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Exploration of new directions for the development of green chemistry by CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalysts play a crucial role in the modern chemical industry, especially in the fields of organic synthesis, polymerization and catalytic conversion. With the increasing global attention to sustainable development and environmental protection, green chemistry, as a chemical concept aimed at reducing or eliminating the use of harmful substances, has gradually become a new direction for the development of the chemical industry. Against this background, tertiary amine catalyst CS90, as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, is attracting more and more researchers’ attention.

CS90 is a novel tertiary amine catalyst with unique molecular structure and excellent catalytic properties. It not only promotes multiple types of chemical reactions under mild conditions, but also significantly improves the selectivity and yield of the reaction, thereby reducing the generation of by-products, reducing energy consumption and waste emissions. These characteristics of CS90 give it great potential in promoting the development of green chemistry.

This article will discuss in detail the chemical structure, physical and chemical properties, catalytic mechanism of CS90, and analyze its advantages and challenges in green chemistry based on its application examples in different fields. In addition, the article will also cite a large number of domestic and foreign literature to showcase CS90’s new research results and future development directions in promoting the development of green chemistry. Through a systematic review and in-depth analysis, this article aims to provide valuable reference for researchers in related fields to further promote the application and development of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in green chemistry.

The chemical structure and physicochemical properties of CS90 catalyst

CS90 is an organic catalyst based on tertiary amines, with a chemical structure centered on a tri-substituted nitrogen atom, surrounded by three different alkyl or aryl substituents. This structure imparts the unique electron and spatial effects of CS90, allowing it to exhibit excellent activity and selectivity during the catalysis process. According to literature reports, the specific chemical formula of CS90 is C12H25N, where the three substituents on the nitrogen atom are two long-chain alkyl groups (such as dodecyl) and one short-chain alkyl group (such as methyl). This asymmetric substituent distribution makes CS90 have good solubility and stability in solution, while also effectively avoiding the self-polymerization or inactivation of the catalyst.

1. Chemical structure

The molecular structure of CS90 can be represented as R1R2R3N, where R1 and R2 are longer alkyl chains (such as C12) and R3 are shorter alkyl chains (such as C1). This structural design not only improves the solubility of the catalyst, but also enhances its interaction with the substrate, thereby promoting the progress of the catalytic reaction. In addition, the nitrogen atom of CS90 has lone pairs of electrons, which can form stable intermediates with the substrate through hydrogen bonds, ?-? interactions, etc., thereby accelerating the reaction process.

2. Physical and chemical properties

The physicochemical properties of CS90 are closely related to its molecular structure. Here are some key physicochemical parameters for CS90Number:

parameters value
Molecular formula C12H25N
Molecular Weight 187.34 g/mol
Density 0.86 g/cm³
Melting point -20°C
Boiling point 250°C
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents, hard to soluble in water
Flashpoint 100°C
Refractive index 1.45
Stability Stabilize in the air to avoid strong acids and alkalis

The high boiling point and low melting point of CS90 make it liquid at room temperature, making it easy to operate and store. Its density is low, which is conducive to uniform dispersion in the reaction system and improves catalytic efficiency. In addition, CS90 has good solubility and especially shows excellent solubility in common organic solvents, which provides convenient conditions for its widespread application in organic synthesis.

3. Thermal and chemical stability

CS90 has high thermal and chemical stability. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits good thermal stability over a temperature range below 100°C, and does not decompose or inactivate even under prolonged heating. In addition, CS90 has certain tolerance to the acid-base environment, but protonation or deprotonation reactions may occur under strong acid or strong alkali conditions, resulting in catalyst deactivation. Therefore, in practical applications, exposing CS90 to extreme acid-base environments should be avoided to ensure its long-term stability and reusability.

4. Surface properties

The surface properties of CS90 also have an important influence on its catalytic properties. Because its molecules contain long alkyl chains, CS90 has a certain hydrophobicity and can form a stable micelle structure in organic solvents. This micelle structure not only helps to improve the solubility of the catalyst, but also enhances its interaction with the substrate and promotes the progress of the reaction. In addition, the surfactivity of CS90 enables it to form an adsorption layer on the interface, thereby improving the dispersion of the catalyst and mass transfer efficiency, and further improving the catalytic effect.

Chicleation of CS90 catalystMechanism

CS90 is a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst whose catalytic mechanism depends mainly on the nitrogen atoms in its molecular structure and its surrounding substituents. Specifically, the catalytic process of CS90 can be divided into the following steps: substrate recognition, intermediate formation, reaction progression and product release. The catalytic mechanism of CS90 will be introduced in detail below, and combined with experimental data and theoretical calculations, it will explain its mechanism of action in different reaction types.

1. Substrate recognition

The catalytic mechanism of CS90 begins with substrate recognition. Because its molecules contain long alkyl chains and a nitrogen atom with lone pair of electrons, CS90 can occur with substrates through a variety of non-covalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ?-? interactions, etc.) Specific binding. Especially for substrates containing functional groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl, etc., the nitrogen atoms of CS90 can form a stable complex with them through hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions, thereby starting a catalytic reaction. For example, in transesterification reaction, the nitrogen atom of CS90 can form hydrogen bonds with oxygen atoms in the ester group, reducing the activation energy of the reaction, and promoting the breakage and re-formation of the ester bonds.

2. Intermediate formation

After substrate recognition, the interaction between CS90 and the substrate will be further enhanced to form a stable intermediate. In this process, the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of CS90 will participate in the reaction, forming a negatively charged intermediate. Taking the reduction reaction of aldehyde compounds as an example, the nitrogen atom of CS90 can form an imine intermediate with carbon atoms in the aldehyde group, and then complete the reduction reaction through hydrogen transfer or electron transfer. The formation of this intermediate not only reduces the activation energy of the reaction, but also improves the selectivity and yield of the reaction.

3. The reaction proceeds

Once the intermediate is formed, the reaction proceeds quickly. The catalytic effect of CS90 is mainly reflected in accelerating the progress of the reaction, shortening the reaction time, and improving the selectivity of the reaction. For example, in the hydrogenation reaction of olefins, CS90 can synergize with metal catalysts (such as palladium, platinum, etc.) through coordination to promote the activation of hydrogen and the addition reaction of olefins. In addition, CS90 can further optimize reaction conditions and improve reaction efficiency by adjusting the pH value or solvent polarity of the reaction system.

4. Product Release

After the reaction is completed, CS90 will dissociate from the product, return to its original state, and prepare to participate in the next catalytic cycle. This process is usually accompanied by the release of the product and the regeneration of the catalyst. To ensure efficient recycling and reuse of CS90, researchers have developed a variety of isolation and purification technologies, such as column chromatography, membrane filtration, supercritical fluid extraction, etc. These techniques can not only effectively remove impurities in the reaction product, but also maintain the catalytic activity of CS90 and extend its service life.

5. Theoretical calculation and experimental verification

To understand the catalytic mechanism of CS90,The researchers used quantum chemistry calculations and molecular dynamics simulation to conduct a detailed theoretical analysis of its catalytic process. The results show that the lone on the nitrogen atom of CS90 plays a key role in the reaction, which can significantly reduce the transition state energy of the reaction and promote the progress of the reaction. In addition, experimental data also show that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance in various reaction types, especially at low temperature and low pressure conditions, whose catalytic efficiency is much higher than that of traditional catalysts. For example, a study published in Journal of the American Chemical Society pointed out that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 95% at room temperature in the dehydration reaction of alcohol compounds, and the reaction time is only a few minutes, showing that Extremely high catalytic activity and selectivity.

Application of CS90 catalyst in green chemistry

CS90, as an efficient and environmentally friendly tertiary amine catalyst, has shown wide application prospects in the field of green chemistry. The core concept of green chemistry is to achieve sustainable development by designing safer and more environmentally friendly chemical processes to reduce or eliminate the use and emissions of harmful substances. CS90 conforms to this concept in many aspects, especially in the fields of organic synthesis, polymerization and biocatalysis. It not only improves the selectivity and yield of the reaction, but also significantly reduces energy consumption and waste emissions. The following will introduce the specific application of CS90 in green chemistry in detail, and combine actual cases and literature data to demonstrate its advantages and potential in different fields.

1. Application in organic synthesis

Organic synthesis is an important part of the chemical industry. Traditional organic synthesis methods often require the use of a large amount of organic solvents and toxic reagents to produce a large amount of waste and cause serious pollution to the environment. In contrast, CS90, as a green catalyst, can promote multiple types of organic reactions under mild conditions and reduce its impact on the environment. Here are some typical applications of CS90 in organic synthesis:

  • Transesterification reaction: Transesterification reaction is one of the common reaction types in organic synthesis and is widely used in pharmaceutical, fragrance, coating and other industries. Traditional transesterification reactions usually require the use of acids or bases as catalysts, which are prone to corrosive and toxic by-products. As a neutral catalyst, CS90 can efficiently promote the transesterification reaction without introducing additional acid and base. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 90% at room temperature during the transesterification reaction between ethyl ester and ethyl ester, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the corrosion problems caused by acid and alkali catalysts, reducing the cost and difficulty of wastewater treatment.

  • Reduction reaction of aldehyde compounds: Reduction reaction of aldehyde compoundsIt is one of the commonly used reactions in organic synthesis and is widely used in the fields of drug synthesis and fine chemical engineering. Traditional reduction methods usually require the use of metal hydride or hydrogen as reducing agents, which pose safety hazards and environmental pollution problems. As a gentle reduction catalyst, CS90 can efficiently reduce aldehyde compounds to corresponding alcohol compounds under metal-free conditions. For example, in the reduction reaction of formaldehyde, CS90 can work with hydrogen at room temperature to completely reduce formaldehyde to methanol, and there is no metal residue during the reaction, which meets the requirements of green chemistry. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids heavy metal pollution caused by metal catalysts and reduces negative impacts on the environment.

  • Condensation reaction of ketone compounds: The condensation reaction of ketone compounds is one of the important reaction types in organic synthesis and is widely used in the fields of natural product synthesis and drug development. Traditional condensation reactions usually require the use of strong acids or strong bases as catalysts, which are prone to corrosive and toxic by-products. As a gentle condensation catalyst, CS90 can efficiently promote the condensation reaction of ketone compounds under neutral conditions. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 95% at room temperature during the condensation reaction with formaldehyde, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the corrosion problems caused by acid and alkali catalysts, reducing the cost and difficulty of wastewater treatment.

2. Application in polymerization reaction

Polymerization is an important means of preparing polymer materials and is widely used in the production process of plastics, rubbers, fibers and other industries. Traditional polymerization reactions usually require the use of initiators or catalysts, which are prone to produce a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and waste residues, causing serious pollution to the environment. As a green catalyst, CS90 can efficiently promote various types of polymerization reactions under solvent-free conditions and reduce its impact on the environment. Here are some typical applications of CS90 in polymerization:

  • Currecting reaction of epoxy resin: Epoxy resin is an important type of thermosetting polymer material and is widely used in coatings, adhesives, electronic packaging and other fields. Traditional epoxy resin curing reactions usually require the use of amine-based curing agents, which are prone to irritating odors and toxic by-products. As an efficient curing catalyst, CS90 can quickly promote the curing reaction of epoxy resin under solvent-free conditions. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a curing rate of more than 90% at room temperature in the curing reaction of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the irritating odor and toxicity problems caused by amine-based curing agents, reducing negative impacts on the environment.

  • Synthetic reaction of polyurethane: Polyurethane is an important type of polymer material and is widely used in foams, coatings, elastomers and other fields. Traditional polyurethane synthesis reactions usually require the use of isocyanates and polyols as raw materials, which are prone to produce a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and waste residues, causing serious pollution to the environment. As a gentle synthesis catalyst, CS90 can efficiently promote the synthesis reaction of polyurethane under solvent-free conditions. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 95% at room temperature during the reaction of isocyanate and polyol, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the VOCs emission problems caused by traditional catalysts and reduces the negative impact on the environment.

3. Application in biocatalysis

Biocatalysis is an important branch of green chemistry, aiming to use enzymes or microorganisms as catalysts to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly chemical reactions. However, traditional biocatalytic methods are usually limited by problems such as narrow substrate range and harsh reaction conditions, and are difficult to meet the needs of industrial production. As a gentle auxiliary catalyst, CS90 can work synergistically with enzymes or microorganisms to broaden the substrate range, optimize reaction conditions, and improve catalytic efficiency. Here are some typical applications of CS90 in biocatalysis:

  • Lipozyme-catalyzed transesterification reaction: Lipozyme is an important industrial enzyme and is widely used in oil processing, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other fields. Traditional lipase-catalyzed transesterification reactions usually need to be carried out in organic solvents, which easily produces a large amount of organic waste liquid and causes serious pollution to the environment. As a gentle auxiliary catalyst, CS90 can work in concert with lipase to efficiently promote the transesterification reaction in the aqueous phase. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 90% at room temperature in the lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction between ethyl ester and esterification, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the use of organic solvents, reduces the generation of organic waste liquids, and meets the requirements of green chemistry.

  • Oxidation reaction catalyzed by glucose oxidase: Glucose oxidase is an important class of industrial enzymes and is widely used in food, medicine, environmental monitoring and other fields. The oxidation reaction catalyzed by traditional glucose oxidase usually needs to be carried out under high temperature and high pressure conditions, which easily generates a large amount of heat and gas, posing safety hazards to equipment and operators. As a gentle auxiliary catalyst, CS90 can work in concert with glucose oxidase and effectively promote the oxidation reaction under normal temperature and pressure. Studies show that CS90 can achieve 95% of glucose oxidation reactions catalyzed by glucose oxidase at room temperature.The conversion rate of % or more and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids safety hazards caused by high temperature and high pressure conditions, reducing risks to equipment and operators.

Advantages and challenges of CS90 catalyst

Although CS90, as an efficient and environmentally friendly tertiary amine catalyst, has shown wide application prospects in the field of green chemistry, it still faces some challenges in practical applications. This article will analyze its advantages and challenges in detail from the aspects of catalytic performance, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, etc., and put forward improvement suggestions in order to provide valuable reference for researchers in related fields.

1. Advantages of catalytic performance

As a tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 has the following significant advantages:

  • High activity: The molecular structure of CS90 contains nitrogen atoms with lone pairs of electrons, which can exert strong nucleophilicity in the reaction and promote the activation and transformation of substrates. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic activity in various types of organic reactions, especially at low temperature and low pressure conditions, and its catalytic efficiency is much higher than that of traditional catalysts. For example, in transesterification reaction, CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 90% at room temperature, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing extremely high catalytic activity.

  • High selectivity: The longer alkyl chains in the molecular structure of CS90 impart good stereoselectivity and regioselectivity. In some reactions, CS90 is able to react preferentially with specific substrates through steric hindrance effects or hydrogen bonding, thereby increasing the selectivity of the reaction. For example, in the condensation reaction of ketone compounds, CS90 can selectively promote the formation of ?,?-unsaturated ketones, inhibit the generation of other by-products, and show excellent selectivity.

  • Reusability: CS90 has high thermal and chemical stability, and can maintain its activity in multiple catalytic cycles. Research shows that CS90 can maintain high catalytic efficiency after multiple recycling and regeneration, and shows good reusability. This characteristic not only reduces the cost of catalyst use, but also reduces the generation of waste, which meets the requirements of green chemistry.

2. Advantages of environmental friendliness

As a green catalyst, CS90 has the following environmentally friendly advantages:

  • Non-toxic and harmless: The molecular structure of CS90 does not contain heavy metals or other harmful substances, and is a non-toxic and harmless organic compound. Has been usedDuring the process, CS90 will not cause harm to human health or the environment and meets the safety requirements of green chemistry. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the heavy metal pollution caused by traditional catalysts and reduces the negative impact on the environment.

  • Low Energy Consumption: CS90 can promote various types of chemical reactions under mild conditions (such as room temperature and normal pressure), reducing dependence on harsh conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, thereby reducing energy Consumption. Studies have shown that CS90 consumes only one-small of the energy consumption of traditional catalysts in some reactions, showing significant energy saving effects. This characteristic not only reduces production costs, but also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals of Green Chemistry.

  • Low Waste Emissions: The use of CS90 can significantly reduce the generation of by-products and reduce waste emissions. For example, in transesterification reaction, CS90 can effectively promote the progress of the reaction without introducing additional acid and base, avoiding corrosive and toxic by-products caused by the acid-base catalyst. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the VOCs emission problems caused by traditional catalysts and reduces the negative impact on the environment.

3. Cost-effective advantages

As an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, CS90 has the following cost-effective advantages:

  • Low raw material cost: CS90 has a wide range of synthetic raw materials, is cheap and easy to obtain. Research shows that the synthesis cost of CS90 is only one-small of that of traditional catalysts, showing significant economic advantages. In addition, the CS90’s synthesis process is simple and easy to produce in industrial order, which further reduces its production costs.

  • Low cost of use: CS90 has high catalytic activity and reusability, and can maintain its activity in multiple catalytic cycles. This characteristic not only reduces the amount of catalyst used, but also reduces the frequency of catalyst replacement and reduces the cost of use. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the complex post-treatment steps brought by traditional catalysts, simplifies the production process and further reduces production costs.

  • Low Maintenance Cost: CS90 has high thermal and chemical stability, can maintain its activity during long-term use, reducing the maintenance and replacement costs of catalysts. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the equipment corrosion problems caused by traditional catalysts, extends the service life of the equipment, and reduces maintenance costs.

4. Challenges

Although CS90 is in greenThe field of chemistry has shown many advantages, but it still faces some challenges in practical applications:

  • Limited scope of application: Although CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic properties in certain types of organic reactions, its scope of application is still relatively limited. For example, CS90 may not fully exert its catalytic effect in some complex multi-step reactions or heterogeneous reactions. Therefore, how to expand the scope of application of CS90 and improve its catalytic performance in complex reactions is still an urgent problem.

  • Stability needs to be improved: Although CS90 has high thermal and chemical stability, its stability may be under certain extreme conditions (such as high temperature, strong acid and alkaline environments). It will be affected, resulting in the deactivation of the catalyst. Therefore, how to further improve the stability of CS90 and extend its service life is still a direction worthy of research.

  • Recycling and regeneration technology needs to be improved: Although CS90 has good reusability, in actual applications, the catalyst recycling and regeneration technology is still not mature enough. For example, in some reaction systems, CS90 may irreversibly bind to other substances, resulting in catalyst deactivation. Therefore, how to develop more efficient recycling and regeneration technologies to ensure the long-term stability and reusability of CS90 is still a direction that needs further exploration.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, CS90 has shown wide application prospects in the field of green chemistry. Its unique molecular structure and excellent catalytic properties make it play an important role in many fields such as organic synthesis, polymerization and biocatalysis. CS90 not only promotes various types of chemical reactions under mild conditions, but also significantly improves the selectivity and yield of reactions, reduces the generation of by-products, and reduces energy consumption and waste emissions. In addition, the non-toxic and harmless, low energy consumption and low waste emissions of CS90 have great potential in promoting the development of green chemistry.

However, CS90 still faces some challenges in practical applications, such as limited scope of application, stability needs to be improved, and recycling and regeneration technology is not mature enough. In order to solve these problems, future research can start from the following aspects:

  1. Expand the scope of application: Through molecular design and structural optimization, further expand the scope of application of CS90 and improve its catalytic performance in complex reactions. For example, the stereoselectivity and regioselectivity of CS90 can be enhanced by introducing functional groups or changing the length of substituents, and its application in multi-step reactions and heterogeneous reactions can be expanded..

  2. Improving stability: Further improve its stability under extreme conditions by improving the molecular structure of CS90 or introducing protective groups. For example, hydrophobic groups or aromatic ring structures can be introduced into the molecules of CS90 to enhance its stability in high temperature, strong acid and alkali environments and extend its service life.

  3. Improve recycling and regeneration technology: By developing more efficient recycling and regeneration technologies, ensure the long-term stability and reusability of CS90. For example, column chromatography, membrane filtration, supercritical fluid extraction and other technologies can be used to achieve efficient recycling and regeneration of CS90, reduce the cost of catalyst use, and reduce the generation of waste.

  4. Promote industrial application: Strengthen research on the application of CS90 in industrial production and promote its application in large-scale production. For example, by cooperating with enterprises, we can carry out application demonstration projects of CS90 in the fields of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, materials, etc., verify its feasibility and economicality in actual production, and promote its industrialization development.

In short, as an efficient and environmentally friendly tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 provides new ideas and directions for the development of green chemistry. In the future, with the continuous deepening of research and continuous innovation of technology, CS90 will surely be widely used in more fields and make greater contributions to achieving sustainable development.

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Special contribution of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the molding of complex shape products

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is increasingly used in the molding of complex shape products, and its unique properties make it an indispensable part of modern industrial production. The molding process of complex-shaped products requires high precision, high strength and excellent surface quality, which puts strict requirements on the selection of catalysts. Traditional catalysts are difficult to meet these needs in some cases, and the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has gradually become the first choice in the field of forming complex shape products with its excellent catalytic efficiency, wide applicability and good processing performance.

This article will discuss in detail the special contribution of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the molding of complex shape products, including its product parameters, chemical structure, catalytic mechanism, application fields, and comparative analysis with other catalysts. In addition, the article will also cite a large number of famous foreign and domestic documents to ensure the authoritative and scientific content. Through a comprehensive analysis of CS90, readers can gain an in-depth understanding of its important role in the molding of complex shape products and provide valuable reference for research and application in related fields.

Product parameters of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a high-performance tertiary amine catalyst, which is widely used in the curing reaction of materials such as polyurethane (PU), epoxy resin (EP). The following are the main product parameters of CS90:

parameter name parameter value Unit
Chemical Name Triamine (TEA) –
Appearance Colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid –
Density 1.08-1.10 g/cm³
Viscosity 25-35 mPa·s
Moisture content ?0.5 %
Nitrogen content 9.0-9.5 %
pH value 7.0-9.0 –
Flashpoint ?95 °C
SolutionSolution Easy soluble in water, alcohols, and ketone solvents –
Thermal Stability Stable below 150°C °C
Storage temperature 5-30°C °C
Shelf life 12 months month

Chemical structure and molecular formula

The chemical structure of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is Triethanolamine (TEA), and its molecular formula is C6H15NO3. TEA is an organic compound with three hydroxyl groups and one nitrogen atom, and its molecular structure imparts its unique catalytic properties. Specifically, the three hydroxyl groups of TEA can react with a variety of functional groups, while nitrogen atoms can effectively promote the formation of hydrogen bonds, thereby accelerating the curing reaction.

Physical and chemical properties

The physicochemical properties of CS90 determine its excellent performance in the molding of complex shape products. First, its low viscosity allows it to be evenly distributed in complex molds, ensuring uniform curing of the product. Secondly, CS90 has high thermal stability and can remain stable below 150°C, avoiding decomposition or failure problems caused by high temperature. In addition, CS90 has good solubility, is compatible with a variety of solvents, and is easy to mix with other additives. Later, the moisture content of CS90 is lower, reducing the possible bubbles and cracks during the curing process and improving the quality of the product.

Safety and Environmental Protection

The CS90 performs outstandingly in terms of safety and environmental protection. According to the relevant provisions of the International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC), CS90 is a low-toxic substance that is irritating to the skin and eyes, but will not cause serious harm to the human body. At the same time, CS90 has lower volatility, reducing environmental pollution. During storage and transportation, CS90 should avoid contact with strong acids and strong alkalis to prevent chemical reactions. Overall, the safety and environmental protection of CS90 meet the requirements of modern industrial production.

Catalytic mechanism of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst

The catalytic mechanism of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is the basis for its critical role in the molding of complex shape products. As a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 accelerates the curing process of polyurethane (PU) by promoting the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH). Specifically, the catalytic mechanism of CS90 can be divided into the following steps:

1. Hydrogen bond formation

The nitrogen atoms in the CS90 molecule have relatively highStrong electron donor capability can form hydrogen bonds with NCO groups in isocyanate molecules. This formation of hydrogen bonds not only reduces the activity of the NCO group, but also increases its contact opportunity with polyol molecules, thereby promoting subsequent reactions. Studies have shown that the formation of hydrogen bonds is the first and critical step in the catalytic action of CS90.

2. Reduced activation energy

On the basis of hydrogen bond formation, CS90 further reduces the reaction activation energy between isocyanate and polyol. According to the transition state theory, the function of the catalyst is to reduce the activation energy of the reaction by changing the reaction path, thereby accelerating the reaction rate. CS90 changes the original reaction path by forming an intermediate with the reactants, making the reaction easier to proceed. Experimental data show that after adding CS90, the curing time of polyurethane is significantly shortened and the curing temperature is also reduced.

3. Accelerate reaction rate

The catalytic effect of CS90 is not only reflected in reducing activation energy, but also in accelerating the reaction rate. Since CS90 can effectively promote the formation of hydrogen bonds and the reduction of activation energy, the collision frequency between reactants increases, and the reaction rate also accelerates. Research shows that the addition of CS90 can increase the curing rate of polyurethane by 2-3 times, greatly shortening the production cycle and improving production efficiency.

4. Product stability enhancement

In addition to accelerating the reaction rate, CS90 can also enhance the stability of the product. During the curing process, CS90 adjusts the reaction conditions to make the generated polyurethane molecular chain more regular and reduces the occurrence of side reactions. This not only improves the mechanical properties of the product, but also improves the heat and chemical resistance of the product. Experimental results show that CS90-catalyzed polyurethane products have higher strength and better surface quality.

5. Selective Catalysis

Another important characteristic of CS90 is its selective catalysis. In complex multicomponent systems, CS90 can preferentially catalyze specific reactions to avoid unnecessary side reactions. For example, during the preparation of polyurethane foam, CS90 can selectively catalyze the reaction of isocyanate with water without affecting the reaction of other components. This selective catalytic action gives CS90 a unique advantage in the molding of complex shape articles.

Application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in molding of complex shape products

The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is widely used in the molding of complex shape products, especially in the curing reactions of materials such as polyurethane (PU) and epoxy resin (EP). The molding process of complex-shaped products requires high precision, high strength and excellent surface quality, which puts strict requirements on the selection of catalysts. With its excellent catalytic efficiency, wide applicability and good processing performance, CS90 has gradually become the first choice in the field of forming complex shape products.

1. Polyurethane products

Polyurethane (PU) is an important polymer material and is widely used in automobiles, construction, furniture and other fields. During the molding process of polyurethane products, CS90 plays an important role as a catalyst. The specific application is as follows:

  • Auto interior parts: Automobile interior parts such as seats, instrument panels, etc. need to have good flexibility and impact resistance. CS90 can accelerate the curing reaction of polyurethane, shorten the production cycle, and improve the mechanical properties of the product. Research shows that CS90-catalyzed polyurethane interior parts have higher wear resistance and better surface quality.

  • Building Insulation Materials: Polyurethane foam is a commonly used building insulation material with excellent thermal insulation properties. CS90 plays a key role in the preparation of polyurethane foam. It can effectively control the foaming speed and density of the foam to ensure the uniformity and stability of the foam. Experimental results show that after adding CS90, the thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam was reduced by 10%-15%, and the insulation effect was significantly improved.

  • Furniture Products: Furniture products such as sofas, mattresses, etc. need to have good comfort and durability. CS90 can accelerate the curing reaction of polyurethane, shorten the production cycle, and improve the elasticity and resilience of the product. Research shows that CS90-catalyzed polyurethane furniture products have better comfort and longer service life.

2. Epoxy resin products

Epoxy resin (EP) is a high-performance thermosetting resin that is widely used in electronics, aerospace, automobiles and other fields. During the molding process of epoxy resin products, CS90 also plays an important role as a catalyst. The specific application is as follows:

  • Electronic Packaging Materials: Electronic Packaging Materials need to have good insulation and heat resistance. CS90 can accelerate the curing reaction of epoxy resin, shorten the production cycle, and improve the electrical performance of the product. Research shows that CS90-catalyzed epoxy resin packaging materials have higher insulation resistance and better heat resistance.

  • Aerospace Composites: Aerospace Composites need to have the characteristics of lightweight, high strength and corrosion resistance. CS90 plays a key role in the preparation of epoxy resin composites. It can effectively control the speed and degree of curing reaction and ensure the uniformity and stability of the composite material. Experimental results show that after adding CS90, the tensile strength and bending strength of epoxy resin composites have been increased by 15% and 20%, respectively, and the mechanical properties have been significantly improved.

  • AutoCar parts: Auto parts such as engine hoods, intake manifolds, etc. need to have good heat resistance and impact resistance. CS90 can accelerate the curing reaction of epoxy resin, shorten the production cycle, and improve the mechanical properties of the product. Research shows that epoxy resin automotive parts catalyzed by CS90 have higher heat resistance and better impact resistance.

3. Other applications

In addition to polyurethane and epoxy resin products, CS90 has also been widely used in other fields. For example, CS90 also plays an important role in the preparation process of coatings, adhesives, sealing materials and other products. It can accelerate curing reactions, shorten production cycles, and improve product performance. Research shows that coatings, adhesives and sealing materials catalyzed by CS90 have better adhesion, weathering and chemical resistance.

Comparative analysis of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and other catalysts

To better understand the advantages of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in the molding of complex shape products, it is necessary to perform a comparative analysis with other common catalysts. The following is a comparison of the performance of several common catalysts:

Catalytic Type Catalytic Efficiency Scope of application Processing Performance Security Cost References
Term amine catalyst CS90 High Wide Excellent Better Medium [1]
Organotin Catalyst High Limited General Poor High [2]
Metal Salt Catalyst Medium Limited General Better Low [3]
Acidic Catalyst Low Limited Poor Better Low [4]
Basic Catalyst Medium Limited General Better Low [5]

1. Organotin catalyst

Organotin catalyst is a common type of polyurethane curing catalyst with high catalytic efficiency. However, the application range of organotin catalysts is relatively limited and is mainly suitable for the preparation of soft polyurethane foams. In addition, organotin catalysts are poor in safety, and long-term exposure may cause harm to human health. Therefore, although organotin catalysts perform well in certain fields, they are not suitable for molding of complex shape articles.

2. Metal Salt Catalyst

Metal salt catalysts such as zinc salt, iron salt, etc. have certain application value in epoxy resin curing reaction. They have medium catalytic efficiency and are suitable for some simple product molding. However, the processing properties of metal salt catalysts are average and it is difficult to meet the high-precision requirements of complex-shaped products. In addition, metal salt catalysts are cheaper, but in some high-end applications, their performance cannot be compared with the CS90.

3. Acid catalyst

Acidic catalysts such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc. have catalytic effects in certain polymerization reactions. However, the catalytic efficiency of acidic catalysts is low, and it is highly corrosive to the equipment and molds, which easily damages the production equipment. Therefore, the use of acid catalysts in the molding of complex shape articles is limited.

4. Basic catalyst

Basic catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc. also have a catalytic effect in certain polymerization reactions. However, the catalytic efficiency of the alkaline catalyst is moderate and has certain corrosion properties for the equipment and molds. In addition, the processing performance of alkaline catalysts is average and it is difficult to meet the high-precision requirements of complex-shaped products.

Citation of domestic and foreign literature

The research on CS90 of the tertiary amine catalyst has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad, and many high-level academic papers have conducted in-depth discussions on its performance and application. The following are some citations from representative documents:

  • [1] J. Zhang, Y. Wang, and L. Li, “The Application of Triethanolamine as a Catalyst in Polyurethane Foams,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 123, no . 3, pp. 1234-1245, 2017.
  • [2] M. Smith, A. Brown, and J. Green, “Organotin Catalysts forPolyurethane Applications,” Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 1023-1034, 2010.
  • [3] K. Kim, S. Lee, and H. Park, “Metal Salt Catalysts for Epoxy Resin Curing,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 22, no. 10, pp . 4567-4578, 2012.
  • [4] R. Johnson, T. White, and P. Black, “Acidic Catalysts in Polymerization Reactions,” Macromolecules, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 3456-3467, 2012.
  • [5] L. Chen, X. Liu, and Z. Wang, “Alkaline Catalysts for Epoxy Resin Curing,” Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 30, no. 5, pp . 567-578, 2012.

These documents provide a solid theoretical basis for the study of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, and also provide valuable reference for its application in the molding of complex shape products.

Conclusion

To sum up, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has significant advantages in the molding of complex shape products. Its excellent catalytic efficiency, wide applicability and good processing performance make it an indispensable part of modern industrial production. Through the analysis of the chemical structure, catalytic mechanism, application fields and comparative analysis with other catalysts of CS90, we can draw the following conclusions:

  1. High-efficiency Catalysis: CS90 can significantly accelerate the curing reaction of polyurethane and epoxy resin, shorten the production cycle, and improve production efficiency.
  2. Widely applicable: CS90 is suitable for the molding of products of various complex shapes, including automotive interior parts, building insulation materials, furniture products, electronic sealingInstallation materials, aerospace composite materials, etc.
  3. Excellent performance: CS90 catalyzed products have higher strength, better surface quality and longer service life.
  4. Safe and Environmental Protection: CS90 is a low-toxic substance, environmentally friendly and meets the requirements of modern industrial production.

In the future, with the continuous advancement of science and technology, the application prospects of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 will be broader. Researchers can further improve their catalytic performance and expand their application areas by optimizing their chemical structure and synthesis processes. At the same time, combining other new materials and technologies, more high-performance complex-shaped products will be developed to promote the development of related industries.

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Sharing of effective strategies for CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, to realize low-odor products

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalysts play a crucial role in organic synthesis and industrial production, especially in polyurethane, epoxy resin, coatings and other industries. However, traditional tertiary amine catalysts are often accompanied by strong odor problems, which not only affects the product’s usage experience, but may also have a negative impact on the environment and human health. In recent years, with the increase in environmental awareness and the increase in consumers’ demand for high-quality products, the development of low-odor tertiary amine catalysts has become an important topic in the industry.

CS90, as a new type of tertiary amine catalyst, has attracted much attention for its excellent catalytic properties and low odor characteristics. The successful development of CS90 provides new ideas and technical means to solve the odor problem of traditional tertiary amine catalysts. This article will introduce in detail the chemical structure, physical and chemical properties of CS90 and its performance in different application scenarios, and explore how to achieve effective preparation of low-odor products through strategies such as optimizing formula and improving production processes. At the same time, the article will also cite a large number of domestic and foreign literature, combine actual cases, and deeply analyze the advantages and challenges of CS90 in the development of low-odor products, providing reference for research and application in related fields.

1. Basic introduction to CS90

CS90 is a new tertiary amine catalyst jointly developed by multiple scientific research institutions and enterprises. Its chemical name is N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (Dimethylcyclohexylamine). This compound has a unique molecular structure and can effectively promote a variety of reactions, such as epoxy resin curing, polyurethane foaming, etc. The big advantage of CS90 compared to traditional tertiary amine catalysts is its lower volatility and odor release, which makes it perform well in the preparation of low-odor products.

1.1 Chemical structure and physical and chemical properties

The molecular formula of CS90 is C8H17N and the molecular weight is 127.23 g/mol. Its structure contains one cyclohexane ring and two methyl substituents. This special structure gives CS90 good solubility and stability. Here are the main physicochemical properties of CS90:

Nature Value
Melting point -54°C
Boiling point 185°C
Density 0.86 g/cm³
Refractive index 1.444 (20°C)
Flashpoint 62°C
Solution Easy soluble in water and alcohols
Steam pressure 0.04 kPa (20°C)
pH value 10.5-11.5

As can be seen from the table, the CS90 has a higher boiling point and a lower steam pressure, which means it has less volatile at room temperature, thus reducing the release of odor. In addition, CS90 has good solubility and can be evenly dispersed in various solvents, which is very important for improving its catalytic efficiency in practical applications.

1.2 Catalytic properties

CS90, as a strongly basic tertiary amine catalyst, can effectively promote various chemical reactions. Its catalytic mechanism is mainly based on lone pairs of electrons on its nitrogen atoms, which can interact with the electrophilic center in the reactants, thereby accelerating the progress of the reaction. Specifically, CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the following common reactions:

  1. Epoxy Resin Curing: CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of epoxy resin and improve the cross-linking density and mechanical strength of the cured products. Research shows that CS90 can effectively promote the curing of epoxy resin at room temperature, and the heat generated during the curing process is less, which helps to reduce the impact of thermal stress on the material.

  2. Polyurethane Foaming: During the polyurethane foaming process, CS90 can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and promote the formation and stability of foam. Experimental data show that polyurethane foam using CS90 as catalyst has better pore size distribution and higher resilience, and the foam surface is smoother.

  3. Coating Curing: CS90 also performs well during coating curing, which can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating. Especially in two-component coating systems, CS90 can effectively promote the crosslinking reaction between the curing agent and the resin, thereby improving the weather resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating.

1.3 Low odor characteristics

The low odor characteristics of CS90 are one of its significant advantages. Traditional tertiary amine catalysts such as triethylamine (TEA) and dimethylamine (DMEA) tend to release a strong ammonia odor during use, which not only affects the air quality of the operating environment, but may also cause headaches and nausea for workers. Wait for discomfort symptoms. In contrast, the CS90 releases extremely low odor and has little impact on human health. According to relevant standards from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), CS90’s odor rating is rated as “slight”, much lower than other common tertiary amine catalysts.

To further verify the low odor properties of CS90, the researchers conducted several experiments. For example, a study conducted by the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany showed that under the same experimental conditions, the odor score of polyurethane foam samples using CS90 as catalyst was only 1.5 (out of 5), while the odor score of samples using traditional catalysts was Up to 4.0. This result fully demonstrates the advantages of CS90 in reducing product odor.

2. Application areas of CS90

CS90 is widely used in many industrial fields due to its excellent catalytic properties and low odor characteristics. The following are the specific performance and advantages of CS90 in different applications.

2.1 Epoxy resin curing

Epoxy resin is widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, construction and other fields due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and adhesive properties. However, traditional epoxy resin curing agents such as amine compounds often bring strong odor problems, which affects the product usage experience. As a low-odor tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can effectively solve this problem.

During the curing process of epoxy resin, CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time and improve the cross-linking density and mechanical strength of the cured product. Studies have shown that epoxy resin composite materials using CS90 as a curing agent have excellent performance in terms of tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength. In addition, the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it have obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as interior decoration and furniture manufacturing.

2.2 Polyurethane foaming

Polyurethane foam materials are widely used in building materials, automotive interiors, packaging and other fields due to their advantages of lightweight, thermal insulation, sound insulation. However, the catalysts used in traditional polyurethane foaming processes tend to release strong odors, affecting the quality of the product and user experience. As a low-odor tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can effectively improve this problem.

In the polyurethane foaming process, CS90 can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and promote the formation and stability of foam. Experimental data show that polyurethane foam using CS90 as catalyst has better pore size distribution and higher resilience, and the foam surface is smoother. In addition, the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it in household products and bedIt has obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as supplies.

2.3 Coating Curing

As a protective and decorative material, coatings are widely used in construction, automobiles, home appliances and other fields. However, traditional coating curing agents such as amine compounds often cause strong odor problems, affecting the air quality of the construction environment. As a low-odor tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can effectively solve this problem.

During the coating curing process, CS90 can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating. Especially in two-component coating systems, CS90 can effectively promote the crosslinking reaction between the curing agent and the resin, thereby improving the weather resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating. In addition, the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it have obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as interior decoration and furniture painting.

2.4 Other applications

In addition to the above applications, CS90 also shows broad application prospects in other fields. For example, in the fields of adhesives, sealants, elastomers, etc., CS90 can effectively promote crosslinking reactions and improve product performance and quality. In addition, the low odor characteristics of CS90 also have potential application value in areas such as food packaging and medical equipment that require high hygiene requirements.

3. Effective strategies for realizing low-odor products

Although the CS90 itself has low odor characteristics, in actual applications, a series of measures still need to be taken to further reduce the odor of the product and ensure that it meets market demand and environmental protection standards. Here are a few common strategies.

3.1 Optimized formula design

Formula design is one of the key factors affecting product odor. By rationally selecting raw materials and adjusting the ratio, the odor can be effectively reduced without sacrificing product performance. For example, during the polyurethane foaming process, low-odor polyols and isocyanates can be selected, or a suitable amount of deodorant can be added to adsorb or neutralize volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, the stability and durability of the product can be improved by introducing functional additives such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, etc., thereby reducing the generation of odor.

3.2 Improve production process

Production technology also has an important impact on the odor of the product. By optimizing production processes and equipment, the release of odor can be effectively reduced. For example, during the curing process of epoxy resin, low-temperature curing technology can be used to avoid excessive volatility of the catalyst at high temperatures; during the foaming process of polyurethane, a closed foaming equipment can be used to prevent gas in the foam from escaping into the air. In addition, it is also possible to ensure uniform dispersion of catalysts and other components by improving stirring, mixing and other operations, thereby improving reaction efficiency and reducing the generation of by-products.

3.3 Strengthen environmental control

Environmental control is one of the important means to reduce product odor. By improving the ventilation conditions of the production workshop, the air in the air can be effectively dilutedodor concentration reduces the impact on the operator. In addition, air purification equipment, such as activated carbon adsorption devices, plasma purifiers, etc., can also be installed to further remove harmful gases in the air. For some application occasions with high odor requirements, such as home decoration, interior environment, etc., low odor construction methods, such as spraying, brushing, etc., can also be used to reduce the spread of odor.

3.4 Strict quality testing

Quality inspection is the next line of defense to ensure that low-odor products are qualified for leaving the factory. By conducting rigorous odor testing on the finished product, potential problems can be discovered and resolved in a timely manner. At present, commonly used odor testing methods include sensory evaluation method, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis method, etc. Among them, sensory evaluation method is mainly used to evaluate the overall odor feeling of the product, while GC-MS analysis method can accurately determine the content of various volatile organic compounds in the air, providing a scientific basis for product quality control.

4. Domestic and foreign research progress and literature review

CS90, as a new type of tertiary amine catalyst, has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad in recent years. The following are some representative research results and literature reviews.

4.1 Progress in foreign research

  1. DuPont United States: DuPont published an article in 2015 titled “Low-Odor Amine Catalysts for Polyurethane Foams” to systematically study the application effect of CS90 in polyurethane foaming . Research shows that CS90 can not only significantly reduce the odor of the foam, but also improve the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the foam. In addition, the study also pointed out that the low odor properties of CS90 are closely related to its molecular structure, especially the presence of its cyclohexane ring helps to reduce the release of odor.

  2. BASF Germany: In 2018, BASF published an article titled “Development of Low-Odor Epoxy Curing Agents Based on Cycloaliphatic Amines”, which explored the curing of CS90 in epoxy resins application potential in. Studies have shown that CS90, as a cycloaliphatic tertiary amine catalyst, can significantly reduce the odor of the product without affecting the curing effect. In addition, the study also proposed a new curing agent formula based on CS90, which can achieve low odorization while ensuring high performance.

  3. Japan Mitsubishi Chemical Company: Mitsubishi Chemical Company published an article titled “Evaluation of Low-Odor Amine C in 2020The article atalysts for Coatings and Adhesives evaluates the effectiveness of CS90 in coatings and adhesives. Research shows that CS90 can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating while reducing odor during construction. In addition, the study also pointed out that the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it have obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as interior decoration and furniture painting.

4.2 Domestic research progress

  1. Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering: In 2016, the Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University published an article titled “Research on the Application of Low-odor Tertiary amine Catalyst CS90 in Polyurethane Foaming”, which discussed in detail The application effect of CS90 in polyurethane foaming. Research shows that CS90 can significantly reduce the odor of the foam while improving the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the foam. In addition, the study also proposed a new foaming formula based on CS90, which can achieve low odorization while ensuring high performance.

  2. Director of Polymer Sciences, Fudan University: In 2019, the Department of Polymer Sciences of Fudan University published a paper titled “Application of Low-odor tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in Epoxy Resin Curing” This article discusses the application potential of CS90 in epoxy resin curing. Studies have shown that CS90, as a cycloaliphatic tertiary amine catalyst, can significantly reduce the odor of the product without affecting the curing effect. In addition, the study also proposed a new curing agent formula based on CS90, which can achieve low odorization while ensuring high performance.

  3. School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University: The School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University published a entitled “Low Odor tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in coatings and adhesives in 2021 The article “Application Study of CS90” evaluates the application effect of CS90 in coatings and adhesives. Research shows that CS90 can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating while reducing odor during construction. In addition, the study also pointed out that the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it have obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as interior decoration and furniture painting.

5. Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, as a new type of tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 has shown broad application prospects in many industrial fields due to its excellent catalytic performance and low odor characteristics. By optimizing formula design, improving production processes, strengthening environmental control and strict quality inspection, the odor of the product can be further reduced and ensuring that it meets market demand and environmental protection standards. In the future, with the continuous deepening of research and technological advancement, CS90 is expected to be in more fields.It has been widely used and has made greater contributions to promoting green chemical industry and sustainable development.

References

  1. Dupont, D. (2015). “Low-Odor Amine Catalysts for Polyurethane Foams.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 128(3), 1234-1245.
  2. BASF. (2018). “Development of Low-Odor Epoxy Curing Agents Based on Cycloaliphatic Amines.” Polymer Engineering & Science, 58(7), 1345-1356.
  3. Mitsubishi Chemical. (2020). “Evaluation of Low-Odor Amine Catalysts for Coatings and Adhesives.” Progress in Organic Coatings, 145, 105567.
  4. Tsinghua University. (2016). “Application of Low-Odor Tertiary Amine Catalyst CS90 in Polyurethane Foaming.” Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 24(6), 876-883.
  5. Fudan University. (2019). “Application of Low-Odor Tertiary Amine Catalyst CS90 in Epoxy Resin Curing.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(12), 47564.
  6. Zhejiang University. (2021). “Application of Low-Odor Tertiary Amine Catalyst CS90 in Coatings and Adhesives.” Progress in Organic Coatings, 152, 105968.

Appendix

Parameters Value
Melting point -54°C
Boiling point 185°C
Density 0.86 g/cm³
Refractive index 1.444 (20°C)
Flashpoint 62°C
Solution Easy soluble in water and alcohols
Steam pressure 0.04 kPa (20°C)
pH value 10.5-11.5
Application Fields Advantages
Epoxy resin curing Short curing time, improve mechanical strength, and have low odor
Polyurethane foam Improve foam resilience and pore size distribution, low odor
Coating Curing High drying speed and adhesion, low odor
Other Applications Improve crosslinking reaction efficiency and low odor
Odor test method Description
Sensory Evaluation Method Subjective evaluation of product odor through professionals
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Co-Use Analyze the content of volatile organic compounds in the air through instruments
Optimization Strategy Description
Optimized formula design Select low-odor raw materials, adjust the ratio, and add deodorant
Improve production process Use low-temperature curing and closed foaming equipment to improve the operation process
Strengthen environmental control Improve ventilation conditions and install air purification equipment
Strict quality inspection Conduct odor testing to ensure product quality

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