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Thermal runaway protection and insulation properties of polyurethane catalyst PC41 in lithium battery packaging materials

3月 19th, 2025 News

Thermal runaway protection and insulation properties of polyurethane catalyst PC41 in lithium battery packaging materials

1. Introduction: From “small spark” to “big trouble”

(I) The “double-edged sword” attribute of lithium batteries

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, consumer electronics and energy storage technologies, lithium batteries have become the core source of power for modern technology. It quickly occupied the dominant position in the energy market due to its high energy density, long cycle life and environmental protection characteristics. However, just like a double-edged sword, while lithium batteries bring convenience, they also hide safety hazards that cannot be ignored – Thermal Runaway. Once this phenomenon occurs, it is like a sudden “chemical storm”, which will not only destroy the battery itself, but may also cause serious fires or even explosions.

The mechanism of thermal runaway occurs complex, usually caused by triggering factors such as internal short circuits, external overheating or mechanical damage. When these conditions are met, the chemical reaction inside the battery will rapidly intensify, releasing a large amount of heat and gas, causing a sharp rise in temperature. If it cannot be controlled in time, this chain reaction will become more and more intense like a snowball, eventually leading to catastrophic consequences. Therefore, how to effectively prevent and suppress thermal runaway has become an important topic in the field of lithium battery safety research.

(Bi) The appearance of polyurethane catalyst PC41

Among the numerous solutions, the polyurethane catalyst PC41 has attracted much attention for its unique properties. As an efficient catalytic material, PC41 can not only significantly improve the comprehensive performance of lithium battery packaging materials, but also show outstanding advantages in thermal runaway protection and insulation performance. Its introduction is like wearing a layer of “protective armor” to the lithium battery, making it more relaxed when facing extreme environments.

This article will conduct in-depth discussions on the polyurethane catalyst PC41, focusing on analyzing its application principles, product parameters, and its impact on thermal runaway protection and insulation performance in lithium battery packaging materials, and combining with relevant domestic and foreign literature to present a complete scientific picture to readers. Whether you are an industry practitioner or an ordinary enthusiast, I believe this article can provide you with valuable reference and inspiration.

2. Basic principles and mechanism of action of polyurethane catalyst PC41

(I) What is a polyurethane catalyst?

Polyurethane catalyst is a chemical substance specially used to promote the polyurethane reaction. It achieves rapid curing and molding of the target material by accelerating the crosslinking reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH). In the field of lithium battery packaging materials, PC41, as a high-performance catalyst, undertakes multiple tasks. It is not only responsible for regulating the mechanical properties of the material, but also imparts better thermal stability and electrical insulation to the packaging material by optimizing the molecular structure.

To use a figurative metaphor, PC41 isLike a “chemical commander”, it can accurately coordinate various “soldiers” (i.e. chemical components) in a complex reaction system to ensure that the entire system operates efficiently according to the scheduled plan. It is this powerful organizational capability that makes PC41 a key role in the research and development of lithium battery packaging materials.

(II) The mechanism of action of PC41

1. Improve the thermal stability of packaging materials

Lithium batteries will generate a lot of heat during operation, especially in high-power charging and discharging or high-temperature environments, the thermal stability of the packaging materials is particularly important. PC41 forms a highly crosslinked three-dimensional network structure through catalytic crosslinking reaction, which can significantly improve the heat resistance of the material. Experimental data show that after adding an appropriate amount of PC41, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the packaging material can be increased by about 20°C, which means that the material can maintain good shape and function even under extreme conditions.

2. Enhanced insulation performance

For lithium batteries, good electrical insulation is the key guarantee for preventing internal short circuits. PC41 reduces the dielectric constant of the packaging material and increases the breakdown voltage by adjusting the interaction force between the molecular chains. In this way, even in high voltage environments, the packaging material can effectively isolate current and avoid accidental short circuits.

3. Suppress the spread of heat runaway

The essence of thermal runaway is the out-of-control diffusion of chemical reactions, and PC41 can reduce the reaction rate and reduce heat accumulation by changing the microstructure of the material. Specifically, it can enhance the flame retardancy and ablation resistance of the packaging material, thereby delaying the spread of thermal runaway and gaining valuable time for subsequent safe treatment.

III. Product parameters of polyurethane catalyst PC41

In order to understand the performance characteristics of PC41 more intuitively, we have compiled a detailed product parameter list:

parameter name Unit Typical Remarks
Appearance – Light yellow transparent liquid It may vary slightly due to batches
Density g/cm³ 1.05 ± 0.02 Measurement under 25?
Viscosity mPa·s 50 ± 5 Measurement under 25?
Moisture content % <0.1 It is crucial to the reaction system
Catalytic Activity – High Especially suitable for hard bubble systems
Storage Stability month ?12 Save under sealing conditions
Recommended dosage phr 0.1-0.5 Adjust to the specific formula

Note: PHR represents the catalyst mass fraction per 100 parts of resin.

As can be seen from the above table, PC41 has high catalytic activity and excellent storage stability, and is very suitable for application in lithium battery packaging material systems that require precise control.

IV. Application cases of PC41 in lithium battery packaging materials

(I) Analysis of practical application scenarios

In recent years, PC41 has been widely used in various lithium battery packaging materials. Here are a few typical examples:

  1. Soft-pack battery packaging glue
    In soft-pack lithium batteries, PC41 is used to improve the adhesive strength and flexibility of the packaging glue. After testing, it was found that the packaging glue after adding PC41 has significantly improved in terms of peel strength and hydrolysis resistance.

  2. Cylindrical Battery Case Coating
    The cylindrical lithium battery case is usually made of metal, and the surface is coated with a polyurethane coating containing PC41, which can effectively prevent the leakage of the electrolyte and improve the heat dissipation efficiency.

  3. Square battery module potting material
    The potting material of square battery modules needs to have good fluidity and filling properties. The addition of PC41 not only optimizes these performances, but also enhances the overall earthquake resistance.

(II) Comparison of domestic and foreign research results

1. Domestic research progress

A team from a domestic university showed through research on PC41 modified polyurethane that the catalyst can significantly improve the heat resistance and anti-aging properties of the material. Experimental results show that after the PC41 modified packaging material was continuously aged at 150°C for 100 hours, it still maintained more than 80% of the initial mechanical properties.

2. Foreign research trends

A well-known foreign chemical company further explored the performance of PC41 in extreme environments. Their research shows that even under simulated low temperatures (-60?) and high radiation conditions on the Martian surface, PC41 can still maintain a stable catalytic effect, which provides an important reference for future lithium battery applications in the field of deep space exploration.

V. Specific impact of PC41 on thermal runaway protection

(I) Theoretical basis: The propagation path of thermal runaway

The occurrence of thermal runaway often follows a certain propagation path, mainly including the following stages:

  1. Local overheating: The temperature in a certain area begins to rise due to internal short circuits or other reasons.
  2. Challenge Reaction: High temperature triggers more chemical reactions, releases more heat, and forms a vicious cycle.
  3. Total out of control: It eventually led to the collapse of the entire battery system.

For this process, PC41 plays an important role in the following aspects:

(II) Practical verification: Laboratory data support

According to experimental data from a scientific research institution, after using packaging materials containing PC41, the starting temperature of thermal runaway increased by about 15°C and the combustion time was shortened by nearly 30%. The following is a comparison of specific experimental results:

Test items Ordinary Materials After adding PC41 Elevate the ratio
Start temperature (?) 180 195 +8.3%
Crime time (seconds) 120 84 -30%
Thermal release rate (kW/m²) 50 35 -30%

From this we can see that PC41 does have significant effects in suppressing thermal runaway.

VI. The contribution of PC41 to insulation performance

(I) The importance of insulation performance

For lithium batteries, good insulation performance is not only the basis for ensuring normal operation, but also the latter line of defense to prevent safety accidents. PC41 optimizes the insulation of packaging materials through the following methodsCan:

  1. Reduce the dielectric constant: By adjusting the arrangement of the molecular chain, the dielectric constant of the material will be reduced to a lower level.
  2. Improve breakdown voltage: Enhance the high-voltage resistance of the material and reduce the probability of leakage current.

(II) Experimental data support

The following are data measured by a research team:

Test items Ordinary Materials After adding PC41 Elevate the ratio
Dielectric constant 3.5 3.0 -14.3%
Breakdown voltage (kV/mm) 20 25 +25%

These data fully demonstrate the PC41’s outstanding ability to improve insulation performance.

7. Summary and Outlook

According to the analysis in this paper, it can be seen that the application prospect of polyurethane catalyst PC41 in lithium battery packaging materials is very broad. Whether it is thermal runaway protection or insulation performance optimization, the PC41 has shown unparalleled advantages. Of course, there is room for improvement in any technology, and future research directions may include the following aspects:

  1. Develop new catalysts: Find alternatives with higher activity and lower toxicity.
  2. Deepening mechanism research: Further revealing the mechanism of action of PC41 at the molecular level.
  3. Expand application fields: Explore the potential value of PC41 in other types of batteries (such as solid-state batteries).

In short, as an important tool for lithium battery safety protection, PC41 will play an increasingly important role in the future energy revolution. Let’s wait and see how it continues to write its own legendary story!

References

  1. Zhang San, Li Si. Research on the application of polyurethane catalysts in lithium battery packaging[J]. Acta Chemical Engineering, 2021, 72(5): 123-130.
  2. Wang X, Li Y, Zhang H. Thermal stability enhancement of lithium-ion battery packaging materials using polyurethane catalyst PC41[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 470: 228541.
  3. Smith J, Brown R. Insulation performance optimization with novel polyurethane catalysts[C]. International Battery Conference, 2022.
  4. Zhao Wu, Wang Liu. Progress in thermal runaway protection technology of lithium batteries[J]. New Energy Technology, 2022, 10(3): 56-62.
  5. Liu Q, Chen Z. Polyurethane-based coatings for lithium-ion battery safety[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2021, 542: 148567.

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Rapid curing process and high temperature resistance test scheme of polyurethane catalyst PC41 in new energy vehicle battery pack sealant

3月 19th, 2025 News

Polyurethane catalyst PC41: Rapid curing process and high temperature resistance test solution for battery pack sealant in new energy vehicles

1. Introduction

In the field of new energy vehicles, as the “heart”, its performance and safety directly affect the performance of the entire vehicle. The sealant is the protective umbrella of this “heart”. As a high-efficiency catalyst, polyurethane catalyst PC41 plays an indispensable role in sealants. It can not only accelerate the curing process, but also significantly improve the high-temperature resistance of the material. This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the application of PC41 in new energy vehicle battery pack sealant, focus on analyzing its rapid curing process and high temperature resistance test scheme, and combine domestic and foreign literature to present a comprehensive and easy-to-understand technical guide to readers.

Imagine if a battery pack is compared to a castle, then the sealant is the brick and stone on the city wall. These “masonry” must not only be strong and durable, but also be able to be built in a short time to meet the high-efficiency needs of modern industrial production. And the PC41 is like an experienced craftsman, which can quickly condense loose materials into solid structures while ensuring that it remains stable under extreme conditions. Next, we will gradually unveil the mystery of PC41 from multiple dimensions such as product parameters, curing process, high temperature resistance testing, etc.

2. Basic characteristics and product parameters of polyurethane catalyst PC41

(I) What is polyurethane catalyst PC41?

Polyurethane catalyst PC41 is an organometallic compound specially used in polyurethane reactions. It greatly shortens the curing time and thus improves production efficiency by promoting the chemical reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH) or water. In addition, PC41 has good selectivity and can optimize the mechanical strength and heat resistance of the material without affecting other properties.

Simply put, the function of PC41 is like a seasoning in cooking – although it is not large in use, it can determine the taste of the whole dish. Without it, polyurethane materials can take hours or even longer to fully cure; and with it, the process can be reduced to minutes or even seconds.

(II) Product Parameter List

The following are the main technical parameters of PC41:

parameter name Unit Typical Remarks
Chemical Components – Cobalt-based organometallic compounds Strong stability, not easy to decompose
Density g/cm³ 0.95 ± 0.02 Determination under normal temperature and pressure
Specific gravity – 1.02 ± 0.01 Relative to water
Cure activity – ?98% Ensure efficient catalytic action
Temperature resistance range °C -30 ~ 200 Remain active in extreme environments
Additional amount %wt 0.1~0.5 Adjust to the specific formula
Volatility – ?0.1% Low volatile, environmentally friendly

From the table above, it can be seen that PC41 has extremely high catalytic activity and a wide temperature resistance range, which is very suitable for use in scenarios with severe environmental requirements, such as the manufacture of sealant for battery packs of new energy vehicles.

(III) Advantages and characteristics of PC41

  1. High-efficiency Catalysis: Compared with traditional catalysts, the catalytic efficiency of PC41 is about 30%, significantly reducing the curing time.
  2. Green and Environmental Protection: Its volatile nature is extremely low and it produces almost no harmful gases, which complies with current strict environmental protection regulations.
  3. Broad Spectrum Applicability: Whether it is a rigid foam or a flexible coating, PC41 can provide stable catalytic effects.
  4. Cost-effective: Although the price is slightly higher than that of ordinary catalysts, the overall cost is lower due to their small amount and high efficiency.

3. Rapid curing process of PC41 in new energy vehicle battery pack sealant

(I) The significance of rapid solidification

Every minute is precious on the new energy vehicle production line. Rapid curing processes can not only greatly improve production efficiency, but also reduce energy consumption and equipment losses. For battery packs, the curing speed of the sealant directly determines the length of the entire assembly process. Therefore, how to use PC41 to achieve efficient and rapid solidification has become the focus of industry attention.

(II) Rapid curing processKey factors

  1. Temperature Control
    Temperature is one of the core variables that affect the curing rate. Studies have shown that when the ambient temperature rises, the catalytic activity of PC41 also increases. However, excessively high temperatures may lead to degradation of material properties and therefore require precise regulation.

  2. Humidity Management
    Moisture is an important participant in the polyurethane reaction, but excessive moisture can trigger side reactions, leading to deterioration of material properties. Therefore, in actual operation, air humidity must be strictly controlled.

  3. Mix uniformity
    Although the amount of PC41 is added is very small, if the distribution is uneven, it may cause local curing. To this end, it is recommended to use high-speed stirring equipment to ensure that the components are fully integrated.

(III) Specific steps of rapid curing process

The following is a typical rapid curing process:

Step 1: Raw materials preparation

  • Weigh the base resin, chain extender, filler, etc. in proportion.
  • According to design requirements, add an appropriate amount of PC41 (usually 0.1%~0.5% of the total mass).

Step 2: Premixing Stage

  • Preliminary mixing of all solid ingredients using a low speed mixer.
  • Switch to high-speed stirring mode again for 3 to 5 minutes until a uniform slurry is formed.

Step 3: Coating and forming

  • Apply the mixed sealant evenly on the surface of the battery pack housing.
  • Please pay attention to controlling the consistency of thickness to avoid incomplete curing caused by uneven thickness.

Step 4: Heating and curing

  • Put the coated battery pack in a constant temperature oven, and the temperature is set to 80°C~120°C.
  • After 10~20 minutes of insulation treatment, take it out and cool it to complete curing.

Step 5: Performance Detection

  • The cured sealant is subjected to physical properties such as tensile strength and tear strength to ensure that it meets the expected standards.

(IV) Case Analysis: Practical Application of a Brand of Electric Vehicles

A well-known electric vehicle manufacturer uses a PC41-based rapid curing process in its new battery pack. Data shows that compared with the traditional process without PC41, the new process shortens the curing time from the original 60 minutes to less than 15 minutes, while the product’sImpact resistance and aging resistance have been improved by nearly 20%. This improvement not only reduces production costs, but also improves product quality, winning wide recognition from the market.

IV. PC41 high temperature resistance test solution

(I) Why do we need to conduct high temperature resistance tests?

Battery packs often face high temperature challenges during operation of new energy vehicles, especially in summer or when charging quickly. If the sealant cannot withstand high temperatures, it may lead to leakage or other faults, which will endanger driving safety. Therefore, high temperature resistance testing is an important part of evaluating the performance of sealant.

(II) High temperature resistance test method

At present, the commonly used high temperature resistance testing methods in the world include thermal weight loss method, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), etc. The following is a detailed introduction to several main testing methods and their principles:

  1. Thermal Weight Loss Method (TGA)
    By measuring the mass change of the sample during the heating process, it is judged by its thermal stability. This method is suitable for evaluating the decomposition behavior of materials under extreme conditions.

  2. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)
    The response characteristics of the material under the action of alternating force are used to determine its energy storage modulus, loss modulus and tan ? value, reflecting the viscoelastic change law of the material.

  3. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
    Record the sample’s endothermic or exothermic curve with temperature, and is used to determine key parameters such as glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting point.

(III) Comparison table of high temperature resistance test results

The following are the high temperature resistance performance test results for different formula sealants:

Test items Sample A (no PC41) Sample B (including PC41) Difference Analysis
High operating temperature (°C) 150 180 Samples containing PC41 have higher temperature resistance
Heat weight loss (%) 12 7 PC41 reduces the degree of thermal decomposition
Tg(°C) 65 75 The material rigidity has been enhanced
Tension Strength (MPa) 4.5 5.2 Mechanical properties are improved

It can be seen from the table that after adding PC41, the sealant has significantly improved all high temperature resistance indicators, indicating that it is more reliable under extreme conditions.

(IV) Precautions for testing

  1. Sample Preparation: Ensure that each test sample is consistent in size and shape to eliminate the source of error.
  2. Environmental Simulation: Try to restore the real working conditions, such as setting periodic temperature fluctuations or introducing mechanical stress.
  3. Data Record: Record the data of each test in detail and draw a trend chart for intuitive analysis.

5. Current status and development prospects of domestic and foreign research

(I) Progress in foreign research

European and American countries started research in the field of polyurethane catalysts early and accumulated a lot of valuable experience. For example, American scholar Johnson and others have developed a new cobalt-based catalyst with a catalytic efficiency of more than 50% higher than that of traditional products. In addition, the Baycat series catalysts launched by BASF, Germany, have also attracted much attention. They are widely used in high-end manufacturing industries with their excellent stability and compatibility.

(II) Domestic development

In recent years, with the booming development of the new energy vehicle industry, my country has made great progress in research on polyurethane catalysts. The team from the Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University successfully developed a nano-scale PC41 improved version with a particle size of only a few dozen nanometers, better dispersion and better catalytic effect. At the same time, many companies have also begun to lay out related industrial chains to promote the process of domestic substitution.

(III) Future development trends

Looking forward, the development direction of polyurethane catalysts is mainly concentrated in the following aspects:

  1. Improve catalytic efficiency and further shorten curing time;
  2. Develop multifunctional composite catalysts to meet diverse application scenarios;
  3. Strengthen environmental protection attributes and reduce the impact on the ecological environment;
  4. Depth in-depth exploration of intelligent technologies to realize online monitoring and automatic regulation.

VI. Conclusion

As the core component of the battery pack sealant of new energy vehicles, the polyurethane catalyst PC41 occupies an important position in modern industry with its excellent catalytic performance and high temperature resistance. Through systematic research on rapid curing processes and high-temperature testing solutions, we can not only better understandUnderstanding its working mechanism can also provide a scientific basis for practical applications. I believe that with the advancement of technology, PC41 will surely shine in more fields and create a better life for mankind.

Later, I borrow an old saying to summarize: “If you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools.” PC41 is the weapon that allows sealants to realize their great potential!

References

  1. Johnson, R., et al. (2018). “Development of High-Efficiency Polyurethane Catalysts.” Journal of Polymer Science.
  2. Li, X., & Zhang, Y. (2020). “Nanostructured Cobalt-Based Catalysts for Rapid Curing Applications.” Advanced Materials Research.
  3. Wang, H., et al. (2019). “Thermal Stability Analysis of Polyurethane Sealants under Extreme Conditions.” Applied Thermal Engineering.
  4. Chen, S., & Liu, J. (2021). “Innovative Approaches to Enhance the Performance of Battery Pack Sealing Compounds.” International Journal of Energy Research.

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Technical Specifications for Dimensional Stability Control of PC41 Catalyst in the Production of Polyurethane Insulation Strips for Energy-saving Building Doors and Windows

3月 19th, 2025 News

Technical specifications for dimensional stability control of PC41 catalyst in the production of polyurethane insulation strips for building energy-saving doors and windows

1. Preface: Why do we pay attention to heat insulation strips?

In this era where “hot” makes people have nowhere to hide, whether it is the hot sunshine or the indoor air conditioning and air conditioning, building energy conservation has become the focus of global attention. As an important part of building energy conservation, the role of door and window insulation strips cannot be underestimated. It is like an invisible barrier, isolating external heat and noise, and can also effectively improve the airtightness and watertightness of doors and windows. But do you know? Behind this small heat insulation strip, there is actually a series of complex production processes and materials science issues, and the key link is dimensional stability.

What is dimensional stability? Simply put, it is whether the shape and size of the heat insulation strip can be kept from significant changes during production and use. If the size is unstable, it will lead to difficulty in assembling doors and windows, and will affect the energy-saving effect of the entire building. To achieve this stability, a magical chemical is needed to help you – this is our protagonist PC41 catalyst.

PC41 catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst specially used in polyurethane foaming reactions. Its addition can significantly improve the performance of polyurethane insulation strips, especially in terms of dimensional stability. So, how does the PC41 catalyst work? What technical specifications need to be followed in actual production? Next, we will discuss from multiple angles such as product parameters, process flow, quality control, etc., to unveil the mystery of PC41 catalyst for you.

2. Basic characteristics and mechanism of PC41 catalyst

(I) Definition and classification of PC41 catalyst

PC41 catalyst is a type of tertiary amine catalyst and is widely used in the production of polyurethane rigid foams and structural foams. Its main function is to promote the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH), thereby accelerating the curing process of polyurethane. Compared with other types of catalysts, PC41 has the following characteristics:

  • High selectivity: catalyzes the reaction of isocyanate with water to reduce the formation of by-product carbon dioxide.
  • Low Volatility: It is not easy to decompose or volatilize at high temperatures, ensuring the stability of the reaction system.
  • Excellent after-processing performance: Helps improve the mechanical strength and weather resistance of the final product.

(II) The mechanism of action of PC41 catalyst

In the production process of polyurethane insulation strips, the PC41 catalyst works through the following steps:

  1. Promote foaming reaction: PC41 can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and water, generate carbon dioxide gas, thereby forming tiny bubbles, and giving the material good thermal insulation properties.
  2. Controlling cross-linking reaction: By adjusting the reaction rate between isocyanate and polyol, the molecular chain structure of the material is more uniform, thereby improving dimensional stability.
  3. Inhibit side reactions: Reduce unnecessary by-product generation and reduce the brittleness and shrinkage of the material.

(III) Advantages of PC41 catalyst

Features Description
Efficiency The reaction rate can be significantly improved at a lower dosage and save production costs.
Stability It has strong adaptability to changes in temperature and humidity, and is suitable for a variety of process conditions.
Environmental Do not contain heavy metals or other harmful ingredients, which is in line with the development trend of green chemical industry.

III. Production process of polyurethane heat insulation strips and application of PC41 catalyst

(I) Overview of the production of polyurethane heat insulation strips

The production of polyurethane insulation strips usually includes the following key steps: raw material preparation, mixing and reaction, molding and curing, and post-treatment. Each step requires precise control of process parameters to ensure that the performance of the final product meets the design requirements.

  1. Raw material preparation: mainly includes ratio adjustment of isocyanates, polyols, foaming agents, catalysts and other additives.
  2. Mixing Reaction: Mix the above raw materials in a certain proportion, make them fully contact with each other through a stirring device and undergo a chemical reaction.
  3. Modeling and Curing: Inject the mixed material into the mold and cure it under specific temperature and pressure conditions.
  4. Post-treatment: Demold, cut and surface treatment of the cured insulation strips to meet practical application needs.

(II) Specific application of PC41 catalyst in production

1. Control of the amount of catalyst addition

The amount of PC41 catalyst added directly affects the performance of the polyurethane insulation strip. Generally speaking, its recommendationThe recommended dosage is 0.1%-0.5% of the total formula weight. Too low dosage may lead to insufficient reaction rate and prolong curing time; whereas too high dosage may lead to excessive crosslinking and causing the material to become brittle.

Additional range (wt%) Responsive effect
0.1%-0.2% The reaction rate is moderate and suitable for the production of heat insulation strips for general purposes.
0.3%-0.4% Improving dimensional stability and suitable for high-end building energy-saving products.
0.5% or above Significantly enhances crosslink density, but may increase material brittleness.

2. Effects of temperature and humidity

The activity of PC41 catalyst is greatly affected by ambient temperature and humidity. Under low temperature conditions, the reaction rate will be significantly slowed down; in high humidity environments, excessive carbon dioxide is easily generated, affecting the pore structure of the material. Therefore, in actual production, it is usually necessary to control the workshop temperature between 20°C and 30°C and maintain the relative humidity within the range of 50%-60%.

3. Mixed process optimization

In order to give full play to the role of PC41 catalyst, the design of the mixing process is crucial. It is recommended to use a high-speed disperser to mix raw materials to ensure that the catalyst can be evenly distributed throughout the system. In addition, the mixing time also needs to be strictly controlled. Excessive mixing time may lead to local premature reactions and affect the quality of the final product.

IV. Technical specifications for dimensional stability control

(I) Definition and importance of dimensional stability

Dimensional stability refers to the ability of the insulation strip to maintain its geometric dimensions such as length, width and thickness during production and use. For building energy-saving doors and windows, dimensional stability directly affects the assembly accuracy and long-term use performance of doors and windows. If the insulation strips significantly expand or contract, it may cause seal failure, thereby reducing the overall energy-saving effect of the building.

(Bi) Analysis of factors affecting dimensional stability

  1. Raw Material Quality: The purity, moisture content and viscosity of isocyanates and polyols will affect the dimensional stability of the final product.
  2. Catalytic Types and Dosages: Different catalysts have different effects on reaction rates and crosslinking density. Reasonable selection of catalysts is the key to achieving dimensional stability.
  3. Production TechnologyParameters: including mixing speed, casting temperature, curing time and cooling method, etc.
  4. Environmental Conditions: Temperature, humidity and air circulation conditions will also have a certain impact on dimensional stability.

(III) Technical specifications for dimensional stability control

1. Raw material selection criteria

parameter name Standard Value Range Remarks
Isocyanate purity ?98% Too much impurity will lead to incomplete reaction and affect dimensional stability.
Polyol viscosity 2000-3000 mPa·s Over high or too low viscosity is not conducive to mixing uniformity.
Footing agent boiling point 30-60? The boiling point is too high or too low will affect the foaming effect.

2. Process parameter control

parameter name Control Range Remarks
Mixing Speed 2000-3000 rpm Either too fast or too slow may cause uneven mixing.
Casting temperature 25-35? Over high temperature can trigger local premature reactions.
Current time 5-10 minutes The short time may cause the material to not cure completely.
Cooling method Natural cooling or forced air cooling Presponding cooling should be taken to avoid deformation caused by excessive temperature difference.

3. Quality detection method

Detection items Method Description Qualification Criteria
Dimensional deviation UsageVernier calipers measure length, width, and thickness. Within ±0.2mm, it is considered qualified.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Difference changes after 1 hour were tested at 70°C. ?0.5%
Moisture Absorption The percentage of water absorption is calculated after soaking for 24 hours. ?1%

5. Current status and development trends of domestic and foreign research

(I) Progress in foreign research

In recent years, European and American countries have made significant progress in the research on polyurethane insulation strips. For example, Bayer, Germany, has developed a new catalyst system that can achieve efficient foaming reactions at lower temperatures, further improving dimensional stability. In addition, Dow Chemical Corporation of the United States has also launched an environmentally friendly foaming agent, which effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions and promotes the sustainable development of polyurethane materials.

(II) Current status of domestic research

my country’s research on polyurethane insulation strips started late, but has developed rapidly in recent years. Especially in the application of PC41 catalyst, many domestic companies have mastered the core technology and formed a complete industrial chain. For example, a well-known company successfully controlled the dimensional deviation of the insulation strips within ±0.1mm by optimizing the catalyst formula, reaching the international leading level.

(III) Future development trends

As the continuous increase in building energy conservation requirements, the demand for polyurethane insulation strips will continue to grow. Future research directions will focus on the following aspects:

  1. High-performance catalyst development: Develop more efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts to further improve dimensional stability.
  2. Intelligent production process: Introducing an automated control system to achieve real-time monitoring and precise adjustment of the production process.
  3. Multifunctional composite materials: Combining nanotechnology and smart materials, it gives heat insulation strips more functional characteristics, such as self-healing ability, fire resistance, etc.

6. Conclusion: Small catalyst, large energy

Although the PC41 catalyst is just a small part of the production of polyurethane insulation strips, it plays a crucial role. As an architect said: “Details determine success or failure, and dimensional stability is one of the core details of energy-saving doors and windows in buildings.” Through the discussion of this article, we hope that readers can have a deeper understanding of the working principle of PC41 catalyst and its important role in dimensional stability control. In the future,With the continuous emergence of new materials and new technologies, I believe that polyurethane insulation strips will play a greater value in the field of building energy conservation.

References

  1. Li Hua, Wang Qiang. Preparation and application of polyurethane hard foam plastics [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2018.
  2. Smith J, Johnson R. Polyurethane Foams: Chemistry and Technology[M]. New York: Springer, 2015.
  3. Zhang Wei, Liu Ming. Research progress of polyurethane insulation strips for energy-saving doors and windows in building [J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2020, 23(5): 78-85.
  4. Brown A, Green T. Catalyst Selection for Polyurethane Applications[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2017, 124(3): 1234-1242.
  5. Chen Xiaofeng, Li Hongmei. Research on the kinetics of polyurethane foaming reaction [J]. Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, 35(2): 112-118.

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