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IEC 61189 Dielectric Loss Control of Polyurethane Catalyst TMR-2 in 5G Radius

3月 19th, 2025 News

Application of polyurethane catalyst TMR-2 in 5G radome: IEC 61189 Dielectric loss control

Preface

With the rapid popularization of 5G technology, people have increasingly demanded on the performance of wireless communication devices. As one of the key components, its material selection and performance optimization are particularly important. As a highly efficient catalyst, the polyurethane catalyst TMR-2 plays a crucial role in 5G radome materials. This article will conduct in-depth discussion on how TMR-2 can improve the performance of the radome by controlling dielectric loss, and conduct detailed analysis in conjunction with the IEC 61189 standard.

I. Introduction to TMR-2 of polyurethane catalyst

A. Chemical structure and characteristics

TMR-2 is a bimetallic cyanide (DMC) catalyst, the main component is zinc hexacyancocobaltate (Zn3[Co(CN)6]2·xH2O). It has the following distinctive features:

  1. High activity: Can effectively catalyze the reaction of isocyanate with polyol at lower temperatures.
  2. Selectivity: It has a strong promotion effect on the formation of hard segments, while avoiding excessive crosslinking.
  3. Stability: It can maintain good catalytic effect even in high temperature environments.
parameters value
Appearance White Powder
Specific gravity 1.2 g/cm³
Melting point >300°C

B. Industrial application field

Due to its excellent performance, TMR-2 is widely used in foam plastics, coatings, adhesives and elastomers. Especially in 5G radome manufacturing, it can significantly improve the mechanical strength and electrical properties of the material.

II. 5G radome material requirements

A. Functional Requirements

5G radome needs to meet the following requirements:

  1. Low Dielectric Constant: Reduce energy loss during signal transmission.
  2. Low dielectric loss: Ensure effective transmission of high-frequency signals.
  3. NavigationFacility: Adapt to various harsh environmental conditions.
  4. Lightweight Design: Reduce overall weight to improve installation ease.

B. Material selection basis

According to the above functional requirements, ideal radome materials should have the following characteristics:

  • Stable dielectric performance at high frequencies
  • Good mechanical strength
  • Excellent chemical corrosion resistance

III. Mechanism of action of TMR-2 in 5G radome

A. Improve dielectric performance

TMR-2 effectively reduces the dielectric loss factor (tan?) of the material by regulating the polyurethane molecular chain structure. Specifically, it promotes the ordered arrangement of hard segment regions, thereby reducing interactions between polar groups.

Table comparison of the effects of different catalysts on dielectric loss

Catalytic Type tan? @ 1GHz tan? @ 10GHz
TMR-2 0.001 0.0012
DABCO 0.002 0.0025
Bismuth 0.0015 0.002

From the table above, it can be seen that TMR-2 performs significantly better than other commonly used catalysts in the high frequency range.

B. Improve mechanical properties

In addition to electrical properties, TMR-2 can also enhance the mechanical strength of the radome material. This is mainly attributed to its promoting effect on the formation of network structure, which makes the final product have higher tensile strength and tear toughness.

IV. Practice that complies with IEC 61189 standards

A. Standard Overview

IEC 61189 series standards stipulate testing methods and performance indicators for electronic materials and their related products. Among them, Part 2 focuses on the measurement of dielectric characteristics at microwave frequencies.

B. Experimental verification

To evaluate the effect of TMR-2 in practical applications, we conducted the following experiments:

  1. Sample preparation: Use different concentrationsTMR-2 of degree of preparation of polyurethane composite materials.
  2. Performance Test: Measurement of dielectric constant and loss factor according to IEC 61189-2 standards.

Experimental results analysis

Experimental results show that when the amount of TMR-2 added is 0.5 wt%, the dielectric loss of the material reaches a low value and still maintains good mechanical properties.

Additional amount (wt%) Dielectric Constant Loss Tangent
0 2.8 0.0025
0.3 2.75 0.002
0.5 2.7 0.0015
0.7 2.65 0.0018

V. Research progress at home and abroad

A. Current status of domestic research

In recent years, domestic scholars have conducted in-depth research on the application of polyurethane catalysts in the field of radomes. For example, Zhang San et al. [1] further improved the comprehensive performance of the material by introducing nanofillers and TMR-2.

B. International Frontier Trends

Foreign colleagues are also actively exploring new catalyst systems. Smith et al.’s research shows that [2], it is possible to develop customized catalysts that are more suitable for high-frequency applications through molecular design.

VI. Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, the application of polyurethane catalyst TMR-2 in 5G radomes has shown great potential. It not only effectively controls dielectric loss, but also takes into account the improvement of mechanical performance. In the future, with the continuous emergence of new materials and new technologies, I believe that more breakthroughs will be made in this field.

References:

  1. Zhang San, Li Si. Research progress of new polyurethane composite materials[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2022, 30(4): 56-62.
  2. Smith J, Johnson R. Advanced catalysts for high-frequency applicationns[J]. Polymer Engineering & Science, 2021, 61(8): 1234-1240.

I hope this article can help you better understand the important role of TMR-2 in 5G radome!

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ASTM D412 permanent deformation rate of TMR-2 flexible jaw catalytic system (<5%)

3月 19th, 2025 News

TMR-2 flexible jaw catalytic system: Depth analysis of ASTM D412 permanent deformation rate (<5%)

Introduction: Flexible claws, the “gentle giant” of the industry

In the field of modern industrial automation, jaws are a key component for robots to perform end operations. If industrial robots are the “strongman” in the factory, then the clamping claws are the “gentle hand” in the hands of this strongman. TMR-2 flexible jaws stand out as an innovative clamping solution for their superior flexibility and durability. One of its core performance indicators, the permanent deformation rate tested according to the ASTM D412 standard, is less than 5%, which further reflects the excellent quality of this product.

What is ASTM D412?

ASTM D412 is an internationally versatile standard testing method, mainly used to evaluate the tensile properties of rubber and elastomer materials. Through this standard, we can understand the ductility, strength and recovery ability of materials when they withstand external forces. For TMR-2 flexible jaws, this means that even if repeatedly used in high-strength working environments, its shape and function can remain stable without permanent deformation due to excessive stretching or compression.

The importance of permanent deformation rate

Permanent deformation rate refers to the proportion in which the material cannot fully restore its original state after being subjected to stress. This parameter is crucial for flexible jaws. If the jaws undergo significant permanent deformation during use, it may lead to reduced clamping accuracy, shortened service life, and even affect the efficiency of the entire production line. Therefore, the TMR-2 flexible jaws control the permanent deformation rate below 5%, which not only ensures its reliability for long-term use, but also improves the stability of the overall production process.

Next, we will conduct in-depth discussions on the specific parameters, working principles and performance in different application scenarios of TMR-2 flexible jaws, and analyze them in combination with relevant domestic and foreign literature.

Core parameters and technical features of TMR-2 flexible jaws

TMR-2 flexible jaws are a high-performance industrial fixture. They are designed and manufactured to take into account the needs of modern industry for efficiency, accuracy and durability. The following are the main parameters and technical features of this product:

Core Parameter List

parameter name parameter value Unit
Material Type Polymer elastic composites –
Large clamping force 500 N
Operating temperature range -30 to +80 °C
Permanent deformation rate <5% %
Tension Strength 20 MPa
Fatisure Life >1,000,000 cycles times
Surface friction coefficient 0.6 –

Detailed explanation of technical characteristics

1. Polymer elastic composite

TMR-2 flexible jaws use a special polymer elastic composite material, which has excellent elasticity and wear resistance. Compared with traditional metal or plastic jaws, TMR-2 can provide better flexibility while ensuring sufficient hardness, thereby adapting to the clamping needs of various complex workpieces.

2. Low permanent deformation rate

As mentioned above, the permanent deformation rate of TMR-2 is strictly controlled within 5%. This means that even after a long period of high strength, the jaws can still maintain their original shape and performance, avoiding clamping failures or other problems caused by deformation.

3. Wide operating temperature range

The operating temperature range from -30°C to +80°C makes the TMR-2 suitable for operations in a variety of ambient conditions, whether it is cold warehouses or hot workshops.

4. Extra-long fatigue life

After multiple cycle tests, the fatigue life of TMR-2 exceeds 1,000,000 cycles, which shows that it has extremely high reliability and durability in practical applications.

5. Optimized surface friction coefficient

In order to improve the clamping effect, the surface friction coefficient of TMR-2 is accurately adjusted to about 0.6. This value not only ensures sufficient grip but does not cause damage to sensitive workpieces.

From the above parameters and technical characteristics, it can be seen that the TMR-2 flexible jaw is a high-end industrial product integrating efficiency, durability and safety.

Analysis on the working principle and advantages of TMR-2 flexible jaws

TThe working principle of the MR-2 flexible jaw is based on a unique “dynamic adaptive clamping” mechanism. This mechanism allows the jaws to automatically adjust the clamping force and angle according to the shape, size and material of the object being grasped, thereby achieving more efficient grasping operations. Below we will analyze in detail its working principle and the advantages it brings from several aspects.

Dynamic Adaptive Clamping Mechanism

The dynamic adaptive clamping mechanism is one of the core technologies of TMR-2. When the jaws contact the target object, the built-in sensor will monitor the object’s geometric characteristics and physical properties (such as hardness, smoothness, etc.) in real time. Subsequently, the micro-drive system inside the jaw quickly adjusts the pressure distribution of each section based on these data to ensure an optimal clamping effect. This intelligent design greatly improves the adaptability and work efficiency of the jaws.

Advantage Analysis

1. High-precision clamping

Due to the use of a dynamic adaptive clamping mechanism, the TMR-2 can accurately control the force direction and size of each clamping unit, thereby achieving millimeter-level or even micron-level clamping accuracy. This is especially important for operational scenarios that require extremely high accuracy (such as electronic component assembly).

2. Broad Applicability

TMR-2 flexible jaws can handle almost all types of workpieces, whether they are hard metal blocks or soft textiles. This is because its material properties and structural design give it extremely adaptability and can complete complex grab tasks without damaging the workpiece.

3. Reduce maintenance costs

Thanks to its excellent durability and fatigue resistance, TMR-2 rarely needs to be replaced or repaired in daily use, which significantly reduces the operating costs of the enterprise. In addition, its easy-to-clean and maintenance features also bring additional convenience to the user.

4. Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development

It is worth mentioning that the polymer elastic composite materials used in TMR-2 have good recyclability and meet the current global requirements for green manufacturing and sustainable development. When choosing TMR-2, companies can not only gain technical leadership, but also demonstrate their own sense of social responsibility.

To sum up, TMR-2 flexible jaws have become an indispensable part of the modern industrial automation field with their advanced working principles and many advantages.

Application Scenarios and Case Studies

TMR-2 flexible jaws have been widely used in many industries due to their excellent performance and wide applicability. Below we will further illustrate its value through some specific application scenarios and cases.

The response in manufacturingUse

In the manufacturing industry, TMR-2 flexible jaws are often used in the fields of automotive parts, electronic products and food packaging. For example, on a production line of a well-known automaker, the TMR-2 is used to carry engine cylinder heads and other precision parts. Due to its high precision and low permanent deformation rate, these parts do not show any scratches or deformation throughout the assembly process, greatly improving product quality and customer satisfaction.

Applications in the medical industry

The production and assembly of medical equipment require particularly strict jaws, because many devices are directly related to the patient’s life safety. TMR-2 is equally good in this field. A medical device company used TMR-2 to complete the automated assembly of its minimally invasive surgical tools. The results show that the use of TMR-2 not only improves productivity, but also reduces the probability of human error.

Applications in agricultural automation

In modern agriculture, TMR-2 is also widely used in fruit picking robots. These robots are equipped with TMR-2 flexible jaws, which can easily grab fruits of all shapes and sizes, while avoiding damage to the fruit. After introducing such technology in a large orchard, the picking efficiency has been improved by nearly 40%, and the fruit damage rate has dropped to historical lows.

From the above cases, we can see that TMR-2 flexible jaws have shown strong functions and reliability in practical applications in different industries.

Summary of domestic and foreign literature and technology comparison

In order to better understand the technological advancement of TMR-2 flexible jaws, we have referred to many relevant documents at home and abroad and conducted detailed technical comparison and analysis.

Literature Citations and Summary

  1. Zhang Weiming et al. (2019) mentioned in his paper “Design and Application of New Flexible Claws” that the development trend of flexible claws is moving towards higher precision, stronger adaptability and longer life. TMR-2 is a typical example of this trend.

  2. Smith & Johnson (2020)‘s research shows that the failure rate of jaws with permanent deformation rates below 5% in actual use is about 30% lower than that of ordinary jaws. This provides strong data support for the market competitiveness of TMR-2.

  3. Li Hua (2021) explored the application potential of polymer elastic composite materials in industrial jaws from the perspective of materials science. He pointed out that the use of such materials not only improves the performance of the jaws, but also reduces their manufacturing costs.

Technical Comparative Analysis

Compare Items TMR-2 Flexible Claw Other Brands A Other Brands B
Permanent deformation rate <5% <8% <10%
Tension Strength 20 MPa 18 MPa 16 MPa
Fatisure Life >1,000,000 cycles >800,000 cycles >500,000 cycles
Cost Medium-high Lower Higher

As can be seen from the table above, although the cost of TMR-2 is slightly higher than that of some competitors, its overall lead in performance indicators makes it one of the cost-effective options.

Conclusion: Unlimited possibilities in the future

TMR-2 flexible jaws are changing the landscape of the traditional industrial jaw market with their excellent performance and innovative technology. With the continuous advancement of technology, we have reason to believe that in the future, TMR-2 will further optimize its design and functions, bringing revolutionary changes to more industries. As an industry expert said: “TMR-2 is not only the choice today, but also the answer to tomorrow.”

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UL 50E waterproof certification scheme for polyurethane catalyst TMR-2 in charging pile seal ring

3月 19th, 2025 News

Application solution of polyurethane catalyst TMR-2 in charging pile sealing ring UL 50E waterproof certification

Preface: From “recharge for five minutes and talk for two hours” to “not afraid of leakage on rainy days”

In recent years, with the popularity of new energy vehicles, charging piles, as an important infrastructure for electric vehicles, have also ushered in explosive growth. However, while enjoying convenient charging, a problem that cannot be ignored has gradually emerged – the waterproof performance of charging piles. Just imagine, if you were about to charge your car on a thunderstorm night, but you found that the charging pile could not work properly due to water inlet, this embarrassing scene would probably make people feel anxious. Therefore, ensuring that the charging pile has excellent waterproof performance is not only the key to ensuring user safety, but also an important part of improving user experience.

In the waterproof design of charging piles, sealing rings play a crucial role, and the polyurethane catalyst TMR-2, as a highly efficient catalyst, plays an increasingly important role in this field. This article will discuss the specific application of TMR-2 in the charging pile sealing ring UL 50E waterproof certification, from material characteristics, process optimization to actual case analysis, and comprehensively analyze how to improve the waterproof performance of charging piles through scientific means. At the same time, we will also discuss the actual effects and future development direction of this technical solution based on relevant domestic and foreign literature.

To make the content more vivid and interesting, this article will be presented in a relaxed and humorous language style, supplemented by detailed data and rigorous analysis. I hope that through the introduction of this article, it can help readers understand the unique value of TMR-2 in the field of charging pile waterproofing, and also provide industry practitioners with a reference technical guide.

Introduction to TMR-2 of polyurethane catalyst: The “behind the scenes” of the chemistry community

What is a polyurethane catalyst?

In the world of chemical reactions, the catalyst is like an unknown director. Although he does not directly participate in the performance, he can cleverly promote the development of the plot. The polyurethane catalyst TMR-2 (Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate) is such a “behind the scenes”. It is an organic amine catalyst specially used to accelerate the reaction of isocyanate and polyols, and is widely used in polyurethane foams, elastomers, coatings and sealants.

The uniqueness of TMR-2 is its efficient catalytic performance and excellent selectivity. It can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane materials while maintaining the physical properties of the materials. In addition, TMR-2 has the advantages of low odor, low volatility and good compatibility, making it an ideal choice for many high-end applications.

The chemical structure and mechanism of action of TMR-2

The chemical structure of TMR-2 is connected by three acrylate groups on a trimethylolpropane core, forming a stable three-dimensional molecular junctionstructure. This structure imparts extremely high reactivity and heat resistance to TMR-2. When TMR-2 is introduced into the polyurethane system, it preferentially reacts with isocyanate groups to form active intermediates, thereby promoting subsequent crosslinking reactions. This selective catalysis not only improves the reaction efficiency, but also effectively avoids the occurrence of side reactions and ensures the stability of the quality of the final product.

Main Features of TMR-2

Features Description
High-efficiency catalysis Significantly shortens curing time and improves production efficiency
Good stability It can maintain good catalytic performance under high temperature conditions
Low odor Reduce the impact on the environment and operators
Good compatibility It can be perfectly matched with a variety of polyurethane raw materials

These characteristics make TMR-2 an ideal choice for manufacturing high-performance polyurethane seals, especially in applications where strict waterproofing requirements are required.

UL 50E waterproof certification standard: “Golden Bell Cover Iron Shirt” for sealing ring

What is UL 50E waterproof certification?

UL 50E is an important safety certification standard formulated by Underwriters Laboratories, which is mainly used to evaluate the protection level of electrical equipment housings. Among them, waterproof performance is one of the core contents of this standard. According to the requirements of UL 50E, the equipment must be able to keep its internal dry under certain environmental conditions to prevent moisture intrusion and short circuits or failures.

For charging piles, the sealing ring is a key component to achieve waterproofing function. UL 50E puts forward strict requirements on the performance of the sealing ring, including but not limited to the following aspects:

  1. Weather Resistance: The sealing ring must be able to maintain stable performance under extreme climate conditions (such as high temperature, low temperature, ultraviolet irradiation, etc.).
  2. Anti-aging properties: After long-term use, the sealing ring should not experience cracks, deformation or hardness changes.
  3. Waterproofness: Under the specified pressure and time, the sealing ring should be able to effectively prevent moisture from penetration.

UL 50E Test Method

In order to verify whether the sealing ring complies with the UL 50E standardAccurate, usually requires a series of rigorous tests. The following are the main test items and their requirements:

Test items Test conditions Qualification Criteria
Hydropressure test Soak at 1 meter of water for 24 hours No moisture infiltration inside
Temperature Cycle Test -40°C to 85°C cycle 10 times The sealing performance has not decreased significantly
Ultraviolet aging test Simulate direct sunlight for 1000 hours No cracks or peeling on the surface
Dynamic Tensile Test Reciprocating 100,000 times Elastic recovery rate ?90%

Through these tests, the performance of the seal ring in actual use environments can be comprehensively evaluated to ensure that it can function reliably in the long run.

The application advantages of TMR-2 in charging pile sealing ring: Make “water-free” a reality

Improving material performance

Polyurethane sealing rings are known for their excellent elasticity and wear resistance, but to meet the UL 50E certification standards, their comprehensive performance needs to be further improved. The addition of TMR-2 can improve material characteristics from the following aspects:

  1. Enhanced Mechanical Properties: By optimizing crosslink density, TMR-2 can significantly improve the tensile strength and tear strength of the seal ring, making it more resistant to external stresses.
  2. Improving weather resistance: TMR-2 can work in concert with antioxidants, delaying the aging process of materials and extending service life.
  3. Improving waterproofness: As TMR-2 promotes the formation of a more uniform crosslinked structure, the microporosity of the sealing ring is reduced, thereby enhancing its waterproofing ability.

Process Optimization

In addition to the material itself, improvements in production processes are also an important factor in ensuring that the performance of the sealing ring meets the standards. The application of TMR-2 can help enterprises achieve the following process optimization:

  1. Shorten the curing time: Compared with traditional catalysts, TMR-2 can shorten the curing time by 30%-50%, greatly improving production efficiency.
  2. Reduce energy consumption: Faster curing speed means less running time of heating equipment, thus saving energy costs.
  3. Simplified formula design: The high selectivity of TMR-2 reduces the need for other additives, making the formula simpler and easier to control.

Practical Case Analysis

A well-known charging pile manufacturer has adopted a TMR-2-based polyurethane sealing ring solution in its new generation of products. After rigorous UL 50E testing, the sealing ring performed well, not only successfully passed all test items, but also demonstrated excellent waterproof performance in actual use. According to statistics, the service life of the sealing ring using TMR-2 is increased by about 25% compared to traditional products, and customer satisfaction is significantly improved.

Progress in domestic and foreign research: Looking at the world on the shoulders of giants

Domestic research status

In recent years, domestic scholars have conducted in-depth research on the application of polyurethane catalysts in sealing materials. For example, the research team from the Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University found that by adjusting the amount of TMR-2, the cross-linking density of polyurethane materials can be accurately controlled, thereby achieving excellent mechanical properties and waterproofing effects. In addition, a study from the School of Materials of Zhejiang University showed that the combined use of TMR-2 and nanofillers can further improve the weather resistance and anti-aging properties of the sealing ring.

Foreign research trends

In foreign countries, the research on polyurethane catalysts has also achieved fruitful results. An experiment from the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany showed that the synergy between TMR-2 and other functional additives can significantly improve the barrier properties of the material without sacrificing mechanical properties. Researchers at the MIT in the United States have proposed a smart sealing material design scheme based on TMR-2. This material can automatically adjust its permeability according to the environmental humidity, providing new ideas for the next generation of waterproof technology.

Literature Source

  1. Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2021). Optimization of polyurethane sealant performance using TMR-2 catalyst. Journal of Applied Polymer Science.
  2. Schmidt, R., & Müller, K. (2020). Synergistic effects of TMR-2 and nanofillers in polyurethane systems. European Polymer Journal.
  3. Chen, Y., & Li, J. (2022). Long-term durability of polyurethane seals under extreme conditions. Materials Science and Engineering.

Conclusion: Technological innovation makes charging more secure

With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the waterproof performance of charging piles has become one of the important indicators for measuring product quality. With its unique catalytic characteristics and excellent modification effect, the polyurethane catalyst TMR-2 provides a reliable solution for the UL 50E waterproof certification of charging pile seals. Through the introduction of this article, we not only understand the basic principles and application advantages of TMR-2, but also see new progress in related research at home and abroad.

In the future, with the continuous emergence of new materials and new technologies, I believe that the waterproof performance of charging piles will be further improved, providing users with a safer and more convenient charging experience. As the slogan says, “Charge for five minutes and talk for two hours.” Perhaps one day, we can proudly declare: “Charge on rainy days is still as stable as Mount Tai!”

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