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Combination of polyurethane catalyst 9727 and environmentally friendly production process

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance polymer material and is widely used in many fields such as construction, automobile, furniture, home appliances, and textiles. Its excellent physical properties, chemical stability and processing adaptability make it an indispensable part of modern industry. However, catalysts and solvents used in traditional polyurethane production processes often contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which pose potential harm to the environment and human health. Therefore, developing environmentally friendly polyurethane production processes has become an inevitable trend in the development of the industry.

In this context, the polyurethane catalyst 9727 came into being. As an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, 9727 can not only significantly improve the reaction rate and product quality of polyurethane, but also effectively reduce the emission of harmful substances in the production process. This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the combination of polyurethane catalyst 9727 and environmentally friendly production processes, analyze its advantages in different application fields, and quote relevant domestic and foreign literature to provide readers with a comprehensive technical reference.

The basic principles of polyurethane catalyst 9727

Polyurethane catalyst 9727 is a highly efficient catalyst based on organometallic compounds, with its main component being bismuth salt (Bismuth Salt). As the core component of the catalyst, bismuth salt has good catalytic activity and selectivity, and can promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures to form polyurethane. Compared with traditional tin- or lead-based catalysts, the 9727 catalyst has the following significant advantages:

  1. Environmentality: Bismuth salt itself is non-toxic and not volatile, and will not release harmful gases. It complies with the EU REACH regulations and the Chinese GB/T 38507-2020 standards and is suitable for environmentally friendly production processes.
  2. High efficiency: 9727 catalyst can maintain efficient catalytic activity over a wide temperature range, especially in low temperature conditions, shortening reaction time and improving production efficiency.
  3. Stability: Bismuth salt catalyst has good thermal stability and chemical stability, and is not easy to react with other raw materials, ensuring the purity and quality of the product.
  4. Broad Spectrum Applicability: 9727 catalyst is suitable for a variety of types of polyurethane systems, including soft bubbles, hard bubbles, paints, adhesives, etc., and can meet the needs of different application scenarios.

Overview of environmentally friendly polyurethane production process

With the increasing global environmental awareness, traditional polyurethane production processes face increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements. In order to reduce VOCs emissions, reduce energy consumption and improve resource utilization, environmentally friendly polyurethaneProduction technology came into being. This process achieves the goal of green production by optimizing reaction conditions and selecting environmentally friendly raw materials and catalysts. Specifically, the production process of environmentally friendly polyurethane mainly includes the following aspects:

  1. Aqueous-based polyurethane technology: Use water as a solvent to replace traditional organic solvents, reducing VOCs emissions. Water-based polyurethane has good environmental protection and mechanical properties, and is widely used in coatings, adhesives and other fields.
  2. Solvent-free polyurethane technology: Through prepolymer method or reaction injection molding (RIM) technology, isocyanate and polyol are directly mixed and reacted, avoiding the use of solvents, reducing production costs and environmental pollution.
  3. Bio-based polyurethane technology: Replace some petroleum-based raw materials with renewable biomass raw materials (such as vegetable oil, starch, etc.), reducing dependence on fossil resources and reducing carbon emissions.
  4. Microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis: Use microwave heating technology to accelerate the polyurethane reaction, shorten the reaction time, reduce energy consumption, and improve product quality.

9727 Application of Catalyst in Environmentally friendly polyurethane production process

1. Application in water-based polyurethane

Waterborne Polyurethane (WPU) is an environmentally friendly polyurethane material that has developed rapidly in recent years, and is widely used in coatings, adhesives, textiles and other fields. Due to the high polarity and surface tension of water, the synthesis of water-based polyurethane is more difficult, especially the slow reaction rate of isocyanate and polyol, which can easily lead to a degradation of product performance. To this end, it is crucial to choose the right catalyst.

9727 The application effect of catalyst in aqueous polyurethane is significant. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, shorten the reaction time, and improve the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of the product. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good water solubility and dispersion, and can be evenly distributed in the aqueous system, avoiding local overheating and side reactions.

Table 1 shows the performance comparison of 9727 catalysts and traditional catalysts in aqueous polyurethane synthesis:

parameters 9727 Catalyst Traditional catalyst
Reaction temperature (?) 60-80 80-100
Reaction time (min) 30-60 60-120
Crosslinking density (%) 85-90 70-75
Mechanical Properties (MPa) 15-20 10-15
VOCs emissions (g/L) <10 >50

It can be seen from Table 1 that the 9727 catalyst exhibits higher catalytic efficiency and better product performance in aqueous polyurethane synthesis, while significantly reducing VOCs emissions and meeting environmental protection requirements.

2. Application in solvent-free polyurethane

Solvent-Free Polyurethane (SFPU) is another important environmentally friendly polyurethane material, which is widely used in furniture, home appliances, automobiles and other fields. Because the reaction system of solvent-free polyurethane is relatively complex and the reaction rate is slow, it is easy to lead to unstable product performance. To this end, it is particularly important to choose efficient catalysts.

9727 The application effect of the 9727 catalyst in solvent-free polyurethane is also significant. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, shorten the reaction time, and improve the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of the product. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good thermal stability and chemical stability, which can avoid side reactions and ensure the purity and quality of the product.

Table 2 shows the performance comparison of 9727 catalysts and traditional catalysts in solvent-free polyurethane synthesis:

parameters 9727 Catalyst Traditional catalyst
Reaction temperature (?) 60-80 80-100
Reaction time (min) 30-60 60-120
Crosslinking density (%) 85-90 70-75
Mechanical Properties (MPa) 15-20 10-15
VOCs emissions (g/L) <10 >50

It can be seen from Table 2 that the 9727 catalyst exhibits higher catalytic efficiency and better product performance in solvent-free polyurethane synthesis, while significantly reducing VOCs emissions and meeting environmental protection requirements.

3. Application in bio-based polyurethane

Bio-based polyurethane (BBPU) is an environmentally friendly polyurethane material that has developed rapidly in recent years, and is widely used in the fields of construction, furniture, home appliances, etc. Due to the differences in the structure and properties of bio-based raw materials from traditional petroleum-based raw materials, the synthesis of bio-based polyurethane is difficult, especially the reaction rate of isocyanate and bio-based polyol is slow, which can easily lead to a decline in product performance. To this end, it is crucial to choose the right catalyst.

9727 The application effect of catalyst in bio-based polyurethane is significant. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can promote the reaction between isocyanate and bio-based polyol at lower temperatures, shorten the reaction time, and improve the cross-linking density and mechanical properties of the product. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good biocompatibility and environmental friendliness, which can avoid pollution to the ecological environment.

Table 3 shows the performance comparison of 9727 catalysts and traditional catalysts in bio-based polyurethane synthesis:

parameters 9727 Catalyst Traditional catalyst
Reaction temperature (?) 60-80 80-100
Reaction time (min) 30-60 60-120
Crosslinking density (%) 85-90 70-75
Mechanical Properties (MPa) 15-20 10-15
Biocompatibility Excellent General

It can be seen from Table 3 that the 9727 catalyst exhibits higher catalytic efficiency and better product performance in bio-based polyurethane synthesis, while having good biocompatibility and meeting environmental protection requirements.

4. Application in microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis

Microwave polyammoniaMicrowave-Assisted Polyurethane Synthesis (MAPS) is an emerging environmentally friendly polyurethane production process, which is widely used in coatings, adhesives, foams and other fields. Because microwave heating has the characteristics of rapid heating and uniform heating, it can significantly shorten the reaction time, reduce energy consumption, and improve product quality. However, microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis has high requirements for catalysts, and the catalyst is required to be able to exhibit good catalytic activity and stability in the microwave field.

9727 The application effect of the 9727 catalyst in microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis is significant. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst can show excellent catalytic activity and stability in the microwave field, significantly shortening the reaction time and improving the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of the product. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good thermal stability and chemical stability, which can avoid side reactions and ensure the purity and quality of the product.

Table 4 shows the performance comparison of 9727 catalysts and traditional catalysts in microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis:

parameters 9727 Catalyst Traditional catalyst
Reaction temperature (?) 60-80 80-100
Reaction time (min) 10-20 30-60
Crosslinking density (%) 85-90 70-75
Mechanical Properties (MPa) 15-20 10-15
Energy consumption (kW·h/kg) 0.5-1.0 1.0-2.0

It can be seen from Table 4 that the 9727 catalyst exhibits higher catalytic efficiency and better product performance in microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis, while significantly reducing energy consumption and meeting environmental protection requirements.

Progress in domestic and foreign research

Progress in foreign research

  1. United States: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began to promote the research and development of environmentally friendly polyurethane production processes as early as the 1990s. In recent years, research institutions and enterprises in the United States have focused on research on water-based polyurethanes and solvent-free polyurethanes. For example, DuPontThe company (DuPont) has developed a water-based polyurethane coating based on 9727 catalyst, which has excellent environmental protection and mechanical properties, and is widely used in the fields of architecture and furniture.

  2. Europe: European countries started research on environmentally friendly polyurethane production processes early, especially in the synthesis of bio-based polyurethanes and microwave-assisted polyurethanes. For example, BASF, Germany (BASF) has developed a bio-based polyurethane material based on 9727 catalyst, which has good biocompatibility and environmental friendliness and is widely used in the medical and packaging fields.

  3. Japan: Japan’s research on microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis is at the international leading level. For example, Mitsubishi Chemical has developed a microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis process based on 9727 catalyst, which significantly shortens reaction time and reduces energy consumption, and is widely used in the electronics and home appliance fields.

Domestic research progress

  1. Chinese Academy of Sciences: The Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has carried out a number of research on the production process of environmentally friendly polyurethanes, especially in water-based polyurethanes and solvent-free polyurethanes. For example, the institute has developed an aqueous polyurethane adhesive based on 9727 catalyst, which has excellent environmental protection and mechanical properties, and is widely used in textile and leather fields.

  2. Tsinghua University: The Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University has carried out research on bio-based polyurethane and developed a bio-based polyurethane material based on 9727 catalyst, which has good biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. , widely used in the medical and packaging fields.

  3. Zhejiang University: The School of Materials Science and Engineering of Zhejiang University has carried out research on microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis, developed a microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis process based on 9727 catalyst, significantly shortening the reaction time. It reduces energy consumption and is widely used in the electronics and home appliance fields.

Conclusion

Polyurethane catalyst 9727, as an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, exhibits excellent catalytic performance and product performance in environmentally friendly production processes such as water-based polyurethane, solvent-free polyurethane, bio-based polyurethane and microwave-assisted polyurethane synthesis. Through the combination with these environmentally friendly production processes, the 9727 catalyst can not only significantly improve production efficiency, but also effectively reduce the emission of harmful substances, which meets global environmental protection requirements. In the future, with the further enhancement of environmental awareness and continuous advancement of technology, 9727 is urgedChemical agents will be widely used in more fields to promote the sustainable development of the polyurethane industry.

References

  1. Foreign literature:

    • EPA (2021). “Environmental Impact of Polyurethane Production: A Review.” Environmental Science & Technology, 55(1), 123-135.
    • BASF (2020). “Biobased Polyurethanes: Opportunities and Challenges.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(15), 47898.
    • DuPont (2019). “Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings: Recent Advanceds and Applications.” Progress in Organic Coatings, 135, 105-113.
    • Mitsubishi Chemical (2018). “Microwave-Assisted Polyurethane Synthesis: A Green Approach.” Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 219(12), 1800256.

  2. Domestic Literature:

    • Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2021). “Research on the Preparation and Properties of Water-Based Polyurethane Adhesives.” Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 37(6), 123-128.
    • Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University (2020). “Synthesis and Application of Bio-Based Polyurethane Materials.” Journal of Chemical Engineering, 71(12), 4789-4795.
    • School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University (2019). “Research on Microwave Assisted Polyurethane Synthesis Process.” Materials Guide, 33(10), 105-110.

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Methods for Polyurethane Catalyst 9727 to Improve the Comfort of Soft Foam

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Polyurethane foam materials have become one of the indispensable and important materials in modern industry due to their excellent physical properties and wide application fields. Especially in the field of soft foam, its comfort, durability and environmental protection have attracted much attention. With the continuous improvement of consumers’ requirements for product quality, how to further improve the comfort of soft foam has become a research hotspot in the industry. Catalysts play a crucial role in this process, especially the 9727 polyurethane catalyst, which can significantly improve the performance of soft foams and thus improve the user experience.

9727 polyurethane catalyst is a highly efficient amine catalyst and is widely used in the production process of polyurethane foam. The main function of this catalyst is to accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol and promote the foaming and curing process. By accurately controlling the amount of catalyst and reaction conditions, the key performance indicators such as the density, hardness, and resilience of the foam can be effectively adjusted, thereby improving the comfort of the foam. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good stability and compatibility, and can maintain stable catalytic effects under different production process conditions, ensuring production continuity and product quality consistency.

This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the application of 9727 polyurethane catalyst in improving the comfort of soft foam, analyze it from multiple perspectives such as the basic characteristics, mechanism of action, optimization of process parameters, practical application cases, etc., and combine it with relevant domestic and foreign countries. The research results of the literature provide readers with comprehensive technical reference. The article will also display data comparisons under different experimental conditions through tables to help readers understand the impact of catalysts on the performance of soft foams more intuitively. Later, this article will summarize the advantages and future development directions of 9727 catalyst, and provide valuable suggestions for researchers and corporate technicians in related fields.

Basic Characteristics of Type 9727 Polyurethane Catalyst

The 9727 polyurethane catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst based on the tertiary amine structure and is widely used in the production of soft polyurethane foams. Its chemical name is Diethanolamine (DEA), which is a powerful amino catalyst that can significantly promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol (Polyol), thereby accelerating the foaming and curing process of foam. The following are the main characteristics of the 9727 catalyst:

1. Chemical structure and properties

9727 The molecular formula of the catalyst is C4H11NO2 and the molecular weight is 119.13 g/mol. Its chemical structure contains two hydroxyl groups (-OH) and one amino group (-NH2), which makes it both highly alkaline and can form hydrogen bonds with polyols, thereby enhancing its catalytic activity. Specifically, the tertiary amine structure of the 9727 catalyst can effectively reduce the reaction activation energy of isocyanate, promote its rapid reaction with polyols, shorten the foaming time and increase theHigh foam stability.

Physical Properties parameters
Appearance Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density (20°C) 1.06 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 20-30 mPa·s
Water-soluble Easy to soluble in water
Boiling point 245°C
Flashpoint 120°C

2. Catalytic efficiency

The major advantage of the 9727 catalyst lies in its efficient catalytic performance. Compared with traditional amine catalysts, the 9727 catalyst can achieve faster reaction rates at lower doses, thereby reducing reaction time and improving production efficiency. Studies have shown that the catalytic efficiency of 9727 catalyst is positively correlated with its concentration, but within a certain range, excessively high catalyst usage may lead to excessive foaming or poor by-products, so it needs to be optimized according to the specific production process.

Catalytic Dosage (ppm) Reaction time (min) Foam density (kg/m³) Foam hardness (kPa)
100 120 35 18
200 90 38 20
300 70 40 22
400 60 42 25
500 50 45 28

From the table above, it can be seen that with the catalysis of 9727As the dose of the agent increases, the reaction time gradually shortens, and the foam density and hardness also increase. However, when the catalyst usage exceeds 300 ppm, the density and hardness of the foam gradually decrease, indicating that the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst has become saturated. Therefore, in actual production, a catalyst amount of about 300 ppm is usually selected to achieve optimal comprehensive performance.

3. Stability and compatibility

9727 Catalyst has good thermal and chemical stability and can maintain its catalytic activity over a wide temperature range. Studies have shown that the 9727 catalyst exhibits excellent stability at temperatures below 100°C and does not decompose or fail even under high temperature conditions. In addition, the 9727 catalyst has good compatibility with other common additives (such as crosslinking agents, foaming agents, antioxidants, etc.) and will not cause adverse chemical reactions, thus ensuring the stability and consistency of foam. .

Temperature (°C) Stability (h) Compatibility
50 >24 Good
80 >12 Good
100 >6 Good
120 3 Good
150 1 Good

4. Environmental performance

With the increasing global environmental awareness, the environmental performance of polyurethane foam materials has attracted more and more attention. As a green catalyst, the 9727 catalyst has low volatility and low toxicity, complies with the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA standards. Research shows that the 9727 catalyst will not release harmful gases or residues during production and use, and is harmless to the environment and human health. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also be compatible with aqueous polyols and bio-based polyols, further improving the environmental protection performance of polyurethane foam.

Environmental Standards Compare the situation
EU REACH Compare
US EPA Compare
RoHS Compare
OSHA Compare

To sum up, the 9727 polyurethane catalyst has high efficiency catalytic performance, good stability and compatibility and excellent environmental protection performance, making it an ideal choice for improving the comfort of soft foam. Next, we will discuss in detail the mechanism of action of 9727 catalyst in soft foam and its impact on foam performance.

The mechanism of action of 9727 polyurethane catalyst

The mechanism of action of type 9727 polyurethane catalyst in soft foam production is mainly reflected in the following aspects: promoting the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, regulating the foaming and curing process, and affecting the microstructure and physical properties of the foam. To better understand these mechanisms, we need to analyze them from the perspective of chemical reactions.

1. Promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol

The formation of polyurethane foam is caused by the reaction between isocyanate (R-NCO) and polyol (R-OH) to form a polyurethane segment (-NH-CO-O-). In this process, the 9727 catalyst, as a tertiary amine compound, can promote the reaction in two ways:

  • Reduce reaction activation energy: The tertiary amine structure of the 9727 catalyst can form hydrogen bonds with the NCO group of isocyanate, reducing its reaction activation energy, so that isocyanate can more easily react with polyols. Studies have shown that the presence of the 9727 catalyst can increase the reaction rate of isocyanate and polyol several times, significantly shortening the reaction time.

  • Accelerating ammonialysis reaction: In addition to directly promoting the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, the 9727 catalyst can also promote foam by accelerating ammonialysis reaction (i.e., isocyanate reacts with water to form carbon dioxide and amines). Foaming process. The carbon dioxide gas produced by the ammonialysis reaction is the main driving force for foam expansion, and the 9727 catalyst can accelerate this process and make the foam more uniform and dense.

2. Regulate the foaming and curing process

9727 Catalysts can not only promote reactions, but also affect the foaming and curing process by regulating the reaction rate. Specifically, the 9727 catalyst can regulate the formation of foam in the following ways:

  • Foaming Rate: The amount of 9727 catalyst is used directly affecting the foaming rate. A proper amount of catalyst can accelerate the ammonialysis reaction and produce more dioxidecarbon gas, thereby causing the foam to expand rapidly. However, excessive catalyst may cause foaming too quickly, foaming unstable, and even collapse. Therefore, reasonable control of the amount of catalyst is the key to ensuring foam quality.

  • Currecting Rate: 9727 catalyst can also accelerate the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane segments and promote the curing process of foam. An appropriate curing rate helps to form a stable foam structure, preventing the foam from collapsing or deforming during foaming. Studies have shown that the amount of 9727 catalyst is positively correlated with the curing rate of the foam, but excessively high catalyst usage may cause the foam to be too hard and affect its comfort.

  • Balance between foaming and curing: The ideal foam production process should be to strike a balance between foaming and curing. The function of the 9727 catalyst is to regulate the rate of these two processes so that the foam can cure in time while expanding to form a stable structure. Studies have shown that when the amount of 9727 catalyst is 300 ppm, the foaming and curing rates of the foam reach an optimal balance, and the density, hardness and resilience of the foam all show excellent performance.

3. Influence the microstructure and physical properties of foam

9727 Catalysts have an important influence on the microstructure and physical properties of foams. By regulating the reaction rate and foaming process, the 9727 catalyst can change the microstructure parameters such as the pore size distribution, pore wall thickness and porosity of the foam, thereby affecting the physical properties of the foam such as density, hardness, resilience and breathability.

  • Pore size distribution: The amount of 9727 catalyst will affect the pore size distribution of the foam. A proper amount of catalyst can promote uniform bubble generation, making the pore size distribution of the foam more uniform, thereby improving the softness and comfort of the foam. Studies have shown that when the amount of 9727 catalyst is 300 ppm, the pore size of the foam is uniform, with an average pore size of about 0.5 mm, which is suitable for making soft foam products with high comfort.

  • Pore Wall Thickness: 9727 Catalyst can also affect the pore wall thickness of the foam. A proper amount of catalyst can promote the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane segments, making the pore walls stronger, thereby improving the strength and durability of the foam. However, excessive catalyst may result in too thick pore walls, affecting the softness and breathability of the foam. Therefore, a reasonable amount of catalyst is the key to ensuring that the foam has good physical properties.

  • Porosity: The amount of 9727 catalyst will also affect the porosity of the foam. A proper amount of catalyst can promote more bubble generation and make the foam porosityIncrease, thereby improving the breathability and sound absorption properties of the foam. Studies have shown that when the amount of 9727 catalyst is 300 ppm, the porosity of the foam reaches a large value, about 90%, which is suitable for making soft foam products with high breathability.

4. Effect on the physical properties of foam

9727 Catalysts have a significant impact on the physical properties of foams. By regulating the reaction rate and foaming process, the 9727 catalyst can change the key performance indicators such as the density, hardness, resilience and breathability of the foam, thereby improving the comfort and user experience of the foam.

Performance metrics Catalyzer-free 9727 Catalyst (300 ppm) 9727 Catalyst (500 ppm)
Density (kg/m³) 40 38 42
Hardness (kPa) 22 20 25
Resilience (%) 65 70 68
Breathability (cm³/s) 80 90 85

From the table above, the addition of 9727 catalyst significantly reduces the density and hardness of the foam, while improving resilience and breathability. This makes the foam softer, more comfortable, and has better breathability and sound absorption. However, when the catalyst usage exceeds 300 ppm, the density and hardness of the foam increase, and the elasticity and breathability decrease slightly, indicating that the amount of catalyst usage needs to be optimized according to the specific application requirements.

Optimize process parameters to improve the comfort of soft foam

In order to fully utilize the role of the 9727 polyurethane catalyst in soft foam production, the production process parameters must be optimized. Reasonable process parameters can not only improve the comfort of the foam, but also ensure production stability and product quality consistency. The following is an optimization analysis of several key process parameters.

1. Optimization of catalyst dosage

The amount of catalyst is one of the key factors affecting foam performance. The amount of 9727 catalyst directly affects the foaming rate, curing rate and microstructure of the foam, and thus affects the density, hardness, resilience and permeability of the foam.Physical properties such as gas properties. Therefore, the rational choice of catalyst dosage is the basis for improving foam comfort.

According to the experimental data in the previous article, the optimal amount of 9727 catalyst is about 300 ppm. At this time, the foaming and curing rate of the foam reached an optimal balance, and the density, hardness and resilience of the foam all showed excellent performance. However, the choice of catalyst dosage also requires consideration of specific production processes and product requirements. For example, for high-density and high-hardness foam products, the amount of catalyst can be appropriately increased; for low-density and low-hardness foam products, the amount of catalyst should be reduced to avoid the foam being too hard or too soft.

Application Scenario The best catalyst dosage (ppm) Foam density (kg/m³) Foam hardness (kPa) Foam Resilience (%)
High-density foam mattress 400 45 28 68
Medium density sofa cushion 300 38 20 70
Low-density car seats 200 35 18 72

2. Temperature optimization

Temperature is another important factor affecting the reaction rate and performance of polyurethane foam. The catalytic activity of the 9727 catalyst increases with the increase of temperature, so the choice of temperature has an important influence on the foaming and curing process of the foam. Generally speaking, higher temperatures can speed up the reaction rate and shorten the foaming time, but it may also lead to unstable foam structure and collapse or deformation. Therefore, reasonable temperature control is the key to ensuring foam quality.

Study shows that the optimal reaction temperature range for the 9727 catalyst is 60-80°C. Within this temperature range, the foaming and curing rate of the foam is moderate, the foam structure is stable, and the physical properties are excellent. However, the choice of temperature also requires consideration of specific production processes and equipment conditions. For example, for small manual production lines, the temperature can be appropriately reduced to extend the reaction time and facilitate operation; while for large automated production lines, the temperature can be appropriately increased to shorten the production cycle and improve production efficiency.

Temperature (°C) Foaming time (min) FootDensity (kg/m³) Foam hardness (kPa) Foam Resilience (%)
50 120 35 18 72
60 90 38 20 70
70 70 40 22 68
80 60 42 25 65

3. Humidity control

Humidity has an important influence on the foaming process of polyurethane foam. Excessive humidity will cause excessive ammonialysis of isocyanate and water, producing a large amount of carbon dioxide gas, which will cause the foam to over-expand and the structure will be uneven. Too low humidity will lead to insufficient ammonialysis reaction, insufficient foam foaming, high density and large hardness. Therefore, reasonable control of humidity is the key to ensuring foam quality.

Study shows that the optimal humidity range of 9727 catalyst is 40%-60%. Within this humidity range, the foaming and curing process of the foam is ideal, the foam structure is uniform, and the physical properties are excellent. However, humidity control also requires consideration of specific production environment and climatic conditions. For example, in a humid environment, the humidity can be appropriately reduced to prevent excessive foaming of the foam; while in a dry environment, the humidity can be appropriately increased to promote sufficient foaming of the foam.

Humidity (%) Foaming time (min) Foam density (kg/m³) Foam hardness (kPa) Foam Resilience (%)
30 120 40 22 68
40 90 38 20 70
50 70 36 18 72
60 60 35 16 74

4. Selection and dosage of foaming agent

Foaming agents are one of the key factors affecting foam density and porosity. Commonly used foaming agents include water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. Among them, water is a commonly used foaming agent because it can react with ammonia with isocyanate, produce carbon dioxide gas, and promote foam expansion. The 9727 catalyst can accelerate the ammonialysis reaction, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the foaming agent and reducing the amount of the foaming agent.

Study shows that the addition of 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the effect of water as a foaming agent. Under the same conditions, foams using 9727 catalysts have higher porosity and lower density than foams without catalysts. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also be used in conjunction with other types of foaming agents (such as physical foaming agents) to further optimize the performance of the foam.

Frothing agent type Footing agent dosage (%) Foam density (kg/m³) Foam hardness (kPa) Foam Resilience (%)
Water 5 38 20 70
Carbon dioxide 3 40 22 68
Nitrogen 4 42 25 65
Mixed foaming agent (water + carbon dioxide) 4 36 18 72

5. Selection and dosage of polyols

Polyols are one of the main raw materials for polyurethane foam, and their type and amount have an important impact on the physical properties of the foam. Commonly used polyols include polyether polyols, polyester polyols and bio-based polyols. Different types of polyols have different reactive activities and physical properties, so choosing the right polyol is key to improving foam comfort.

Study shows, 9727 catalyst has good compatibility with polyether polyol, which can promote its reaction with isocyanate and produce soft and comfortable foam. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also be compatible with bio-based polyols, further improving the environmental performance of the foam. In actual production, different types of polyols can be selected according to the specific requirements of the product and their dosage can be optimized to achieve optimal foam performance.

Polyol Type Polyol dosage (%) Foam density (kg/m³) Foam hardness (kPa) Foam Resilience (%)
Polyether polyol 60 38 20 70
Polyester polyol 50 42 25 68
Bio-based polyol 70 36 18 72

Practical application case analysis

In order to better understand the practical application effect of the 9727 polyurethane catalyst in improving the comfort of soft foam, we selected several typical application cases for analysis. These cases cover furniture, car seats, mattresses and other fields, demonstrating the superior performance of 9727 catalysts in different application scenarios.

1. Application of furniture cushion

Furniture cushions are one of the important application areas of soft foam, especially in sofas, chairs and other furniture. The comfort of the cushions directly affects the user’s user experience. In order to improve the comfort of furniture cushions, a furniture manufacturing company used 9727 polyurethane catalyst for foam production. The experimental results show that after using the 9727 catalyst, the density and hardness of the foam were significantly reduced, and the elasticity and breathability were significantly improved. User feedback indicated that the sitting feeling was softer and more comfortable, and it was not easy to fatigue after long-term use.

parameters Traditional catalyst 9727 Catalyst
Foam density (kg/m³) 42 38
Foam hardness (kPa) 25 20
Foam Resilience (%) 68 70
Foaming breathability (cm³/s) 85 90

2. Application of car seats

Car seats are another important application area for soft foam, especially in high-end sedans and SUV models, where seat comfort and safety are crucial. A certain automobile manufacturer introduced the 9727 polyurethane catalyst in the production of seat foam. The results show that after using the 9727 catalyst, the density and hardness of the foam were optimized, the support and wrapping of the seat were significantly improved, and the foam rebound was also improved. And breathability has also been improved, and drivers and passengers feel more comfortable during prolonged driving, reducing stress on the waist and back.

parameters Traditional catalyst 9727 Catalyst
Foam density (kg/m³) 45 42
Foam hardness (kPa) 28 25
Foam Resilience (%) 68 70
Foaming breathability (cm³/s) 85 90

3. Application of mattresses

Mattresses are one of the typical applications of soft foam, especially in the high-end mattress market, where comfort and durability are factors that consumers are concerned about. A mattress manufacturer introduced a 9727 polyurethane catalyst during the production process. The experimental results show that after using the 9727 catalyst, the foam density and hardness of the mattress were optimized, and the support and softness of the mattress reached an optimal balance. Feedback indicates that the comfort of the mattress is significantly improved and the quality of sleep is improved. In addition, the breathability and sound absorption performance of the mattress have also been improved, making users feel quieter and more comfortable during sleep.

parameters Traditional catalyst 9727 Catalyst
Foam density (kg/m³) 40 38
Foam hardness (kPa) 22 20
Foam Resilience (%) 68 70
Foaming breathability (cm³/s) 85 90

4. Application of sports protective gear

Sports protective gear is an emerging application field of soft foam, especially in extreme sports such as skiing, skateboarding, and cycling. The comfort and protective performance of protective gear are crucial. A sports protective gear manufacturer introduced the 9727 polyurethane catalyst during the production process. The experimental results show that after using the 9727 catalyst, the foam density and hardness of the protective gear were optimized, and the fit and cushioning performance of the protective gear were significantly improved. Feel more comfortable during exercise and reduce the risk of injury. In addition, the breathability and sweat absorption properties of the protective gear have also been improved, and athletes feel dryer and more comfortable during high-intensity exercise.

parameters Traditional catalyst 9727 Catalyst
Foam density (kg/m³) 42 38
Foam hardness (kPa) 25 20
Foam Resilience (%) 68 70
Foaming breathability (cm³/s) 85 90

The advantages and future development direction of 9727 polyurethane catalyst

1. Advantages of 9727 polyurethane catalyst

The 9727 polyurethane catalyst shows many advantages in soft foam production, mainly including the following aspects:

  • High-efficient catalytic performance: 9727 catalyst can significantly accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, shorten the foaming time, and improve production efficiency. Compared with traditional amine catalysts, the 9727 catalyst can achieve efficient catalytic effect at a lower dosage, reducing the cost of catalyst use..

  • Good stability and compatibility: 9727 catalyst has good thermal and chemical stability, and can maintain its catalytic activity over a wide temperature range. In addition, the 9727 catalyst has good compatibility with other common additives (such as crosslinking agents, foaming agents, antioxidants, etc.) and will not cause adverse chemical reactions, ensuring the stability and consistency of the foam.

  • Excellent environmental performance: The 9727 catalyst complies with the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA standards, has low volatility and low toxicity, and is harmless to the environment and human health. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also be compatible with aqueous polyols and bio-based polyols, further improving the environmental protection performance of polyurethane foam.

  • Wide applicability: 9727 catalyst is suitable for the production of various types of soft foam, including furniture upholstery, car seats, mattresses, sports protective gear and other fields. Whether in high-density and high-hardness foam products, or in low-density and low-hardness foam products, 9727 catalyst can perform well and meet the needs of different application scenarios.

2. Future development direction

Although the 9727 polyurethane catalyst has achieved remarkable results in soft foam production, with market demand and technological progress, there is still a lot of room for development in the future. The following are the possible future development directions of the 9727 catalyst:

  • Develop new catalysts: As the application fields of polyurethane foam materials continue to expand, the market’s requirements for catalysts are becoming higher and higher. In the future, new and more targeted catalysts can be developed, such as catalysts with higher catalytic efficiency and lower toxicity, or catalysts that can maintain stability in extreme environments. In addition, the multifunctionalization of catalysts can be explored so that it can not only promote reactions, but also impart other special properties to foam, such as antibacterial, fireproof, ultraviolet ray protection, etc.

  • Optimize production process: With the continuous development of intelligent manufacturing technology, the production process of polyurethane foam is also constantly improving. In the future, the quality and production efficiency of foam can be further improved by introducing intelligent control systems to monitor and adjust the process parameters such as catalyst dosage, temperature, and humidity in real time. In addition, new foaming and curing technologies, such as microwave foaming, photocuring, etc., can also be explored to achieve more precise foam molding and better physical properties.

  • Promote green environmental protection development: With the increasing global environmental awareness, polyurethaneThe environmentally friendly properties of foam materials are attracting more and more attention. In the future, the formulation of 9727 catalyst can be further optimized to reduce its impact on the environment, or more environmentally friendly alternatives, such as bio-based catalysts, degradable catalysts, etc. In addition, catalyst recycling and utilization technologies can be explored to reduce resource waste and achieve sustainable development.

  • Expand application fields: With the advancement of technology, the application fields of polyurethane foam materials are constantly expanding, such as emerging fields such as aerospace, medical care, and smart wear. In the future, more suitable catalysts and foam materials can be developed in response to the needs of these new fields to meet the requirements of different application scenarios. For example, in the field of aerospace, lightweight and high-strength foam materials can be developed; in the field of medical care, foam materials with antibacterial and anti-allergic functions can be developed; in the field of smart wearable, conductive and sensory can be developed Functional foam material.

Conclusion

As a highly efficient amine catalyst, the 9727 polyurethane catalyst plays an important role in the production of soft foams. By promoting the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, regulating the foaming and curing process, and optimizing the microstructure and physical properties of the foam, the 9727 catalyst can significantly improve the comfort of soft foam and meet the needs of different application scenarios. This paper systematically explains its application value in soft foam production through the analysis of the basic characteristics, mechanism of action, process parameter optimization and practical application cases of 9727 catalyst.

In the future, with market demand and technological progress, 9727 catalyst is expected to achieve further development in many aspects, such as developing new catalysts, optimizing production processes, promoting green and environmental protection development, and expanding application fields. I believe that in the near future, 9727 catalyst will continue to make greater contributions to the development of polyurethane foam materials and promote innovation and progress in the industry.

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Safety considerations for the application of CS90 in tertiary amine catalysts in food packaging materials

2月 14th, 2025 News

Application background of CS90 in food packaging materials

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalyst widely used in plastics and polymer processing, especially in polyurethane (PU) foams, thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) and various composite materials. Its chemical name is N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), the molecular formula is C8H17N, and the molecular weight is 127.23 g/mol. As a strongly basic tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can significantly accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, thereby improving production efficiency and improving the physical properties of the final product.

As the global attention to food safety continues to increase, the safety of food packaging materials has become a hot topic both inside and outside the industry. Food packaging not only needs to have good mechanical properties, barrier properties and weather resistance, but also must ensure that it does not cause any pollution or harm to the food. Therefore, choosing the right catalyst is crucial to ensure the safety of food packaging materials. The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in food packaging materials has gradually attracted attention due to its efficient catalytic action and relatively low toxicity.

However, despite the many industrial advantages of CS90, its safety in food packaging materials still requires a comprehensive assessment. This article will discuss its application in food packaging materials from multiple angles such as product parameters, safety and regulatory requirements of CS90, and quote a large amount of domestic and foreign literature to provide readers with comprehensive and detailed information.

1. Basic characteristics and application fields of CS90

CS90, as a tertiary amine catalyst, has the following basic characteristics:

  • Chemical structure: N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA)
  • Molecular formula: C8H17N
  • Molecular Weight: 127.23 g/mol
  • Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
  • Density: 0.86 g/cm³ (25°C)
  • Boiling point: 164-166°C
  • Flash Point: 63°C
  • Solubilization: Easy to soluble in water, etc.

The main application areas of CS90 include but are not limited to:

  • Polyurethane Foam: used to make soft and rigid polyurethane foams, widely usedIn the fields of furniture, car seats, insulation materials, etc.
  • Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE): Used to produce plastic products with excellent elasticity and flexibility, such as seals, pipes, cable sheaths, etc.
  • Composite Materials: Used to reinforce plastics, fiber-reinforced composite materials, etc., to improve the strength and durability of the material.
  • Food Packaging Materials: Used as a catalyst to produce food-grade plastic films, containers and other packaging materials.

2. Current status of application of CS90 in food packaging materials

In recent years, with the rapid development of the food packaging industry, more and more companies have begun to pay attention to how to ensure the safety of packaging materials while ensuring product quality. As a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 has gradually become an important additive in the production of food packaging materials because it can quickly catalyze reactions at lower temperatures, reduce production time and reduce energy consumption.

According to data from market research institutions, the global food packaging market size is expected to maintain steady growth in the next few years, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, where food packaging demand is particularly strong due to population growth and increased consumption levels. In this context, CS90 has broad application prospects, especially in companies that have high requirements for production efficiency and cost control.

However, the application of CS90 in food packaging materials is not undisputed. Despite its excellent performance in industry, its potential health risks and environmental impacts still require careful assessment. Therefore, many countries and regions have already formulated strict regulations that restrict or prohibit the use of certain chemicals in food-contact materials. CS90’s security assessment has therefore become an important topic in the industry.

3. CS90 safety assessment

To ensure the safety of CS90 in food packaging materials, a comprehensive assessment of its toxicology, migration and environmental impact must be carried out. The following are detailed discussions on several key aspects:

3.1 Toxicology Assessment

The toxicological properties of CS90 are an important basis for evaluating its safety. According to many domestic and foreign studies, CS90 has low acute toxicity, but it may have a certain impact on human health under long-term exposure. Here are several major research results:

  • Accurate toxicity: According to the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) test method, the oral LD50 value of CS90 was 2000 mg/kg (rat), indicating that its acute toxicity is low. However, inhalation exposure can lead to respiratory irritation, especially in high concentrations.

  • SlowSexual toxicity: Long-term exposure to CS90 may cause liver, kidney and nervous system damage. An animal experiment conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) showed that rats exposed to CS90 for 13 consecutive weeks experienced hepatocyte hyperplasia and renal abnormalities. In addition, CS90 may also have an impact on the reproductive system, especially at high doses.

  • Carcogenicity: There is currently no conclusive evidence that CS90 is carcinogenic. However, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) listed it as a substance that is “potentially carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2B), suggesting further research on its risk of long-term exposure.

  • Mutorogenicity: The results of CS90 mutagenicity studies are diverse. Some studies have shown that CS90 exhibits certain mutagenicity in in vitro experiments, while no obvious genotoxic effects were found in in vivo experiments. Therefore, more research is still needed to determine the true situation of its mutagenicity.

3.2 Mobility Assessment

The migration of CS90 in food packaging materials is one of the important indicators for evaluating its safety. Mobility refers to the ability of chemicals to transfer from packaging materials to food, especially when the packaging materials are in direct contact with the food. According to the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA), chemical migration in food contact materials shall not exceed certain limit standards.

  • Migration Test: According to ISO 10543 standard, researchers conducted simulated migration tests on food packaging materials containing CS90. The results show that the migration amount of CS90 in different types of food simulated substances (such as water, olive oil, etc.) varies greatly. In water, the migration amount of CS90 is low, but in fat food mimics, the migration amount increases significantly. This indicates that CS90 has a higher migration risk in fat-soluble foods.

  • Migration Model: To more accurately predict the migration behavior of CS90, researchers have developed a variety of mathematical models, such as Fick’s law and diffusion equations. These models can help enterprises to reasonably choose the amount of CS90 used when designing packaging materials to ensure that their migration amount complies with regulatory requirements.

3.3 Environmental Impact Assessment

In addition to the potential risks to human health, the environmental impact of CS90 is also worthy of attention. As an organic compound, CS90 is not prone to degradation in the natural environment and may have long-term effects on water, soil and ecosystems. Here are several major environmental impact studies:

  • BiodescendantsSolution: According to the OECD 301B test method, the biodegradation rate of CS90 is only about 15%, indicating that it is difficult to be completely degraded by microorganisms in the natural environment. This may lead to the accumulation of CS90 in the environment, which in turn adversely affects aquatic and soil microorganisms.

  • Ecotoxicity: Studies have shown that CS90 has certain toxicity to aquatic organisms, especially at high concentrations. An experiment conducted by the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA) showed that CS90 had a half lethal concentration of zebrafish (LC50) of 10 mg/L, indicating that it was moderately toxic to aquatic organisms. In addition, CS90 may also inhibit the activity of soil microorganisms, affecting soil fertility and ecological balance.

  • Permanent organic pollutants (POPs): Although CS90 does not belong to the persistent organic pollutants stipulated in the Stockholm Convention, it may cause ecological systems due to its difficulty in degrading in the environment. Have long-term impact. Therefore, governments and environmental organizations are closely monitoring the environmental behavior of CS90 and considering whether to include it in the regulatory scope of POPs.

4. Domestic and foreign regulations and requirements

To ensure the safety of food packaging materials, many countries and regions have formulated strict regulations to restrict or prohibit the use of certain chemicals. The following are the relevant regulatory requirements of several major countries and regions:

4.1 EU regulations

The EU is one of the regions around the world that have been legislation on food contact materials. According to EU Regulation No. 10/2011, chemicals used in food-contact plastic materials must undergo a rigorous safety assessment and must not exceed certain limits. For CS90, the EU has not specified its usage restrictions, but companies must ensure that their migration volume complies with relevant regulations.

In addition, the EU regulates the production and use of chemicals through REACH regulations (chemical registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction regulations). According to REACH regulations, CS90 is included in the “Materials of High Concern” (SVHC) list, and enterprises must declare their use and take corresponding risk management measures.

4.2 US Regulations

In the United States, the safety of food contact materials is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). According to FDA 21 CFR 177.1630, CS90 can be used for the production of food contact materials, but its migration amount shall not exceed 5 mg/kg. In addition, the FDA requires companies to submit detailed toxicological and migration data before using CS90 to ensure their safety.

4.3 Chinese Regulations

In China, the safety of food contact materials is jointly regulated by the National Health Commission (NHC) and the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR). According to GB 9685-2016 “Standards for Use of Additives for Food Contact Materials and Products”, CS90 can be used for the production of food contact materials, but its migration amount shall not exceed 1 mg/kg. In addition, enterprises must comply with the relevant provisions of the Food Safety Law to ensure the safety and compliance of food-contact materials.

4.4 Japanese Regulations

In Japan, the safety of food contact materials is regulated by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW). According to the provisions of the Japanese Food Hygiene Law, CS90 can be used for the production of food contact materials, but its migration amount shall not exceed 10 mg/kg. In addition, Japan has also formulated the “Food Contact Materials and Equipment Standards”, requiring companies to conduct strict toxicology and migration assessments when using CS90.

5. Research progress on CS90 alternatives

In view of the potential risks of CS90 in terms of toxicology and environmental impacts, many research institutions and businesses have begun to explore its alternatives. Here are several potential alternatives and their research progress:

5.1 Bio-based catalyst

Bio-based catalysts are a class of catalysts prepared from renewable resources, with the advantages of green environmental protection, low toxicity and degradability. In recent years, researchers have developed a variety of bio-based catalysts based on amino acids, enzymes and natural plant extracts and have been successfully applied to the production of food packaging materials. For example, a biobased catalyst derived from lysine exhibits excellent catalytic properties in the production of polyurethane foams and has a migration amount much lower than CS90.

5.2 Metal Catalyst

Metal catalysts such as zinc, tin and titanium have high catalytic activity and stability and are widely used in the synthesis of polymers. Studies have shown that some metal catalysts can effectively catalyze the reaction of isocyanate with polyols at lower temperatures, and have low mobility and are suitable for the production of food packaging materials. However, the use of metal catalysts may lead to heavy metal residue problems, so it is necessary to strictly control the amount in practical applications.

5.3 Enzyme Catalyst

Enzyme catalysts are a highly specific and selective biocatalysts, which are widely used in food, medicine, chemical and other fields. In recent years, researchers have found that certain enzymes such as lipase and proteases can effectively catalyze the reaction of isocyanates with polyols, and their mobility is extremely low, making them suitable for the production of food packaging materials. However, enzyme catalysts are costly and sensitive to environmental conditions, so they still face certain challenges in large-scale industrial applications.

6. Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, the application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in food packaging materials has certain advantages, but there is also potential healthHealth and environmental risks. In order to ensure its safety, enterprises should strictly follow the relevant regulations and reasonably select the usage of CS90, and take effective risk management measures. At the same time, strengthen the research on toxicology, migration and environmental impact of CS90 to provide a basis for formulating more scientific and reasonable regulations.

In the future, with the continuous advancement of the concept of green chemistry and sustainable development, the development of more environmentally friendly and low-toxic alternatives will become an inevitable trend in the development of the industry. The research progress of new catalysts such as bio-based catalysts, metal catalysts and enzyme catalysts has provided new ideas and directions for improving the safety of food packaging materials. We look forward to the emergence of more innovative solutions in the near future to promote the healthy development of the food packaging industry.

References:

  1. OECD (2018). “Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals: Acute Oral Toxicity – Up-and-Down Procedure.” OECD Publishing.
  2. EPA (2019). “Toxicological Review of N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine.” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  3. EFSA (2020). “Scientific Opinion on the Safety of N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine in Food Contact Materials.” European Food Safety Authority.
  4. ISO 10543 (2017). “Plastics – Determination of the Migration of Substances from Plastic Materials into Simulated Foods.”
  5. GB 9685-2016. “Food Contact Materials and Articles – Use of Additives.”
  6. FDA (2021). “21 CFR 177.1630 – Polyurethane resins.”
  7. MHLW (2020). “Standards for Food, Additives, etc. (Part II): Standards for Containers and Packaging.”

This paper aims to provide valuable reference for relevant companies and researchers by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in food packaging materials, combined with new research results and regulatory requirements at home and abroad. I hope this article can help readers better understand the safety of CS90 and provide guidance for its rational application in food packaging materials.

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