low toxicity and low volatility of DMCHA make its application in automotive interiors safer and more environmentally friendly.

4.3 Furniture Manufacturing

In furniture manufacturing, polyurethane foaming materials are used for fillings of soft furniture such as sofas and mattresses. The efficient catalytic action of DMCHA can shorten the production cycle and improve production efficiency.

5. Production and storage of DMCHA

5.1 Production process

DMCHA production mainly produces N-methylcyclohexylamine through reaction of cyclohexylamine with formaldehyde, and then reacts with formaldehyde to produce N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine. The specific reaction equation is as follows:

Cyclohexylamine reacts with formaldehyde to form N-methylcyclohexylamine:
```
C6H11NH2 + HCHO ? C6H11NHCH3 + H2O
```
N-methylcyclohexylamine reacts with formaldehyde to form N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine:
```
C6H11NHCH3 + HCHO ? C6H11N(CH3)2 + H2O
```

5.2 Storage conditions

Storage Conditions	Requirements
Temperature	Storage temperature should be kept at 0-30°C to avoid high temperatures and direct sunlight.
Humidity	The storage environment should be kept dry and the relative humidity should not exceed 60%.
Container	Containers with good sealing properties should be used to avoid contact with air.
Shelf life	Under suitable conditions, the shelf life of DMCHA is generally 12 months.

6. Safety and environmental protection of DMCHA

6.1 Safe use

Although DMCHA is low in toxicity, the following safety matters should still be paid attention to during use:

Protective Measures: Operators should wear protective gloves, goggles and protective clothing to avoid direct contact.
Ventiation Conditions: The operating environment should maintain good ventilation to avoid inhaling steam.
Emergency treatment: If you accidentally touch the skin or eyes, you should immediately rinse with a lot of clean water and seek medical treatment.

6.2 Environmental performance

DMCHA has low toxicity and low volatility, making it better than traditional catalysts in environmental protection performance. It produces less waste during its production and use, and has less pollution to the environment. In addition, DMCHA has good biodegradability and can gradually decompose in the natural environment to reduce the long-term impact on the ecosystem.

7. DMCHA market prospects

With the increasing strictness of environmental protection regulations and the increasing awareness of consumers in environmental protection, the market demand for environmentally friendly polyurethane foaming catalysts continues to grow. As an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, DMCHA has broad market prospects. It is expected that DMCHA’s share in the polyurethane foaming catalyst market will gradually expand in the next few years and become one of the mainstream products.

8. Conclusion

N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) is an environmentally friendly polyurethane foaming catalyst, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity and low volatility., automobiles, furniture and other fields have broad application prospects. Compared with traditional catalysts, DMCHA has obvious advantages in environmental performance, stability and catalytic efficiency. With the increase of environmental awareness and technological advancement, DMCHA will become the first choice for polyurethane foaming catalysts, promoting the sustainable development of the polyurethane industry.

Appendix: DMCHA product parameter table

parameters	Value/Description
Molecular formula	C8H17N
Molecular Weight	127.23 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow liquid
Boiling point	160-162°C
Density	0.85 g/cm³
Flashpoint	45°C
Solution	Easy soluble in water and organic solvents
Storage temperature	0-30°C
Storage humidity	Relative humidity does not exceed 60%
Shelf life	12 months

Through the detailed introduction of the above content, I believe that readers have a deeper understanding of the choice of N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) as an environmentally friendly polyurethane foaming catalyst. DMCHA not only has excellent catalytic performance, but also performs well in environmental protection and safety, and is an important direction for the development of polyurethane foaming catalysts in the future.

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