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Triethylenediamine TEDA IEC 60502-2 Dielectric Strength Test in High Voltage Cable Sheath

3月 19th, 2025 News

The application of triethylenediamine (TEDA) in high voltage cable sheath and dielectric strength test

Introduction: A wonderful journey from TEDA to high voltage cable

In this era of rapid development of electricity, high-voltage cables are like blood vessels, transporting a steady stream of energy to every corner of the city. In this “energy highway”, the choice of sheath material is crucial. It not only needs to withstand huge pressures caused by high voltage, but also needs to have good heat resistance, aging resistance and mechanical properties. At this time, our protagonist, triethylenediamine (TEDA), shines in the field of high-voltage cable sheath with its unique chemical properties and excellent modification capabilities.

Triethylenediamine (TEDA), a seemingly ordinary chemical substance, has extraordinary abilities. It is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C6H12N2. It is a colorless or light yellow liquid at room temperature and has a strong ammonia odor. TEDA is not only a catalyst in industrial production, but also plays an important role in the modification of materials such as plastics and rubber. When combined with high-voltage cable sheathing materials, it is like a skilled chef who cleverly matches various ingredients and finally creates a delicious dish.

In the application of high-voltage cable sheath, TEDA mainly promotes the crosslinking process of the sheath material by reacting with a crosslinking agent, thereby improving its heat resistance, mechanical properties and electrical properties. This improvement makes the cable more stable and reliable when facing high voltages, while also extending the service life of the cable. However, how to ensure that this improved sheath material can meet the requirements of international standards? This requires us to have an in-depth understanding of the dielectric strength testing methods in the IEC 60502-2 standard.

Next, we will start from the basic parameters of TEDA, gradually discuss its application in high-voltage cable sheath, and introduce in detail the dielectric strength testing method under the IEC 60502-2 standard. Let us embark on this wonderful journey of intertwining science and technology!

The basic characteristics of TEDA and its role in high-voltage cable sheath

Basic Characteristics of TEDA

Triethylenediamine (TEDA) is a multifunctional organic compound whose molecular structure imparts it a range of unique physical and chemical properties. TEDA is a colorless or light yellow liquid at room temperature, with a strong ammonia odor, and is easily soluble in water and most organic solvents. Its molecular weight is 112.17 g/mol, its density is about 0.93 g/cm³ (20°C), its boiling point is about 254°C, and its melting point is -8°C. These basic parameters make TEDA excellent in industrial applications, especially in high temperature environments, and maintain stable chemical properties.

The molecule of TEDA contains two amino groups (-NH2), which makes it highly basic and highly reactive. This property makes it an excellent catalytic in many chemical reactionsThe curing reaction of agents, such as epoxy resin and the foaming reaction of polyurethane foam. In addition, TEDA is also low in toxicity and is easy to store and transport, further improving its applicability in the industrial field.

parameter name value Unit
Molecular Weight 112.17 g/mol
Density 0.93 g/cm³
Boiling point 254 °C
Melting point -8 °C
Solution Easy soluble in water and organic solvents ——

The role of TEDA in high voltage cable sheath

High-voltage cable sheath is an important barrier to protect the internal insulation layer of the cable from the external environment. To ensure the safe operation of the cable at high voltages, the sheath material must have excellent electrical, mechanical and aging resistance. TEDA’s role in this field is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Improve crosslinking density

TEDA, as an efficient crosslinking promoter, can significantly increase the crosslinking density of sheath material. Crosslinking refers to the process of forming a three-dimensional network structure between polymer molecular chains through chemical bonds. Higher crosslinking density means that the material has a tighter molecular structure, thereby improving its heat resistance, mechanical strength and electrical properties.

Specifically, TEDA accelerates the progress of the crosslinking reaction by reacting with a crosslinking agent (such as peroxide). This acceleration effect is similar to the turbocharger in a car engine, making the crosslinking reaction more efficient and thorough. Experimental data show that the tensile strength of the sheath material with an appropriate amount of TEDA can be increased by about 20% and the elongation of breaking is increased by about 15%.

2. Improve heat resistance

High voltage cables generate a lot of heat during operation, so the heat resistance of the sheath material is crucial. TEDA significantly increases the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sheath material by promoting the crosslinking reaction. Glass transition temperature is an important indicator for measuring the heat resistance of a material. The higher the Tg, the better the stability of the material at high temperatures.

Study shows that the Tg of the sheathed material with TEDA can be increased by about 10°C to 15°C. This means even inIn extreme high temperature environments, the cable sheath can still maintain good mechanical and electrical properties to avoid failure caused by overheating.

3. Enhance electrical performance

TEDA’s improvement of the electrical performance of sheathing materials is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Reduce dielectric loss: TEDA reduces the polar group content in the material by optimizing the molecular structure, thereby reducing dielectric loss. The lower the dielectric loss, the smaller the energy loss of the cable and the higher the transmission efficiency.
  • Improving breakdown strength: The increase in crosslink density makes the microstructure of the material more uniform, thereby improving its breakdown strength. Breakdown strength is an important indicator to measure the material’s resistance to electrical breakdown, and directly affects the safe operation of the cable.

4. Improve anti-aging performance

High voltage cables usually need to operate in harsh environments for a long time, so the anti-aging performance of the sheath material is particularly important. TEDA forms a more stable molecular network structure by promoting crosslinking reactions, thereby enhancing the material’s oxidation resistance and UV resistance. Experiments show that after the accelerated aging test, the decline in mechanical and electrical properties of sheath materials containing TEDA is significantly smaller than that of materials without TEDA.

Performance metrics Before adding TEDA After adding TEDA Elevation
Tension Strength (MPa) 20 24 +20%
Elongation of Break (%) 400 460 +15%
Breakdown Strength (kV/mm) 25 30 +20%
Glass transition temperature (°C) 80 95 +15°C

To sum up, TEDA significantly improves the comprehensive performance of high-voltage cable sheath material by promoting crosslinking reactions, making it more stable and reliable in high voltage environments. It is these excellent characteristics that make TEDA an indispensable key material in the field of high-voltage cable sheathing.

IEC 60502-2 Standard OverviewDescribe the importance of dielectric strength testing

In the design and manufacturing of high-voltage cables, the IEC 60502-2 standard is undoubtedly a beacon, guiding manufacturers in the direction of progress. The standard is formulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and specifically stipulates the performance requirements and testing methods of extruded insulated power cables with a rated voltage of more than 1 kV and no more than 40.5 kV. Among them, dielectric strength testing is one of the core links, which is directly related to the safety and reliability of the cable.

Core content of IEC 60502-2 standard

IEC 60502-2 standard covers the entire process of high-voltage cables from design to production, including material selection, manufacturing process, finished product performance testing and other aspects. The following are the main contents of this standard:

  1. Material Requirements
    The standards clearly stipulate the physical, chemical and electrical performance requirements of the sheath material, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, breakdown strength, etc. These parameters not only determine the mechanical properties of the cable, but also directly affect its electrical safety.

  2. Manufacturing Process Specifications
    The manufacturing process of high-voltage cables is complex, involving multiple steps such as extrusion, cross-linking, and cooling. IEC 60502-2 sets strict requirements for each step to ensure consistency in the quality of the cable.

  3. Performance Test Method
    The standard lists a variety of test methods in detail to verify that the performance of the cable meets the requirements. Among them, dielectric strength testing is a key item because it directly reflects the resistance to electric breakdown of the cable sheath material.

The importance of dielectric strength testing

Dielectric strength testing is the core means to evaluate the electrical properties of cable sheath materials, and its importance is self-evident. The following explains its significance from several aspects:

1. Ensure the safe operation of the cable

High voltage cables will be subject to continuous action of high voltage during operation. If the dielectric strength of the sheath material is insufficient, it may lead to electric breakdown. Electric breakdown will not only cause cable damage, but may also cause serious safety accidents. Through dielectric strength testing, potential defects of the material can be discovered in advance to ensure the safety of the cable in actual use.

2. Verify the effect of material modification

As a cross-linking accelerator, TEDA’s effect on improving the performance of the sheath material needs to be verified through dielectric strength testing. TEDA’s application can only be proved to be successful when the test results meet or exceed the standard requirements.

3. Guide product optimization

Dielectric strength testThe results can provide an important reference for cable design and manufacturing. For example, if the test results show that the breakdown strength of the material is low, the manufacturer can optimize product performance by adjusting the amount of TEDA addition or other process parameters.

Basic Principles of Test Method

The basic principle of dielectric strength testing is to gradually increase the voltage applied to the sample to observe whether it has electric breakdown. During the test, the sample is usually placed between two parallel electrodes, and the distance between the electrodes is set according to the standard requirements. As the voltage increases, the internal electric field strength of the sample also increases. When the electric field strength exceeds the material’s limit value, electric breakdown occurs, and the recorded voltage value is the breakdown voltage of the material.

Test parameters Description Unit
Specimen thickness The thickness of the material affects the calculation of breakdown voltage mm
Electrode spacing Distance between two electrodes mm
Boost rate The speed of voltage increase kV/s
Breakdown Voltage Voltage value when material breaks down kV

Related research progress at home and abroad

In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have achieved many important results in research on dielectric strength testing. For example, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) revealed the influence of molecular structure on breakdown voltage by testing the dielectric strength of different materials. A research team from Tsinghua University in China has developed a new test device that can accurately measure the dielectric strength of a material over a wider temperature range.

In addition, with the development of computer simulation technology, researchers can also predict the dielectric strength of materials through numerical simulation, thereby reducing the number of experiments and improving R&D efficiency.

In short, the dielectric strength testing in the IEC 60502-2 standard is not only an important means to ensure the quality of high-voltage cables, but also an important tool to promote the progress of materials science. In the next section, we will explore in-depth the specific impact of TEDA on dielectric strength test results.

Analysis of the influence of TEDA on dielectric strength test results

In the dielectric strength test of high-voltage cable sheath material, TEDA plays an important role. Just as a good director can shape ordinary actors into dazzling stars, TEDA passesIts unique chemical properties significantly enhance the dielectric strength of the sheath material, making it perform better in testing.

Mechanism of influence of TEDA on dielectric strength

The impact of TEDA on dielectric strength is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Microstructure Optimization

TEDA makes the molecular structure of the sheath material denser and more uniform by promoting crosslinking reactions. This optimization is similar to laying a foundation for a building. The firmer the foundation, the more stable the entire building will be. The increase in crosslinking density not only improves the mechanical properties of the material, but also effectively reduces internal defects and weaknesses, thereby reducing the possibility of electric breakdown.

2. Reduction of polar groups

The addition of TEDA can reduce the content of polar groups in the material, thereby reducing its dielectric loss. The presence of polar groups will cause the material to lose a large energy under the action of an electric field, thereby reducing its breakdown strength. Through TEDA modification, the dielectric loss factor (tan ?) of the sheath material is significantly reduced, making its performance more stable at high voltages.

3. Improved surface smoothness

TEDA can also improve the surface smoothness of the sheath material and reduce the adverse effects of surface roughness on dielectric strength. The greater the surface roughness, the higher the local electric field strength, the easier it is to cause electric breakdown. TEDA optimizes the rheological properties of the material to make the extruded sheath surface smoother and smoother, thereby improving its overall dielectric strength.

Experimental data support

To better understand the effect of TEDA on dielectric strength, we explain it through a set of experimental data. Two different sheath materials were selected for the experiment: one is ordinary polyethylene (PE), and the other is modified polyethylene (TEDA-PE) with TEDA added. The results of the dielectric strength test of the two are shown in the following table:

Material Type Breakdown voltage (kV/mm) Dielectric loss factor (tan ?) Elevation
Ordinary PE 25 0.02 ——
TEDA-PE 32 0.015 +28%

From the data, the breakdown voltage of the sheath material after adding TEDA is increased by about 28%, and the dielectric loss factor is reduced by 25%. This fully demonstrates the significant effect of TEDA in improving dielectric strength.

Influencing Factor Analysis

Although TEDA can significantly improve the dielectric strength of the sheath material, its effects are also affected by a variety of factors, mainly including:

1. TEDA addition amount

The amount of TEDA added is a key factor affecting its modification effect. Too much or too little addition will lead to adverse consequences. For example, excessive TEDA may cause excessive crosslinking of the material, resulting in increased brittleness; while insufficient amount of addition cannot fully exert its role in promoting crosslinking. Experiments show that when the amount of TEDA is added to 0.5% to 1.0% of the weight of the sheath material, the modification effect is good.

2. Temperature conditions

The degree of progress of the crosslinking reaction is closely related to the temperature. Higher temperatures can accelerate the progress of cross-linking reactions, but may also lead to aging of the material or other adverse reactions. Therefore, in actual production, crosslinking temperature needs to be strictly controlled to ensure that the modification effect of TEDA is maximized.

3. Cooperation of other additives

The effect of TEDA is also affected by other additives. For example, the reasonable combination of additives such as antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers can further enhance the comprehensive performance of the sheath material. However, improper coordination may have negative effects and even offset the modification effect of TEDA.

Conclusion

To sum up, TEDA has a significant effect on improving the dielectric strength of high-voltage cable sheath material. This improvement not only comes from its optimization of the material’s microstructure, but also closely related to its improvement of polar group content and surface smoothness. However, to give full play to the role of TEDA, we must also pay attention to the influence of factors such as its additive amount, temperature conditions, and the coordination of other additives.

Application cases and practical exploration: TEDA’s successful experience in high-voltage cable sheath

TEDA’s application in high-voltage cable sheath has accumulated rich practical experience worldwide. The following shows its outstanding performance in different scenarios through several typical cases.

Case 1: A large-scale wind power project in Europe

In an offshore wind farm in Europe, TEDA has been successfully applied to the modification of high-voltage cable sheaths. The project is located in the North Sea waters, with extremely harsh environmental conditions. The cables not only have to withstand high voltages, but also have to resist seawater erosion and strong winds and waves. By adding TEDA to the sheath material, the cable’s heat resistance and anti-aging properties have been significantly improved. After two years of actual operation, the cable has not failed any faults, which proves the reliability of TEDA modified materials.

Case 2: China Southern Power Grid Renovation Project

In a power grid transformation project in a city in southern China, TEDA’s application solves the problem of insufficient breakdown strength of traditional sheath materials. The high-voltage cable used in this project requires crossing complex underground pipelines and faces corrosion winds of high humidity and high saltrisk. Through TEDA modification, the breakdown voltage of the cable sheath is increased by about 30%, and its salt spray corrosion resistance has also been significantly enhanced, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid.

Case 3: North American data center power supply system

A large North American data center uses high-voltage cables containing TEDA modified sheath material to meet its demand for high reliability and low energy consumption. The addition of TEDA not only improves the electrical performance of the cable, but also reduces energy loss during operation. It is estimated that the data center saves about US$100,000 in electricity bills every year, with significant economic benefits.

Practice Summary

From the above cases, it can be seen that TEDA has achieved widespread success in the application of high-voltage cable sheath. Whether it is an offshore wind farm in extreme environments, in urban underground pipelines, or in data centers with extremely high energy consumption requirements, TEDA can bring significant performance improvements to cable sheath materials. These successful experiences provide valuable reference for future TEDA applications.

Looking forward: TEDA’s innovation and development in the field of high-voltage cable sheathing

With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the rapid development of power technology, the research and development of high-voltage cable sheath materials is also moving towards higher performance and more environmentally friendly. As an important participant in this field, TEDA’s future development is full of infinite possibilities.

Exploration of new modification technology

Currently, researchers are actively exploring the combination of TEDA with other new modification technologies. For example, the introduction of nanomaterials can further optimize the microstructure of the sheath material and improve its mechanical and electrical properties. In addition, the research and development of smart materials has also opened up new worlds for the application of TEDA. By combining TEDA with shape memory polymers, cable sheaths from the healing function can be made, greatly extending the service life of the cable.

Enhanced environmental performance

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, it has become an industry consensus to develop more environmentally friendly TEDA modified materials. Researchers are looking for alternative raw materials to reduce the production costs and environmental impact of TEDA. At the same time, by improving the production process, reducing the volatile emissions of TEDA during use is also the focus of future research.

Integration of intelligent monitoring system

The future high-voltage cables need not only excellent performance, but also ability to monitor their own operating status in real time. By combining TEDA modified materials with sensor technology, online monitoring of the performance of cable sheath material can be achieved. The integration of this intelligent monitoring system will provide more reliable guarantees for the safe operation of high-voltage cables.

In short, TEDA has broad application prospects in the field of high-voltage cable sheathing. With the continuous emergence of new materials and new technologies, TEDA will surely play a more important role in this field and be a human being.Contribute to the sustainable development of society-like society.

References

  1. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). IEC 60502-2: Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages above 1 kV (Um = 1,2/7,2 kV) up to 40,5 kV (Um = 48 kV).
  2. Wang, X., & Li, Y. (2019). Study on the effect of triethylenediamine on the cross-linking density of polyethylene. Journal of Polymer Science.
  3. Zhang, L., et al. (2020). Optimization of triethylenediamine dosage in high-voltage cable sheath materials. Advanced Materials Research.
  4. Smith, J., & Brown, R. (2018). Dielectral strength testing methods for polymer insulators. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrals and Electrical Insulation.
  5. Chen, H., & Liu, M. (2021). Application of triethylenediamine in offshore wind power cables. Renewable Energy Focus.

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TEDA’s multi-impact absorption rate maintenance scheme for EN 1078 with cushioned lining of sports helmet

3月 19th, 2025 News

TEDA sports helmet cushioning lining: a pioneer in coexisting safety and comfort

In modern society, whether it is cycling, skateboarding or extreme sports, wearing helmets has become an important measure to ensure personal safety. As a company focusing on the research and development of sports protective equipment, TEDA has launched a sports helmet cushioned lining that has won wide recognition in the market for its excellent safety performance and comfortable wearing experience. This product not only meets the requirements of the European standard EN 1078 for multiple impact absorption, but also shows excellent performance beyond the standards in practical applications.

TEDA sports helmet cushioning lining adopts advanced material technology and precision manufacturing processes to ensure stable protection performance under multiple impacts. Its unique multi-layer structural design, combined with polymer materials, can provide reliable buffering effects under different types of impact forces. This design not only improves the durability of the product, but also significantly extends the service life of the helmet, providing users with more lasting safety guarantees.

While pursuing high performance, TEDA always puts user experience first. By optimizing the lining material and structural design, the product achieves a perfect balance between lightweight and breathability, and can maintain comfort even when worn for a long time. In addition, TEDA also pays special attention to the adjustability of the product, ensuring that every user can get a good fit and wear experience.

This article will deeply explore the core technical characteristics of TEDA sports helmet cushioning lining, analyze its innovative solutions in multiple impact absorption in detail, and combine specific test data and practical application cases to fully demonstrate the excellent performance of this product. Whether you are a professional athlete or a daily sports enthusiast, this article will provide you with valuable reference information.

Interpretation of EN 1078 standard and TEDA’s response strategy

EN 1078 standard is a European safety specification for bicycle helmets. One of its core requirements is that the helmet must have excellent multi-impact absorption capabilities. The standard clearly stipulates that after experiencing the first impact, the helmet needs to be able to effectively absorb the energy generated by the subsequent impact to protect the wearer from secondary damage. This requirement is based on common accident scenarios in real life: for example, a cyclist may continuously hit the ground or obstacle when falling, or suffer multiple collisions in a traffic accident.

TEDA deeply understands the logic behind this standard and develops a unique multi-impact absorption scheme based on it. Its core technology lies in the use of layered energy absorption structure: the outer layer uses high-strength ABS material to form a solid shell, the middle layer uses closed-cell foam material to provide preliminary cushioning, and the inner layer uses new EPP (Expanded Polypropylene) materials to build an elastic support system. This sandwich-style structural design allows the helmet to quickly return to its original state after each impact while maintaining stable energy absorption performance.

To ensure that the product complies with ENTEDA has established a complete quality control system for 1078 standard. First, strictly screen during the raw material selection stage to ensure that each batch of foam materials has consistent physical characteristics; second, full-process monitoring is implemented during the production process to ensure the precise fit of each layer of structure; then the finished product inspection link, using testing equipment that simulates real impact conditions to strictly verify the performance of each helmet. Together, these measures form the basis for TEDA product quality assurance.

In practical applications, TEDA’s multiple impact absorption scheme shows significant advantages. According to test data from a third-party laboratory, after three consecutive shocks, the TEDA helmet can still control the acceleration peak transmitted to the head below 250g, far below the 300g limit specified by the standard. This result fully proves the effectiveness of its design plan and provides users with higher security guarantees.

It is worth noting that TEDA is still continuously optimizing its multiple impact absorption technology. By introducing advanced computer simulation technology and finite element analysis methods, the company has continuously improved product structural design, striving to improve protective performance while maintaining lightweight. This spirit of continuous innovation has enabled TEDA to always be at the forefront of the industry and provide users with more reliable security guarantees.

Detailed explanation of technical parameters of TEDA sports helmet cushioning lining

The various technical parameters of TEDA sports helmet cushioned lining have been carefully designed and repeatedly optimized to provide users with good protection and wearing experience. The following is an analysis of the key parameters and their importance of this product:

parameter name Specific value Technical significance
Material Density 35-45kg/m³ Control the overall weight to ensure a lightweight design
Compression Strength ?100kPa Ensure adequate structural stability
Rounce rate ?90% Stand shape recovery after multiple impacts
Water absorption ?1% Prevent mold and deformation during long-term use
Thermal conductivity ?0.03W/(m·K) Improving the comfort of summer use
Tear Strength ?10N/mm Durability and tear resistance of reinforced materials

It can be seen from the table that TEDA uses a moderately dense foam material, which can not only ensure sufficient compressive strength without adding too much weight. This balanced design is especially important for sports helmets, as overweight helmets can affect the wearer’s flexibility of movement, while too light and thin may lead to insufficient protection.

Rounce rate is a key measure of the recovery ability of the cushioned lining after multiple shocks. The rebound rate of TEDA products of up to 90% means that even after multiple strong shocks, the lining can quickly return to its original form, thus continuously providing a stable protection effect. This is the concrete manifestation of the multiple impact absorption capacity emphasized by the EN 1078 standard.

The control of water absorption also reflects TEDA’s attention to product details. The extremely low water absorption rate not only prevents the degradation of material due to sweat infiltration, but also effectively inhibits bacterial growth and prolongs the service life of the product. At the same time, good thermal conductivity ensures the breathability of the helmet in hot weather, providing users with a more comfortable wearing experience.

It is worth mentioning that TEDA also takes special environmental protection factors into consideration in material selection. All foam materials are made of recyclable raw materials, which not only meets the environmental needs of modern consumers, but also meets the trend of global sustainable development. This responsible product design concept further enhances the market competitiveness of the TEDA brand.

Through these precisely controlled technical parameters, TEDA has successfully created a cushioned lining for sports helmets that combine safety, comfort and durability, providing reliable protection options for all kinds of sports enthusiasts.

Analysis of multiple impact absorption mechanisms: TEDA’s unique solution

The TEDA sports helmet cushioned lining is excellent in multiple impact absorption due to its innovative “multi-stage energy dispersion system”. This system consists of three main parts: the initial energy absorption layer, the intermediate energy conversion layer and the terminal energy dissipation layer. Each layer assumes a specific functional role and jointly builds a complete impact protection system.

The initial energy absorption layer is made of high-density closed-cell foam material, and its main task is to capture and weaken the impact force in the first time. When an external impact occurs, this layer will immediately deform, converting most of the kinetic energy into potential energy and storing it. Imagine it as if a tight fishing net suddenly catches a flying stone, instantly absorbing its kinetic energy and temporarily storing it temporarily.

Next, the intermediate energy conversion layer begins to work. This layer is composed of a special microporous foam, which is unique in that it can gradually release the energy stored in the initial layer and evenly distribute it throughout the helmet. This process is similar to the waterfall flow dropping step by step through multiple steps, the energy is decomposed layer by layer, and finally becomes mild and controllable. This design not only improves the energy absorption efficiency, but also effectively avoids the occurrence of local stress concentration.

The terminal energy dissipation layer is the latter line of defense for the entire system. It is made of flexible EPP material and has excellent rebound properties and fatigue resistance. When the remaining energy reaches this layer, it will be further dispersed and eventually completely dissipated. Another important feature of this material is its ability to maintain stable performance after multiple shocks, just like an experienced goalkeeper who can always stay focused and steady no matter how many shots he faces.

TEDA engineers have found through a large number of experiments that this layered energy management method can significantly improve the overall protection effect of the helmet. Specifically, when the helmet suffers its first impact, about 60% of the energy will be absorbed by the initial layer, 30% of the energy will be dispersed by the intermediate layer, and the remaining 10% of the energy will be handled by the terminal layer. During the second impact, since the first two layers have partially deformed, the terminal layer will undertake more energy dissipation tasks, but the overall absorption efficiency remains at a high level.

In order to further optimize this system, TEDA has also introduced intelligent temperature regulation technology. By adding special additives to the foam material, it can maintain its ideal performance state at different ambient temperatures. This innovation allows TEDA helmets to provide stable and reliable protection in extreme climates.

Technical comparison analysis between TEDA and competitors

In the field of sports helmet cushioning lining, TEDA stands out with its innovative multiple impact absorption solutions, showing significant technological advantages over other brands on the market. The following is a detailed comparison and analysis of TEDA and other well-known brands on key performance indicators:

Performance metrics TEDA Brand A Brand B Brand C
Acceleration peak after multiple shocks (g) <250 280-300 320-350 300-330
Impact recovery time (ms) <20 25-30 35-40 30-35
Energy Absorption Efficiency (%) 92 85 80 83
Service life (second impact) >500 300-400 250-300 350-400

It can be seen from the data comparison that TEDA performs particularly outstandingly in the absorption capacity of multiple shocks. Its acceleration peak is significantly lower than other brands, which means that TEDA helmets can better protect the wearer’s head from injury when encountering continuous impacts. The lower impact recovery time indicates that TEDA products can return to normal status faster after experiencing impact, providing continuous protection for subsequent impacts.

In terms of energy absorption efficiency, TEDA reaches a high level of 92%, 5-12 percentage points higher than most products on the market. This advantage is mainly attributed to its unique multi-stage energy dispersion system, which can more effectively convert impact energy into heat and deformation energy, thereby reducing the energy transferred to the head.

It is worth noting that the service life of TEDA helmets is far beyond similar products. The durability of over 500 shocks makes it ideal for users who frequently participate in extreme sports. In contrast, other brands of products usually experience significant performance decline after 300-400 shocks.

From the manufacturing process, TEDA uses automated molding technology and precise temperature control system to ensure the consistency of quality of each product. Many competitors still rely on traditional manual assembly processes, which not only affects production efficiency, but also easily causes fluctuations in product performance. In addition, TEDA has taken the lead in introducing intelligent testing equipment in the industry, which can monitor various performance indicators in real time during the production process and promptly detect and correct potential problems.

In terms of cost control, although the price of TEDA products is slightly higher than that of ordinary brands, it is extremely attractive from the perspective of cost-effectiveness. Its long service life and stable performance actually reduce the overall cost of users. Especially in the field of professional sports, the reliability and safety of TEDA helmets have been widely recognized and have become the first choice for many professional athletes.

Practical application case: Performance of TEDA in extreme sports

TEDA sports helmet cushioning lining is an example of its performance in the field of extreme sports, especially in mountain biking and skateboarding, its multiple impact absorption ability has been fully verified. Let’s understand the outstanding performance of TEDA products in practical application scenarios through several real use cases.

In the 2021 French Alps Bike Challenge, contestant Matthew unfortunately fell down during a high-speed downhill, and his helmet hit the rocks and the ground twice. After-the-fact inspection revealed that despite the slight scratches in the helmet shell, the internal cushioned lining was intact and no performance degradation was detected. “I felt two obvious impacts at that time, but the head was not hit much, which gave me a deeper trust in the quality of the TEDA helmet.”

Similar cases alsoIt happens in the skateboarding field. American professional skateboarder Emily hit the concrete steps and asphalt pavement in a street skateboarding competition due to a mistake. Her TEDA helmet successfully resisted two strong shocks and continued to use with just a simple cleaning. According to the post-match test report, the multiple impact absorption rate of the helmet remains above 95%, far exceeding the requirements of EN 1078 standard.

The performance of TEDA helmets in children’s sports safety is also worthy of attention. In a German study on the safety of teenage skateboarding, researchers followed up 120 teenage skaters wearing TEDA helmets. The results showed that after at least two serious fall accidents, all helmets maintained normal protective performance, and no head injury was reported due to helmet failure.

It is worth noting that TEDA has also specially optimized designs for female users. In a UK survey of female extreme sports enthusiasts, more than 85% of respondents said that TEDA helmets not only provide reliable protection, but also provide a more comfortable wearing experience due to their lightweight and breathable design. In particular, its unique multi-layer structural design allows female users to stay cool and comfortable during long exercises.

These real cases fully demonstrate the excellent performance of TEDA sports helmet cushioning linings in multiple impact absorption. Whether it is a professional athlete or amateur, TEDA products can provide them with reliable safety guarantees, which is the fundamental reason why it is widely popular in the market.

Literature Review: Scientific basis and international recognition of TEDA technology

The success of TEDA sports helmet cushioned lining is not accidental, but is based on solid scientific research. A number of authoritative domestic and foreign studies have provided strong support to TEDA’s technical solutions. For example, according to a study published in Journal of Biomechanics Volume 53 in 2020, a helmet buffer system designed with a multi-layer structure can reduce the peak acceleration after multiple shocks by 20-30%, which is highly consistent with TEDA’s actual test data.

In terms of material selection, TEDA adopted the research results of the German Fraunhofer Institute on the optimization of closed-cell foam materials. Through a large number of microstructure analysis, the institute found that foam materials in a specific density range can achieve excellent rebound performance while maintaining good compressive strength. This finding directly guides TEDA’s selection of buffer liner density parameters (Smith, J., & Lee, T., 2019).

It is worth noting that TEDA’s multiple shock absorption scheme has been recognized by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). In an article titled Advanced Materials for Head ProtectionIn the contribution, the researchers found through impact testing of different helmet brands that helmets using TEDA multi-level energy dispersion systems have a protective performance decay rate of only 5% after three consecutive impacts, which is far lower than 25% of traditional single-layer structure helmets (Brown, A., et al., 2021).

In addition, TEDA also referred to the study on the impact of temperature on foam material properties by the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Tokyo, Japan. This study shows that under the action of specific additives, foam materials can maintain stable physical properties in the temperature range of -20°C to +50°C. This research result provides an important reference for TEDA to develop helmet products that adapt to extreme climatic conditions (Tanaka, H., & Mori, K., 2020).

In terms of production processes, TEDA draws on research results of the Polytechnic University of Milan in Italy on automation forming technology. The precise temperature control system developed by the research team can ensure that the foam material maintains ideal physical properties during the molding process, significantly improving the quality consistency of the product (Rossi, M., et al., 2022). This technological breakthrough allows TEDA to produce high-quality cushioned linings at a large scale while maintaining cost advantages.

These research results not only verify the scientific nature of TEDA’s technical solutions, but also provide theoretical support for its continuous innovation. By continuously absorbing new scientific research results, TEDA has always been at the forefront of industry technology development and provides users with more reliable security guarantees.

Conclusion: TEDA leads a new era of sports safety

TEDA sports helmet cushioning lining is redefining the standards of sports safety thanks to its excellent multi-impact absorption capability and innovative technical solutions. From professional extreme sports arenas to daily casual riding, TEDA products have won the trust of users around the world for their reliable performance and comfortable wearing experience. As we have seen, whether it is the severe test of sudden accidents or the long-lasting test of daily use, TEDA helmets can provide stable protection.

Looking forward, TEDA will continue to uphold the concept of scientific and technological innovation and constantly explore the application possibilities of new materials and new technologies. With the development of intelligent sensing technology, TEDA plans to integrate real-time monitoring functions into helmet design, allowing users to grasp the status and performance changes of the helmet at any time. At the same time, the company is also actively studying the application of renewable materials and is committed to creating more environmentally friendly and sustainable products.

For sports enthusiasts, choosing TEDA helmets is not only a responsibility for their own safety, but also a hug of future technology. In this vibrant era, let us use TEDA’s professional protective equipment to enjoy the joy and passion brought by sports. After all, only security can make every adventure more meaningful.

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0.98g/cm³ density closed-cell control of triethylenediamine TEDA in marine buoyancy materials

3月 19th, 2025 News

Triethylenediamine (TEDA): A secret weapon in buoyant materials in ships

In the vast ocean, giant ships are moving forward like steel giants. However, have you ever wondered why these behemoths can float on the water? The answer lies not only in its huge displacement, but also in a seemingly inconspicuous but crucial material – closed-cell foam. In the preparation of such materials, triethylenediamine (TEDA) plays an indispensable role. Today, let’s uncover the mystery of TEDA in ship buoyancy materials and see how it provides a solid buoyancy guarantee for ships by precisely controlling density (such as 0.98g/cm³).

Basic Introduction to TEDA

Teethylenediamine (TEDA), chemical name N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethylethylenediamine, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H16N2. TEDA is a colorless or light yellow liquid at room temperature, with a strong ammonia odor and is easily soluble in water and most organic solvents. As a catalyst for polyurethane foaming reaction, TEDA is highly favored in industrial production for its efficient catalytic performance and good selectivity.

Characteristics and Advantages of TEDA

  • High-efficiency Catalysis: TEDA can significantly accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, thereby promoting the formation of foam.
  • Excellent selectivity: It mainly promotes foaming reactions (carbon dioxide generation reactions), but has a less impact on other side reactions, which helps control the density and structure of the foam.
  • Environmentally friendly: Compared with some traditional catalysts, TEDA produces fewer volatile organic compounds during use and is more environmentally friendly.

Application of TEDA in marine buoyancy materials

Ship buoyancy materials usually use closed-cell foam. This material has become a key component in ship design due to its lightweight, high strength, waterproof properties. TEDA is one of the core catalysts for the preparation of this type of foam. By adjusting the dosage and formula parameters of TEDA, the density of the foam can be accurately controlled to achieve an ideal 0.98g/cm³.

The importance of density control

The density of the foam directly affects its buoyancy performance. Too high or too low density will affect the overall stability of the ship. For example, too high density increases the weight of the material and reduces buoyancy; too low density may lead to insufficient foam strength and inability to withstand external pressure. Therefore, precisely controlling the foam density to 0.98g/cm³ can not only ensure sufficient buoyancy but also ensure the mechanical properties of the material.

Key parameters

In actual production, the dosage, reaction temperature, time and raw material ratio of TEDA are all important factors affecting foam density. Here are some typical parameters:

parameters Typical Remarks
TEDA dosage 0.5-1.5% Adjust to the specific formula
Reaction temperature 70-80°C Control the reaction rate
Reaction time 5-10 minutes Ensure full foaming
Raw material ratio Isocyanate:polyol=1:1.1 Adjust the ratio to optimize performance

Status of domestic and foreign research

In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of research on the application of TEDA in ship buoyancy materials. The following are some representative documents:

  • Domestic Research: Zhang Ming et al. (2020) found through experiments that when the TEDA dosage is 0.8%, the foam density is close to 0.98g/cm³ and the mechanical properties are good.
  • Foreign Research: Smith et al. (2019) proposed a new formula that improves the smoothness of the foam surface by adding a small amount of silicone oil while keeping the density unchanged.

Conclusion

To sum up, TEDA, as a key catalyst for ship buoyancy materials, provides ships with reliable buoyancy guarantee by precisely controlling foam density (such as 0.98g/cm³). In the future, with the advancement of technology and the research and development of new materials, TEDA’s application prospects will be broader. As the ancient nautical proverb says: “It is as stable as Mount Tai, and it is as floating as a light boat.” TEDA is helping mankind’s dream of conquering the ocean in its unique way.

The above content is only an overview. Next, we will explore the specific mechanism of TEDA, the precautions in the production process, and the possible future development directions. I hope this article will open a door to the world of buoyant materials for you!

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